List of the Top 25 Check Printing Software in Japan in 2025

Utilizing digital payment methods can lead to significant cost reductions. By leveraging Print+Mail, you can minimize accounts payable resources efficiently. Customers benefit from quicker payments, along with various deposit options that enhance their overall experience. This system allows for immediate payment dispatch, thereby optimizing cash flow and providing better control over your financial operations. Print+Mail effectively merges the swift nature of electronic transactions with the traditional appeal of receiving a physical check. It handles the generation, printing, and mailing of your payments on secure check stock the same day you initiate them through the Deluxe Payment Exchange (DPX). Transitioning to eChecks enables you to embrace a fully digital approach; to complete a payment, only an email address is required. Recipients have the flexibility to select their preferred method of payment receipt. The Deluxe Payment Exchange (DPX) simplifies the process of sending checks, making it a breeze to manage both sending and receiving payments. By adopting these innovative digital payment solutions, your business stands to thrive and achieve greater success. Moreover, the seamless integration of modern technology into your payment processes can lead to increased efficiency and customer satisfaction.

Our comprehensive REST API provides a seamless way to incorporate print and mail capabilities into your applications. With this integration, your team can effortlessly dispatch customized letters, postcards, and checks to clients without altering existing workflows. To enhance user experience, our Address Autocompletion service simplifies the address entry process right at the point of input. Additionally, our multilingual address parser adeptly extracts essential elements like street and city names, enabling the validation of improperly formatted addresses. Capable of processing thousands of addresses each minute, we ensure that extensive mailing lists can be verified and cleaned up almost instantaneously. Every mailing is subjected to automatic address verification and correction, adhering strictly to the standards set by Canada Post and USPS. Furthermore, our freeform address parsing functionality allows for API requests using unformatted addresses, making data handling even more flexible. You can also keep track of all sending activities through detailed logs that display the status of each order, along with records of previous transactions, providing complete oversight of your mailing processes. This efficiency not only saves time but also greatly enhances the accuracy of your mailings.

ezCheckPrinting software is crafted for organizations seeking to independently produce and print checks of exceptional quality. It caters to both large enterprises and smaller firms, allowing them to efficiently oversee their payment processes while generating personalized checks with any laser or MICR printer. Users enjoy the capability to print an unlimited number of professional checks on various stock types, whether blank or pre-printed, and can choose from formats such as check-on-top, check-in-middle, check-at-bottom, and three checks per page. The software also speeds up the check printing process by enabling data import from external files. Moreover, the ezACH direct deposit module easily imports information from the ezCheckPrinting database, facilitating the creation of ACH files for direct deposits. It supports preprinted blank checks that include MICR encoding, which can be printed with a laser printer. Customers are given the option to enter check details manually or use additional software for assistance. The optional virtual printer add-on further expands the capabilities of ezCheckPrinting, allowing for seamless printing of checks directly from QuickBooks and Quicken onto blank stock in just one step, thereby optimizing the workflow. This all-encompassing solution not only simplifies but also significantly enhances the check printing experience for businesses, regardless of their size, ensuring a more effective financial management approach. In doing so, it empowers organizations to maintain greater control over their payment processes and provides a streamlined way to manage their financial transactions.

We provide pre-set check configurations for various top accounting platforms, accompanied by simple setup instructions for any additional systems. In addition, complimentary phone support is offered to ensure a smooth initiation process. Our cost-effective MultiCHAX™ blank check forms work with all your bank accounts, removing the hassle of managing different types of forms for each account. With MultiCHAX™, you can eliminate the worry of running out of checks for specific accounts. This cutting-edge tool significantly enhances the capabilities of your accounting system. Our proprietary technology allows MultiCHAX™ to read check numbers, recognize the related bank accounts, and effortlessly format essential bank information for each check. Unlike many competing check printing software solutions, we do not charge any hidden fees. You can freely use any standard blank check stock that you like. Additionally, you can customize the placement of various printable components on your checks. Choose from diverse styles, such as top, bottom, middle, Z-fold, or three-per-page check sheet formats, regardless of the accounting software in use. You can print logos, signatures, and even add overlays to create a tailored check design that perfectly meets your requirements. Ultimately, our solution not only simplifies your check printing process but also provides extensive customization and maximizes efficiency, allowing you to focus on what truly matters in your business.

