List of the Top 25 3D Rendering Software for Windows in 2025

Founded in 2018 and based in New York, Coohom is a prominent global platform for cloud-based 3D design, offering a comprehensive suite of software and services that enable designers and businesses to create professional projects rapidly and generate stunningly realistic 3D visualizations within moments. With operations across the United States, China, Korea, Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia, Coohom has earned the confidence of over 10 million users in 200 countries thanks to its innovative solutions. Focused on enhancing the digital transformation for clients in the interior design, furniture and home décor, and kitchen and bath sectors, Coohom delivers a full range of tools that include design, rendering, marketing, production, and construction, streamlining workflows for greater success. Coohom's offerings have received recognition in prestigious publications such as Forbes and TechNode, along with specialized industry magazines like Panels & Furniture Asia, FurnitureToday, HomeAccents, and Kitchen & Bath Business. Moreover, as a dedicated partner of the American Society of Interior Designers (ASID), Coohom reinforces its commitment to supporting the design community and fostering innovation in the industry. This collaboration reflects Coohom's ongoing mission to lead in the development of cutting-edge design solutions.

The leading platform tailored for crafting captivating, real-time content is here. It allows for the swift development of 2D, 3D, and VR games and applications through an extensive array of tools that meet all your creative and functional requirements. From resources aimed at artists to comprehensive live operations, every element needed to bring your creative visions to life is easily accessible. This integrated solution empowers industry professionals to design and oversee remarkable applications, providing immersive experiences across multiple industries. You can personalize your splash screen or choose to remove it entirely, giving you complete control over your presentation. Gain valuable insights into your game's performance with instant analytics on crashes, exceptions, and player feedback, which help inform your next steps. Additionally, minimize downtime by accessing professional technical support whenever obstacles arise, available for purchase through a Unity representative. Unity Gaming Services also provides backend and LiveOps solutions that are essential for leading studios managing multiplayer and live games of any scale, compatible with various engines and technology stacks. By utilizing these services, developers can concentrate on innovation, ensuring a strong foundation for their gaming experiences while pushing the boundaries of creativity.

Blender is a highly adaptable 3D creation suite that is free and open-source, making it accessible to a wide range of users. It covers the entire 3D production process, which includes modeling, rigging, animation, simulation, rendering, compositing, motion tracking, video editing, and even offers a workflow for 2D animation. The platform is equipped with Cycles, a sophisticated unbiased path-tracing engine that produces incredibly lifelike renderings. Users can effortlessly create, modify, and edit their 3D models thanks to its comprehensive set of modeling tools. VFX experts have lauded it as “arguably the best tracker available in the market.” Blender also provides strong camera and object tracking functionalities, allowing users to import raw footage, track it, mask certain areas, and visualize real-time camera movements within their 3D space, all without the need to switch between different applications. Additionally, its superior rigging and animation capabilities have made it a popular choice for a variety of projects, including short films, commercials, television shows, and full-length features, demonstrating its significant influence on the creative industry. As a result, Blender remains a preferred resource for artists and creators eager to explore new dimensions of 3D visualization, continually evolving to meet the demands of its users.

Create expansive worlds, complex characters, and stunning visual presentations with ease. Employ sophisticated animation software to breathe life into realistic characters that engage viewers. Effortlessly craft 3D models and immersive environments thanks to the intuitive design capabilities of Maya® software. Produce authentic effects, from intense explosions to intricate fabric simulations, that heighten the visual experience. A state-of-the-art visual programming environment with dynamic solvers facilitates the rapid generation of spectacular effects ideal for major films. Leverage the Bifrost Graph Editor to design custom graphs that meet the unique requirements of your projects. With access to pre-built graphs, you can produce extraordinary effects like snow, sand, and swirling dust storms quickly. Use Arnold, a robust rendering tool, to simplify the process of rendering detailed projects that involve intricate characters, environments, and lighting. The seamless integration of Arnold within Maya allows for immediate previews of high-quality results, enabling quick adjustments on the fly. This user-friendly interface and its straightforward controls lead to significant time savings, allowing you to concentrate more deeply on your creative objectives. Ultimately, this powerful synergy not only boosts efficiency but also enhances the overall caliber of your artistic creations. Moreover, by streamlining workflows, it empowers creators to push the boundaries of their imagination like never before.

