List of the Top 10 Layer 1 Protocols for HTX in 2025

NEAR is a cutting-edge open-source framework that simplifies the development of decentralized applications, providing the fastest pathway for creators to launch their projects in the market. Committed to building tools that support community-led progress worldwide, NEAR, developed by Near Inc, aims to integrate blockchain technology into a variety of mainstream uses. By focusing on enhancing both the developer experience and the end-user journey, NEAR delivers a high-performance infrastructure that is accessible to a diverse audience. This platform for decentralized applications is built with a strong emphasis on security, capable of managing critical assets like money and identity, while also ensuring ease of use for everyday activities, thereby empowering users to harness the advantages of the Open Web. The NEAR token economy revolves around the NEAR token, which acts not only as a medium of exchange within the ecosystem but also enables holders to interact with applications, participate in governance, and earn rewards through staking. Ultimately, NEAR is revolutionizing the way individuals engage with blockchain technology by blending exceptional performance with strong security measures. The platform’s innovative architecture encourages ongoing development and engagement, fostering a vibrant ecosystem where creativity and collaboration can thrive.

With transaction fees that are lower than any credit card, exchange rates that surpass those of traditional currencies, and faster confirmation times than most digital payment methods, Bitcoin Diamond emerges as a prominent contender in the realm of digital currencies. This global currency enables users to purchase items from almost any country and have them conveniently delivered to their doorstep, no matter where they reside. Each transaction incurs a cost of less than a penny, eliminating the hassle of currency conversion. Unlike conventional government-supported currencies, which expose your funds to risks such as theft and inflation, Bitcoin Diamond offers a safer alternative. As a fork of the highly regarded Bitcoin blockchain, it maintains a limited supply to help control inflation, ensuring its value over time. Built on a decentralized blockchain, Bitcoin Diamond guarantees manageable inflation, allowing access from anywhere; transactions are validated by a network of computers across the globe, which bolsters its reliability and security. This innovative currency not only caters to the needs of users but also stands as a beacon of financial stability amidst the unpredictability of today's economy, making it an appealing choice for those looking to secure their financial future. Its robust features and global accessibility highlight the potential of Bitcoin Diamond to revolutionize the way we think about money.

We focus on developing technology that ensures smooth financial transactions. As the trailblazers of the first-ever open and permissionless pure proof-of-stake blockchain protocol, we provide vital security, scalability, and decentralization without the necessity of forking, which are essential components for today’s economy. Our award-winning team assists traditional financial institutions as well as decentralized finance businesses in moving towards a space of simplified financial operations. This state-of-the-art technology establishes the foundation for groundbreaking applications, while our advanced smart contract functionalities enable decentralized finance solutions and decentralized applications that can handle billions of users and tens of millions of transactions each day, all at low fees. The Algorand Standard Assets provide customizable blockchain asset solutions on Layer-1, guaranteeing secure transfers and instant settlement for transactions involving multiple parties. This structure allows businesses to adopt decentralized financial practices with confidence, ultimately revolutionizing the finance sector. Furthermore, as we progress, our dedication to improving financial accessibility and operational efficiency is steadfast, ensuring that we remain at the forefront of innovation in this rapidly evolving field.

Flow is a cutting-edge blockchain framework designed to cater to the emerging generation of applications, games, and the digital assets that empower them. With a strong emphasis on providing a smooth user experience, Flow offers a solid groundwork for protocols and applications that can operate on an internet scale. Developed by the team behind CryptoKitties, Flow has been meticulously tested in collaboration with prominent global partners and is now accessible to anyone eager to engage and benefit from its features. Its performance has demonstrated reliability in practical applications, positioning it to foster the creation of solutions that align with user needs. This framework brings forth a simple feature that improves both the quality of software and the efficiency of the development process. Moreover, Flow integrates an intuitive programming language tailored for decentralized applications and digital assets, facilitating secure and clear bug resolutions while allowing for selective upgrades to smart contracts. Engineered for rapidity and effectiveness, Flow guarantees that global finality can be achieved in just seconds, making it an attractive option for developers. The transformative potential of Flow to redefine the digital realm is substantial, inviting visionaries to delve into its extensive capabilities. As the technology continues to evolve, it will likely inspire even more innovative applications and use cases.