Are you tired of running low on checks, facing steep charges for reorder checks from your bank, or experiencing delays in their arrival? Ease your worries by adopting intuitive check design software. With Checksoft Home & Business, you can quickly create and print both personal and business checks for various accounts, potentially cutting your check paper costs by as much as 80% while streamlining your financial administration. Choose from an extensive collection of over 100 check templates, or design your own by simply entering your account details and selecting your favorite layout. The sophisticated check designer allows for extensive customization, featuring more than 1,000 colorful background images, logos, and graphics. You can print your completed checks in a single step or choose to fill out blank checks by hand. This software integrates seamlessly with both Quicken® and QuickBooks®, allowing you to produce checks across multiple accounts with ease. Starting with Checksoft is straightforward, as its interface mimics that of a traditional checkbook, making it simple to enter and alter transactions. Moreover, this exceptional tool not only enhances your financial management experience but also reduces stress associated with handling finances, helping you feel more in control of your monetary affairs.

Checkeeper provides a flexible online solution for printing checks, allowing users to utilize their own check stock or standard white paper. By merely using a printer along with Checkeeper, individuals can easily create professional-grade checks suitable for both personal and business transactions. The software includes convenient automatic mailing services for various payments, such as vendor payments, refunds, and rebates, which means whether you need to send a single check or thousands, Checkeeper manages the entire process, including printing, licking, and stamping. Users can print on almost any existing check stock for a refined look or choose blank stock to personalize which details to print and where to position them. The system automatically fills in your specific check information, and users can oversee all their clients and bank accounts under a single account, integrating seamlessly with multiple accounting platforms. Furthermore, Checkeeper enhances payroll printing and simplifies payment management for clients, contributing to a more efficient financial workflow. With its intuitive interface and comprehensive features, Checkeeper stands out as an essential resource for anyone aiming to streamline their check printing and payment processes, making financial management much easier and more organized.

Sending physical checks through the mail to anyone in the United States is a straightforward process. By linking your bank account securely, you can easily print and send checks directly from your smartphone. The application also provides features to track the status of your checks and sends you notifications once they have been successfully delivered. Check Supply is a convenient iOS app designed to streamline the process of sending physical checks straight from your iPhone, eliminating the need for manual writing and mailing. Utilizing a secure connection through Plaid, a trusted financial technology partner, the app ensures that your sensitive information remains protected and is not stored on Check Supply’s servers. To use the app, simply enter the payment amount, choose the recipient’s name and address (which can be conveniently pulled from your contacts), and optionally include a memo. After verifying the details, Check Supply will take care of printing and mailing the check for you, frequently on the same business day if ordered before 3 PM EST. Furthermore, you can track your check’s progress within the app, with most deliveries accomplished within 1-5 USPS business days, guaranteeing that your payments are received promptly. With the added assurance of robust security measures, you can confidently manage your financial transactions through this innovative platform. Additionally, this service can save you time and effort, allowing you to focus on more important tasks.

ChequeSystem simplifies the cheque issuance process significantly. You can print cheques effortlessly, including all vital information such as payees, dates, and amounts. This software is designed to work seamlessly with various types of printers, including laser, dot-matrix, and inkjet models, ensuring high-quality and clear output consistently. With options for duplex and batch printing, it enhances overall efficiency in your financial operations. In addition to its printing capabilities, ChequeSystem provides extensive tools for cheque management. Users can maintain a thorough history of transactions, incorporate notes, and utilize audit codes for precise tracking. The software features recurring cheque templates that automate the creation of cheques for frequent payees, as well as batch creation for multiple recipients, which significantly boosts productivity while reducing errors. It also includes detailed reporting capabilities, allowing users to generate accounts, payees, and monthly statements that can be exported to Excel and PDF formats for straightforward analysis. Furthermore, ChequeSystem supports the management of multiple companies and cheque books within a single interface, with distinct settings and data for each, making it a versatile tool for diverse business needs. The software is compatible with both Windows and macOS platforms, ensuring accessibility for a wide range of users.