By incorporating models into your projects, you will experience an enhanced sense of reality throughout the creative process. The advent of common sense technology has rendered outdated rendering methods obsolete. D5 serves as a straightforward tool that simplifies the visualization of your narrative. Previously, the slow pace of 3D rendering acted as a major hindrance to your productivity. Whenever you made a change, you found yourself waiting for that progress bar, which often drained your creative energy. You were left to force your inspiration into the small gaps between renderings. However, with D5, this is no longer an issue. This innovative tool adapts to your every idea, ensuring that you remain engaged in a fluid workflow. D5 enables you to deeply immerse yourself in the creative process, allowing you to shape your visions with light and enjoy the intricacies of the worlds you develop. Thanks to D5’s GI with Smoothness, you can now enjoy real-time interaction and achieve near offline rendering quality, eliminating the need for compromise in your artistic endeavors. This newfound efficiency not only enhances your creative experience but also empowers you to push the boundaries of your imagination.

NanoCAD serves as a robust computer-aided design tool, providing users with extensive features for both 3D modeling and 2D drafting. It functions effectively as a standalone DWG editor but can also be tailored with additional modules like Construction, Mechanica, and Topoplan to enhance its functionality. The platform supports the creation of 2D drawings and 3D solid models, incorporating both two-dimensional and three-dimensional parametric constraints for added precision. Additionally, it offers a Dynamic UCS feature that facilitates sketching directly on 3D surfaces, ensuring a seamless design experience. Documentation drawings are intricately linked to their respective 3D models, maintaining coherence throughout the design process, while also ensuring full compatibility with DWG files for easy integration within existing workflows. This makes NanoCAD an ideal choice for professionals seeking a flexible and comprehensive design solution.

VORTEK Spaces goes beyond being just a 3D rendering application; it is a cutting-edge software solution designed for busy professionals who may not possess extensive expertise in 3D modeling, allowing them to create stunning interactive 3D presentations in mere minutes. This award-winning software caters specifically to design professionals, sales teams, and account managers who may not have a background in 3D rendering, including kitchen designers, interior decorators, woodworkers, and architects. By seamlessly integrating with their preferred CAD applications, these professionals can easily move from design to presentation with VORTEK Spaces. Your ideas and projects deserve a vibrant showcase, and this platform enables captivating live 3D walkthroughs, eye-catching images, dynamic videos, immersive 360-degree views, virtual reality experiences, and more, all aimed at ensuring your concepts are communicated beautifully and effectively. VORTEK Spaces makes elevating your presentations to unprecedented levels simpler and more accessible than ever before. With its user-friendly interface and powerful capabilities, professionals can now impress clients and stakeholders like never before.

Whether your goal is to create vast three-dimensional landscapes or to undertake a two-dimensional project, Hash Animation: Master serves as the indispensable 3D software for crafting and rendering breathtaking visuals and animations directly from your home! This application has proven itself to be one of the most user-friendly, budget-friendly, and powerful 3D software options available today. A:M effectively merges complexity with ease of use, making it suitable for users of all skill levels. With our extensive collection of text and video tutorials, you'll not only become proficient in A:M, but you'll also establish a solid groundwork for embarking on your animation career in the 3D industry. Our international community of A:M professionals is always prepared to offer guidance to beginners through tutorials and support available on the A:M Forums, creating an incredibly supportive and knowledgeable online environment. Should you require additional help, know that we are consistently available to provide assistance! Moreover, the collaborative atmosphere fostered by our users ensures that you will always have companions on your creative journey, enhancing the overall experience of learning and creating.

Simlab Soft has emerged as a leading innovator in the field of visualization and virtual reality development software. Since its founding, the company has been dedicated to creating advanced 3D software that is not only cutting-edge but also remains fun and easy to use, which led to the development of SimLab Composer (SLC) that is tailored for creating interactive virtual reality experiences. Unlike conventional design applications, SimLab Composer acts as a tool for composing 3D scenes, allowing users to import a variety of 3D file types, arrange them, modify their material attributes, and add animations, simulations, and interactive features. After assembling their scenes, users can export their creations in several formats, including stunning photorealistic images or as a 3D PDF, WebGL, or an engaging VR experience. The layout of SimLab Composer is thoughtfully divided into various workbenches, and upon selecting a specific workbench, the relevant tools become accessible, with the interface adjusting to suit the chosen workbench’s configurations, thereby enhancing user efficiency and productivity. This intentional design not only streamlines navigation within the software but also allows users to concentrate fully on their artistic projects, maximizing their creative potential. The combination of usability and advanced features positions Simlab Soft at the forefront of the industry, making it an indispensable tool for professionals and enthusiasts alike.