ezCheckPersonal is a versatile software solution compatible with both Windows and Mac operating systems, enabling users to design and print personal checks with ease. By using this software, individuals can save money as it empowers them to create their own checks, accommodating both 3 and 4 checks per sheet formats on standard letter-sized paper (8-1/2" x 11"). The typical pocket-sized check measures 6" x 2-3/4", allowing for the printing of regular checks on blank stock for bill payments or the option to manually complete pre-printed checks as needed. Additionally, users can print blank checks for future use, whether by hand or with supplementary software. ezCheckPersonal facilitates printing on both blank check stock and pre-printed personal bank checks, all while avoiding any annual fees or concealed costs. It is specifically designed to function smoothly with Windows 7, 8, 8.1, and 10 (in both 32-bit and 64-bit versions), as well as Macintosh OS. Customization options are abundant, allowing users to personalize checks with logos, signatures, fonts, and labels tailored to their preferences. The software also boasts a user-friendly interface that minimizes the learning curve, and sample checks can be printed right after installation, making it easy to dive into check printing tasks immediately. With ezCheckPersonal, managing personal finances becomes more streamlined and efficient than ever before, providing users with a reliable tool to enhance their financial organization. Furthermore, the ability to create checks from the comfort of one's home adds an extra layer of convenience that many users appreciate.

Just Checking for Windows is an accessible checkbook management tool designed to assist users in tracking their financial transactions, reconciling accounts, and printing checks with ease. Its interface is designed to resemble a traditional checkbook register, making navigation straightforward for users. Each transaction recorded includes vital information, such as the date, payment method, check number, payee, memo, transaction amount, actual balance, bank balance, and the date when the bank cleared the transaction. The user-friendly transaction dialog streamlines the data entry process, enhancing the overall experience. Additionally, the software can generate various reports, including an extensive checkbook register report, and provides sorting options across multiple columns within the register for better organization. Users have the ability to set up recurring transactions for regular expenses and generate detailed expense reports like the memo expense report, as well as print checks at their convenience. Should there be a need to make changes to the check printing process, the edit option allows users to customize templates according to their specific requirements. Most importantly, all information is securely stored locally on the user's device, rather than online, ensuring both privacy and control over personal financial data. Moreover, the software effectively handles multiple checking accounts while accurately calculating both actual and bank balances for every transaction, offering users a comprehensive view of their financial status and activities. This ensures that users remain informed and organized in their financial management efforts.

Print Checks is an intuitive application tailored for check printing, utilizing a wizard-style interface that facilitates navigation through the process with "previous" and "next" buttons. To start, choose between printing checks with pre-filled data or selecting blank checks, and after making your choice, click the green arrow to advance. If you opt to enter data, you must provide the essential check details, utilizing the green plus sign to create a new record, with the option to edit existing entries by double-clicking them. Upon adding or changing a check data record, a dialog box will prompt you to input further details under the additional check information tab, which will ultimately be reflected on the printed check; be sure to click Ok to confirm your updates. Following that, pick your desired check template by clicking on it, and if modifications are necessary, you can easily adjust them before proceeding by clicking the green arrow once more. The next phase requires you to input any additional check information on the following page; after completing this, continue by clicking the right green arrow. Eventually, you will arrive at a print preview of your checks, allowing you to review the details before printing, thereby ensuring a seamless and effective check-printing experience. This application streamlines the entire process, making it accessible even for those unfamiliar with check printing.

Utilize PrintBoss to print checks from multiple bank accounts using a single type of blank check stock. This innovative software allows users to efficiently print checks for various QuickBooks companies or bank accounts directly onto blank check stock, which is a more secure and cost-effective alternative to preprinted checks that include sensitive bank information. With PrintBoss for QuickBooks, you can easily manage all your bank accounts in one centralized interface, making it simple to print checks from any account onto the blank stock. By improving the efficiency of various standard accounting tasks, PrintBoss enables you to save time, lower accounting costs, and enhance the security of your check transactions. Furthermore, it aids in the easy distribution of accounting documents while seamlessly integrating with your QuickBooks setup. In addition, PrintBoss features files that provide immediate integration with Dynamics, allowing users to select the PrintBoss printer within their Windows printer options. This functionality not only increases productivity but also optimizes your entire accounting process. Consequently, PrintBoss serves as a valuable tool for businesses looking to streamline their financial operations and improve overall efficiency.

Goldenseal is an accounting, estimating, and business management software that operates on both Macintosh and Windows systems. Designed with business owners and their employees in mind, especially those lacking formal accounting training, this program is intuitive and easy to navigate. It primarily serves small businesses that require tools to create estimates, track expenses, and manage projects efficiently. Beyond its accounting capabilities, Goldenseal supports various vital business operations, enhancing overall productivity. Originally created for Turtle Creek Construction, it includes features like "smart dimensions" and unit costs that ensure precise estimates for new builds and renovations alike. A diverse array of professionals—including remodelers, construction contractors, architects, retailers, and service providers—benefit from Goldenseal, which is particularly advantageous for small enterprises that need more than simple accounting solutions. Additionally, the software provides free email support to help users resolve any issues they encounter, fostering a smooth experience in their business management efforts. By streamlining essential functions and prioritizing user-friendliness, Goldenseal stands out as a versatile solution for effective business administration. Its combination of comprehensive features and dedicated support makes it a valuable asset for any small business aiming for growth and efficiency.

VersaCheck™ X9 Enterprise 2022 allows users to create and print customized checks and drafts for an unlimited number of financial accounts, supporting up to 100 users at once while providing strong multi-level account protection. The software includes advanced INKcrypt® technology to prevent counterfeiting, along with UV invisible ink tags for added security, ensuring that your financial transactions are well-protected. Its user-friendly flash-setup feature makes it easy to add new accounts instantly, while the "one-key" installation process allows for the deployment of multiple software copies, suitable for both standalone and networked environments. Additionally, VersaCheck supports payment processing on both PC and mobile platforms, simplifying the creation of secure checks and drafts for personal and business purposes alike. Users can monitor their accounts with real-time activity notifications, allowing for effective management of finances across various banks and accounts. The software is compatible with a range of inkjet and laser printers and integrates smoothly with popular financial programs such as Quicken, QuickBooks, and Peachtree. This version, which includes all the features of VersaCheck X9 Professional, also provides a 100-user license key, making it an excellent choice for organizations that need either networked or standalone solutions, thereby enhancing collaboration and efficiency in their financial management processes. Furthermore, the comprehensive security measures and user-friendly design position VersaCheck X9 Enterprise as a leading solution for organizations aiming to streamline their financial operations.

VersaCheck® 2022 for Mac allows users to create and print customized checks while effectively overseeing their financial activities and managing both incoming and outgoing payments directly from their Mac. Additionally, it incorporates VersaCheck Pay, which facilitates payment processing on PC, Mac, and mobile devices. Users can set up an unlimited number of bank accounts and manage multiple checkbooks at once, ensuring precise tracking of check numbers. The software proficiently synchronizes financial data and records, simplifying account reconciliation. In the United States, the Federal Reserve governs the printing and processing of checks, with standards established by groups like the American Bankers Association (ABA), the Check Payment Systems Association (CPSA), and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) through standard X9. By using standard multipurpose paper rather than pre-printed check paper, users can save over 90%, which allows for the personalization of check designs, background images, and colors. Furthermore, this latest version introduces the ability to print the endorsement section on the reverse side of checks, along with security text, thus enhancing both functionality and security for its users. Overall, VersaCheck® 2022 provides a robust solution for check printing and financial management, catering to the unique requirements of its users, making financial organization more accessible and efficient than ever before.

CheckBuilderPro is a renowned check printing software that seamlessly operates on both Macintosh and Windows platforms! Priced at just $59.95, it enjoys a notable 4.4-star rating on Amazon.com and has been recognized as "Amazon's Choice" within its category! This software is ideal for both individuals and small businesses, enabling users to design checks directly on their computers. Users can produce blank checks compatible with other software, such as Quickbooks, or generate fully completed checks in one go, incorporating essential details like payee names, amounts, memos, as well as bank routing and account numbers. All checks are automatically recorded in a check register, facilitating straightforward reconciliation of bank statements and report generation. In addition, BatchBuilder, a supplementary feature of CheckBuilderPro, enables users to import payee data from spreadsheets, enhancing the efficiency of batch check printing. Its user-friendly design and time-saving benefits make it a valuable asset that pays for itself after just a single use! By investing in this tool, you can greatly simplify your check printing process and improve your financial management.