Rhino provides an extensive array of features for the creation, modification, analysis, documentation, rendering, animation, and conversion of NURBS curves, surfaces, solids, subdivision geometry (SubD), point clouds, and polygon meshes. The only constraints regarding complexity, degree, or size are determined by the capabilities of your hardware. Its free-form 3D modeling tools compete with those in high-end software, allowing you to realize any design you can imagine. With the precision necessary for tasks ranging from designing and prototyping to engineering, analysis, and manufacturing a diverse selection of products—from aircraft components to intricate jewelry—Rhino guarantees compatibility with all your design, drafting, CAM, engineering, analysis, rendering, animation, and illustration needs. It can effectively read and repair complex meshes and detailed IGES files. The software is designed to be user-friendly, enabling you to focus on your design and visualization tasks without any distractions from the software itself. Remarkably efficient, it runs smoothly on standard laptops and does not require advanced hardware. Additionally, it acts as a core platform for a variety of specialized 3D applications, enhancing its functionality across numerous industries. This adaptability makes Rhino a vital resource not only for professionals but also for hobbyists and creative individuals pursuing their artistic visions. Its ability to streamline the design process while maintaining high-quality outputs solidifies its reputation as an essential tool in the realm of 3D modeling.

Experience a virtual test drive of your business operations through process simulation, which enables you to explore workflows and pinpoint possible obstacles. Advanced process mapping and simulation tools are crafted to assist organizations in enhancing processes, boosting efficiency, and minimizing waste. This technology allows for the simulation of real-life situations, offering valuable insights into the performance and potential bottlenecks within processes. Additionally, robust analytics and reporting features facilitate the ongoing tracking and assessment of process performance, ensuring continuous improvement and optimization.

4Reality is a cutting-edge software designed for real-time rendering, aimed at delivering stunning photorealistic visualizations and simulations. It caters to professionals across various fields, including architecture, design, engineering, real estate, and product development, and facilitates the import of CAD and 3D models from popular platforms such as SketchUp, SolidWorks, and Revit. Among its sophisticated features are Lumen and Pathtracing technologies, dynamic sky simulations that account for celestial bodies, and real-time visual effects that enhance the immersive experience. The software also boasts extensive libraries of materials and 3D models, as well as real-time DEM and CFD simulations, making it suitable for both effective presentations and in-depth technical analysis. Additionally, the inclusion of VR headset compatibility and point cloud imports further enriches its usability. Tools such as advanced material creation, dynamic scene management, saved camera perspectives, and interactive annotations significantly optimize design workflows, while functionalities like real-time adjustments, configuration states, and resolution-independent rendering contribute to greater efficiency. Offering its capabilities in both French and English, 4Reality not only allows users to animate their 3D models with astonishing realism but also enhances overall workflow efficiency and elevates the quality of professional presentations. This versatile software is designed to adapt to the evolving needs of its users, making it an essential tool in the modern design landscape.

Avoyd Voxel Editor and Renderer is a cutting-edge tool designed for voxel artists, Minecraft map creators, and game developers alike. This versatile software allows users to construct expansive worlds, reaching dimensions of 256k voxels on each side. With its advanced CPU and GPU path tracing capabilities, artists can seamlessly create and render stunning voxel art. Furthermore, Avoyd enables the export of optimized mesh formats such as glTF and OBJ, making it compatible with popular 3D modeling applications like Blender and game engines such as Unreal Engine, Godot, or Unity. Users can easily import and export MagicaVoxel .vox files, enhancing workflow efficiency. The program also supports the importation and rendering of Minecraft worlds as well as heightmaps from tools like World Machine. Additionally, Avoyd allows for the creation of material palettes featuring up to 65,000 physically based materials, enabling artists to achieve realistic textures. It incorporates physically based lighting and atmospheric effects, enhancing the visual quality of creations. Lastly, the software offers orthographic projection with isometric presets, providing an array of options for various artistic styles and presentations. This comprehensive set of features makes Avoyd an essential resource for anyone looking to explore the realm of voxel art.