You can create checks using either blank check stock or standard paper, providing you with versatile printing options. Customers can receive checks through multiple channels like fax, phone, or email, without the need for specialized toners or magnetic ink. The system allows you to print checks for over a thousand different accounts, making it easy to switch between them with just a click of your mouse. Checks can be printed in both personal and business formats, while also keeping a detailed record of every account, including online debits. By using Instant Check printing software, accepting customer payments via phone, online transactions, faxes, or emails becomes remarkably convenient. This capability allows you to print and immediately deposit your customer's check, eliminating delays typically associated with mail or the need for clients to remember their payment schedules. Instant Check also offers a variety of customization options, enabling you to add your logo, a second signature, or a notice that states "Void after xx days," all while utilizing blank check stock. Additionally, you can unleash your creativity by designing checks with a unique background and printing them on plain paper. Furthermore, you can produce blank checks that only display the magnetic numbers at the bottom, ensuring compatibility with widely-used accounting software such as Quicken, QuickBooks, and Microsoft Money. This holistic approach to check printing guarantees that you have all the essential tools required for smooth and efficient management of your financial transactions. Ultimately, this system simplifies the entire process, making financial oversight more accessible than ever.

This service is perfect for entrepreneurs, accountants, and personal use, supporting various check formats—top, middle, or bottom—recognized by more than 8000 banks and financial institutions. It offers both blank and voided check templates, allowing users to print checks online in just seconds while integrating robust security features to prevent fraud. You can print checks on any template or standard white paper according to your business needs, using a simple drag-and-drop editor that makes the check creation process a breeze. The system also includes automatic detection of counterfeit checks and reliable encoding options that adhere to national banking standards, such as correct positioning of account numbers at the bottom of the checks. Say goodbye to the inconvenience of in-person check deliveries; you can now send checks directly to your clients via email. With the capability to generate an unlimited number of checks without incurring extra costs, all you have to do is enter the necessary information, choose your bank account, and click the generate button. Additionally, a variety of advanced tools are available to simplify the management of your financial transactions, ensuring a smooth and efficient experience every time. This service not only saves time but also enhances the overall efficiency of your financial operations.

VersaCheck™ X1 Silver 2022 allows individuals to create and print customized checks while effectively overseeing their financial transactions. To prioritize the security of both consumers and businesses, VersaCheck.com complies with rigorous government standards. After a quick and easy online verification process lasting just a few minutes, users can print DNA Secure checks that offer both online verification and robust security features. These checks boast intricate, personalized security backgrounds, showcasing beautiful designs that are unique to each one. By utilizing standard multipurpose paper, users can significantly cut expenses by over 90% compared to conventional pre-printed check stock. Almost any type of paper serves as a platform for your tailor-made check designs, accommodating various patterns, images, and colors. Furthermore, this innovative solution enables users to print endorsement areas and security text on the backs of the checks, thereby enhancing their usability. This all-encompassing method not only streamlines the process of check creation but also boosts the security and individuality of financial transactions, creating a more user-friendly experience. Ultimately, VersaCheck X1 Silver empowers users to manage their finances with greater confidence and creativity.

VersaCheck® X1 Gold 2022 allows individuals to create and print customized checks, monitor their financial transactions, and manage both incoming and outgoing payments seamlessly. On the other hand, the gPay Terminal™ provides businesses with the ability to accept gCard debit payments from nearly anywhere. Similar to conventional credit card terminals, merchants can enter their customers' gCard information to finalize sales, all while sidestepping the high fees typically linked with credit card processing. This groundbreaking gPay Terminal™ solution can reduce transaction fees for merchants by over 90%! With VersaCheck's intuitive point-and-click interface, designing personalized checks is incredibly straightforward; simply adhere to the easy on-screen instructions, input your information, and print effortlessly. This streamlined process not only simplifies financial management but also enhances convenience for users, making it an invaluable tool for both individuals and businesses alike.

VersaCheck® X1 Platinum 2022 allows individuals to create and print customized checks while offering a suite of tools for financial management and tracking both incoming and outgoing payments. This innovative software includes features that facilitate the design of business cards, labels, and security/ID badges, supported by an extensive library of over 5,000 graphics, fonts, and templates. Users can either start from scratch with sophisticated design tools or adapt existing templates to meet their specific requirements. The check printing and transaction processing in the United States are conducted in accordance with the regulations established by the Federal Reserve, along with the standards set by the American Bankers Association (ABA), the Check Payment Systems Association (CPSA), and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). VersaCheck adheres to, or even exceeds, all relevant industry and governmental regulations for checks within the United States. By utilizing this software, you can prevent late fees by automating your payment schedule or by receiving timely reminders for bill payments, which helps you maintain control over your financial responsibilities with ease. Managing your finances becomes a hassle-free experience, allowing you to focus on what truly matters in your day-to-day life!