Enscape™ is a cutting-edge virtual reality and real-time rendering plugin designed for popular modeling software such as Revit, SketchUp, Rhino, Archicad, and Vectorworks, seamlessly integrating into your design workflow. This user-friendly tool eliminates the need for extensive prior experience and allows you to design, document, and visualize all from a single model. Transforming your architectural designs into engaging 3D experiences has never been quicker or simpler, making it an ideal choice for professionals. Your clients will enjoy an unparalleled interaction with your projects, as Enscape is trusted by 85 of the top 100 architecture firms around the globe. With Enscape, you can elevate your presentations and ensure your designs leave a lasting impression.

Modo is a sophisticated 3D modeling and rendering platform designed to help businesses create 3D designs while efficiently handling UV mapping and texturing tasks. This powerful suite of tools grants artists the ability to model, animate, texture, and render with remarkable freedom, paving the way for the effortless realization of their creative ideas. Modo® acts as a portal to artistic exploration, featuring rapid direct modeling, flexible procedural modeling, the groundbreaking MeshFusion Boolean toolset, and built-in sculpting functionalities, all working in unison to deliver an exceptional modeling experience. By leveraging Modo’s intuitive tools, you can break free from the constraints that hinder your creativity, allowing you to focus more on your artistic vision rather than on technical obstacles. Whether you're developing simple shapes or designing complex structures, Modo enables you to emphasize creativity over construction. In addition, the adaptable tool assembly feature lets you create a personalized toolkit by combining various operations, streamlining your workflow. With Modo, every project becomes more manageable, empowering you to consistently discover and implement innovative efficiencies that enhance your artistic prowess while also fostering a more enjoyable creative process. This dynamic environment encourages ongoing learning and experimentation, making it a valuable asset for any artist.

form•Z pro is a sophisticated software designed for 3D modeling that provides a wide variety of tools and styles, all within a user-friendly interface that empowers individuals to bring their creative ideas to life and share them effectively. Leveraging advanced methods for 3D solid and surface modeling, it guarantees that designs maintain their integrity through various phases including visualization, layout, animation, and production. One notable feature, Object Symmetry, introduces a symmetry plane that ensures any changes made on one side of an object are mirrored on the other, thereby maintaining aesthetic balance in the design process. This symmetry functionality excels at managing NURBs curves, NURB surfaces, and Sub-D objects, rendering it highly adaptable for intricate modeling projects. Furthermore, Reference Files allow designers to use data from different projects, which streamlines the management of complex static information in separate files and enhances collaboration by promoting file sharing as the design progresses. The inclusion of Python as a scripting language enriches the user experience, providing a powerful tool for those looking to enhance functionality and tailor their workflows. In essence, form•Z pro is not just a tool, but a comprehensive solution that caters to both individual artists and teams working together in the dynamic field of 3D design, making it an invaluable asset for creative professionals.

NewTek LightWave 3D® is designed for independent creators seeking to oversee their artistic process from start to finish. Cost-effective and easy to use, LightWave is widely acknowledged as one of the top 3D modeling systems on the market today. It provides features for modeling, animating, and rendering stunningly lifelike visuals, empowering users to create new worlds, strengthen their brand presence, and surpass expectations. The latest version, LightWave 2020, has seen substantial enhancements and updates. Rather than merely taking our word for its capabilities, you can experience LightWave 2020 firsthand without restrictions. By downloading and registering, you can gain access to a fully functional trial version of LightWave 2020 on both Windows and Mac platforms. This newest version equips you with the crucial tools needed to ensure that every project is completed on time and within budget. Embrace the power and efficiency of LightWave 2020 within your creative workflow today, starting a journey marked by innovation and a smooth process that is both dependable and swift. Ultimately, this combination assures that your 3D projects will not only be productive but also thoroughly enjoyable. Whether you're an experienced artist or just starting, LightWave 2020 has something to offer for everyone.

Artists and designers seeking ultimate creative independence can effortlessly access 15 Chaos® products with a single license. With the V-Ray® Collection, you have the ability to navigate seamlessly between various 3D applications. This versatility allows you to integrate your unique mix of fluid simulation, photorealistic rendering, and real-time scene exploration into any project you undertake. The freedom to switch between different 3D applications enhances your workflow, while content sharing and collaboration with others become remarkably straightforward. You will also benefit from immediate access to the latest updates and cutting-edge technology without the hassle of managing multiple versions or tracking expiration dates. Acquiring a single license proves to be the simplest and most economical solution for accessing everything you need. This enables you to create revolutionary designs, compelling narratives, and stunning artwork. With V-Ray, you can bring your artistic vision to life, as it stands out as the leading 3D renderer in the industry. Whether you're crafting photorealistic images or animations, V-Ray Collection is compatible with a variety of top-tier 3D modeling and design software, including 3ds Max, Maya, SketchUp, Rhino, Revit, Modo, Cinema 4D, Unreal, Houdini, Nuke, and Blender, ensuring that you have the tools to succeed in any creative endeavor. With such a comprehensive suite at your disposal, you'll be well-equipped to push the boundaries of your creativity.

3DCoat is an all-in-one software application that provides users with the essential tools to convert a basic digital clay model into a polished, fully textured creation, suitable for both organic and hard-surface designs. It is currently utilized in over 300 educational institutions worldwide, demonstrating its widespread acceptance in the academic community. As one of the leading solutions for developing detailed 3D models, 3DCoat distinguishes itself in a competitive landscape where many alternatives specialize in only one aspect, like digital sculpting or texture painting. In contrast, 3DCoat offers remarkable proficiency in various stages of the asset creation process, including sculpting, retopology, UV editing, PBR texture painting, and rendering. This extensive functionality allows it to function as a comprehensive suite, encompassing 3D texturing software, 3D texture painting tools, a 3D sculpting application, retopology utilities, UV mapping capabilities, and rendering features all in one platform. As a result, users enjoy a cohesive experience that reduces the need to learn and invest in numerous specialized software solutions. Ultimately, 3DCoat enhances the efficiency of artists and creators working within the realm of 3D modeling, empowering them to focus more on their creative processes rather than juggling different applications. This integrated approach not only streamlines workflows but also fosters greater creativity and innovation in the 3D design space.

iClone stands out as the quickest 3D animation software on the market today. It empowers users to craft high-quality animations suitable for various applications such as film, pre-visualization, gaming, content creation, educational projects, and artistic endeavors. This software seamlessly integrates cutting-edge real-time technologies, making the realm of 3D animation more accessible within a user-friendly production framework that merges scene creation, character animation, and engaging storytelling. Transforming your creative ideas into tangible projects becomes an effortless task. With its intuitive tools designed for both body and facial animation, you can swiftly generate any character you envision. Facial animations can be produced with remarkable accuracy through features like lip-syncing, emotive puppet expressions, and muscle-driven facial key adjustments. In just a few minutes, it's possible to produce humanoid 3D characters that can either be lifelike or stylized. The software boasts impressive animation capabilities, enabling scenes to be manipulated with unparalleled creative freedom, thus inspiring users to explore their artistic potential fully. Ultimately, iClone allows for a dynamic and efficient animation process that caters to both beginners and seasoned professionals alike.

Render[in] is a robust real-time radiosity engine tailored for both Free and Pro SketchUp users. Utilizing the advanced rendering technology from Artlantis 6.5, Render[in] 3 enables SketchUp users to create breathtaking, high-definition photorealistic visuals with ease. In the field of rendering, similar to photography, the importance of accurately depicting color cannot be overstated. The upgraded global illumination engine in Render[in] greatly enhances image quality by providing superior clarity for colors, textures, and materials. Furthermore, the addition of ISO and Shutter controls simplifies the process of lighting adjustments within a scene, thereby granting users enhanced creative freedom. This level of accessibility ensures that users can effortlessly achieve their desired visual effects, making their projects truly stand out. Ultimately, Render[in] empowers users with the tools necessary to bring their visions to life effectively.