VersaCheck® X9 Gold 2022 allows users to create and print customized checks and drafts for an infinite number of financial accounts, enhancing overall financial oversight. When utilized with VersaCheck® Security Check Paper, the software includes Validation Codes and can be paired with either VersaInk™ MICR black ink cartridges or VersaToner™ MICR black toner cartridges. To ensure compliance with banking regulations, it is recommended to use genuine VersaCheck supplies, which can be found both in stores and online. Users can manage the entire check design and printing process from a single interface, making it easy to print to preferred printers within their network. The software provides significant customization options, enabling users to alter existing templates or craft entirely new check designs from the ground up. Users have the ability to add and adjust logos, shapes, lines, text (with various fonts and sizes), and tables, allowing for a high degree of personalization. Furthermore, the program includes an on-screen preview feature, enabling users to visualize their checks as they are being designed, ensuring a smooth and intuitive experience. This comprehensive tool not only simplifies check creation but also empowers users to maintain a professional financial image.

VersaCheck® X9 Platinum 2022 allows users to create and print customized checks and drafts for countless financial accounts, supporting up to five users at the same time for efficient management of finances. In the U.S., the production and processing of checks must comply with regulations from the Federal Reserve, as well as standards established by organizations like the American Bankers Association (ABA), the Check Payment Systems Association (CPSA), and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). This software not only adheres to these industry and governmental regulations but also exceeds the expectations set forth for check processing in the country. Furthermore, VersaCheck includes a contact management feature that allows users to build and oversee a contact list, import data, and monitor customer interactions while recording date-stamped communications and notes. Users can store an unlimited number of contact details and images, ensuring their customer database is kept secure with password protection. Additionally, the software comes with a payee database that streamlines the management of recurring payments by removing the necessity to re-enter payee data every time a transaction is made. With its comprehensive features, VersaCheck significantly enhances the financial management experience for individuals and businesses alike, making it a powerful tool for those looking to optimize their financial operations. Ultimately, the combination of these functionalities positions VersaCheck as a leader in innovative financial solutions.

VersaCheck® X9 Professional 2022 allows users to create and print custom checks and drafts for countless financial accounts, supporting up to 20 simultaneous users. The Check Mapping Editor feature enables easy mapping of check data to accounting software, while SmartMerge™ efficiently reformats and integrates data into personalized check templates. This functionality ensures that completed checks can be printed in a single operation from nearly any financial or accounting program. With the Enterprise Active Check Server™, an unlimited number of users can work concurrently from different computers, accessing various bank accounts and accounting applications while keeping a synchronized transaction database to track finances and assign unique identifiers to each check. Centralized management of all check creation and printing tasks is possible from a single console, allowing for targeted printing to specific network printers, which streamlines both efficiency and organization in financial management. Furthermore, this all-encompassing system not only simplifies check management but also enhances accessibility for multiple users across diverse platforms, ensuring a seamless user experience. Overall, the capabilities of VersaCheck® X9 Professional 2022 make it an invaluable tool for organizations looking to optimize their financial operations.

DumiCycle has been engineered as an exceptionally effective software tool designed for printing various cheque types from banks around the globe. This cheque writer is customized to fulfill the specific requirements of customers, successfully converting the traditionally laborious and lengthy cheque writing task into a more streamlined, secure, and efficient process that greatly enhances productivity. The DumiSoft cheque printing application, along with its petty cash management features, serves both businesses and individuals worldwide. As an all-encompassing cheque writing solution, DumiCycle integrates robust cash management functionalities. Users can conveniently print their cheques in a single operation using a secure network or a certified laser printer on blank safety cheque paper, enabling on-demand cheque production within a structured and secure environment. Moreover, this cutting-edge software not only simplifies the cheque printing experience but also guarantees that the entire cash management process is executed with the highest level of security and accuracy. With its user-friendly interface and advanced features, DumiCycle stands out as a vital tool for anyone looking to improve their cheque handling efficiency.