The changes made to materials, lighting, or any other elements in the scene are immediately visible in real-time within the viewport, which significantly enhances both the efficiency and pleasure of your workflow. FluidRay is distinguished as the only interactive renderer that operates without GPU limitations. Although GPU-based renderers excel in specific scenarios, FluidRay efficiently manages all tasks with remarkable speed. The experience of using FluidRay is incredibly smooth, and its user-friendly interactive workflow means that anyone can gain proficiency in just a few minutes. With FluidRay, you can quickly generate stunning previews for architectural projects, interior designs, jewelry pieces, and a multitude of other creative endeavors. The interactive rendering capability makes the design of products and spaces an enjoyable and straightforward process. Furthermore, FluidRay facilitates the rapid prototyping of ideas and the creation of high-quality preview images. In addition, its seamless integration with Rhino allows designers to easily build 3D models in Rhino and transfer them into FluidRay without complications, further optimizing the design workflow. This synergy of features positions FluidRay as an invaluable asset for creative professionals, ensuring they can bring their visions to life with remarkable efficiency and ease. Ultimately, FluidRay empowers designers to explore their creativity without the technical constraints often associated with rendering software.

Elevate the presentation of your Rhino models with exceptional clarity through state-of-the-art rendering technology. Tailored for designers, Flamingo nXt simplifies the showcasing process, enabling anyone to display their work without the need for specialized CG skills. Achieve stunning outcomes with just a few clicks in mere minutes. In Rhino, you can quickly explore nXt's default rendering settings by simply hitting Render or take the time to customize your lighting and materials for an even more refined result. With Flamingo nXt 5, users can easily create breathtaking, realistic images directly within the Rhino environment. You don’t have to be an expert in rendering to obtain vivid visuals rapidly—just set up the materials and lighting, click Render, and let nXt manage the simulation. The platform reduces complexity, allowing you to concentrate on your creative vision instead of getting bogged down by technical details. nXt skillfully simulates light transport within your model, accommodating elements like indirect lighting, as well as complex reflection and refraction effects, which enhance the dynamism and visual appeal of your presentations. Thanks to its intuitive features, showcasing your designs has never been simpler or more effective, paving the way for a seamless creative experience. Your work can stand out and captivate audiences like never before.

Unleash your creative potential in design with Adobe Dimension, the fastest way to bring your ideas to life in stunning 3D imagery. Included in the Creative Cloud All Apps suite, it empowers you to create striking 3D visuals efficiently, leveraging top-notch models, materials, and customizable lighting settings. Dimension streamlines the process of crafting brand representations, illustrations, product mockups, packaging designs, and a wide range of artistic projects. Instantly produce realistic images that enable you to envision branding, packaging, and logos in a dynamic three-dimensional space. By simply dragging and dropping a vector graphic or image onto a 3D model, you can effortlessly visualize it in a realistic environment. The application also facilitates easy access to Adobe Stock’s extensive library of 3D assets specifically designed for use in Dimension. Create lifelike virtual photographs that incorporate depth, texture, and the right lighting to enhance your designs. Furthermore, you can seamlessly integrate 3D models with 2D graphics from Adobe Photoshop and Illustrator, along with materials from Substance, background images, and various lighting configurations. Unique assets from external 3D software can also be imported, and your scenes can be exported as layers for additional refinement in Photoshop, allowing your imagination to run wild. This advanced tool not only inspires designers to extend their creative boundaries but also encourages exploration into the captivating interplay between 2D and 3D artistry. Ultimately, Adobe Dimension serves as a gateway to innovation in design, making it an essential resource for modern creators.

Pixar Animation Studios has pioneered advanced technology for visual effects and animation rendering. Their newest framework, tailored for physically-based rendering, provides exceptional flexibility to integrate seamlessly into any production workflow. RenderMan is not just employed for Pixar's animated features; it has also been widely embraced throughout the industry due to its effectiveness in rendering both visual effects and animation, showcasing its remarkable scalability and adaptability. Users now have the opportunity to utilize ready-to-use production tools directly from Pixar, which offer materials and light transport capabilities without the necessity for further development. This physically based shading system allows RenderMan to achieve extraordinarily realistic lighting with minimal setup, featuring extensive support for multi-bounce ray traced global illumination and ray traced subsurface scattering. Considerable research and innovation have been invested to convert these typically expensive effects into viable solutions for production settings. The materials provided are equipped with a vast array of creative options, enabling artists to realize their artistic visions fully. Furthermore, this dedication to both accessibility and quality solidifies RenderMan's status as a frontrunner in the realm of rendering technology, ensuring that it remains a preferred choice for professionals in the field. As the industry continues to evolve, Pixar's contributions through RenderMan will undoubtedly play a crucial role in shaping the future of animation and visual storytelling.