Waves is a community-oriented suite of decentralized, open-source technologies aimed at empowering the development of scalable, user-focused applications. It provides an extensive framework for launching successful blockchain games and incorporates an innovative algorithmic price-stable assetization protocol that facilitates the creation of stablecoins tied to various real-world assets, such as national currencies and commodities. As a globally accessible open-source platform for decentralized applications, Waves utilizes a proof-of-stake consensus mechanism that seeks to leverage the benefits of blockchain technology while minimizing its carbon emissions. The versatile technology stack of Waves can be utilized in a broad range of contexts requiring high levels of security and decentralization, including sectors like open finance, personal identification, gaming, and sensitive data management. Moreover, the Waves Association, a non-profit organization located in Berlin, plays a vital role in promoting the development of Waves technologies by advocating for research and education, as well as providing grants to projects that utilize the Waves stack, thereby fostering the sustainability and growth of the ecosystem. This collaborative framework not only bolsters the potential for innovation but also inspires developers to investigate a variety of applications within the dynamic blockchain landscape, ultimately leading to a more diverse and vibrant community.

IOST represents a state-of-the-art blockchain network characterized by its remarkable speed, scalability, and security, driven by a unique consensus mechanism called "Proof of Believability" (PoB). Our dedicated team of experts, backed by prominent investors, strives to establish a robust framework for online platforms that meet the essential requirements of security and scalability in a decentralized economy. The challenges posed by high transaction costs and slow processing times in the Ethereum network have paved the way for innovative alternatives, thereby establishing IOST as a pioneer with its cutting-edge technology since the activation of its mainnet in 2019. IOST's fundamental technology—a decentralized blockchain with the capacity for high throughput—surpasses 37 major competitors, such as EOS and Ethereum, by more than five times, as highlighted by recent evaluations from China's Center for Information and Industry Development. Boasting an impressive block generation time of just 0.5 seconds and the capability to process up to 8,000 transactions per second, developers can confidently build applications on the IOST platform without concerns about performance constraints. This exceptional functionality not only significantly improves the user experience but also expands the potential for groundbreaking applications within the blockchain sector, fostering a vibrant ecosystem for future innovations.

Solana stands out as an incredibly fast, secure, and censorship-resistant blockchain, providing the vital infrastructure necessary for its global adoption. Many leading projects in decentralized finance (DeFi), Web3, and blockchain gaming choose to build on Solana, emphasizing their commitment to sustainability over the long term. With the capability to process an astonishing 50,000 transactions per second, Solana distinguishes itself in the competitive blockchain environment. However, don’t just take our word for it—experience the network's exceptional speed for yourself. Say goodbye to high fees and slow transaction confirmations, as Solana is specifically designed for rapid execution without sacrificing quality. By leveraging Proof of History and other cutting-edge technologies, Solana effectively scales in line with Moore's Law. There’s no need to worry about rising costs as your user base grows; Solana assures consistently low fees, even for apps catering to billions of users. Its integrated global state fosters effortless composability between various projects, thereby removing the obstacles typically associated with multiple shards or layer 2 solutions. Consequently, developers are empowered to concentrate on innovation, free from the constraints of conventional blockchain systems, and can explore new possibilities in their projects without limitations.

At Zilliqa, we leverage our swift, efficient, and economical blockchain technology to transform the digital infrastructure for various communities and industries worldwide. Our primary focus is to deliver a scalable and secure platform specifically designed for developers and businesses looking to build decentralized applications. The pioneering implementation of sharding allows our blockchain to grow in a linear fashion, ensuring that the Zilliqa platform can meet the evolving needs of an expanding ecosystem of miners and applications. In addition, Zilliqa is powered by Scilla, the first smart contract language to undergo peer review, emphasizing security as a foundational element. By incorporating functional programming concepts similar to those found in OCaml, Scilla improves its compatibility with static analysis and formal verification methods. Moreover, Zilliqa's consensus mechanism greatly reduces the environmental footprint of mining operations, as it only requires a minute of mining every 2-3 hours, enabling dual-mining activities with other blockchain networks concurrently. This innovative strategy not only promotes sustainability but also encourages a broader range of users to engage with the platform. Ultimately, our commitment to enhancing blockchain technology is reflected in every facet of Zilliqa's development and operation.

Cardano stands out as a groundbreaking blockchain platform crafted for innovators, changemakers, and visionaries, offering essential tools and technologies that create opportunities for individuals and communities while catalyzing global change. As the pioneer of proof-of-stake blockchain technology, Cardano is grounded in thorough peer-reviewed research and utilizes evidence-based approaches for its evolution. This forward-thinking platform merges sophisticated technologies to provide unparalleled security and sustainability for decentralized applications, systems, and communities. Guided by a reputable team of engineers, Cardano's mission is to empower individuals by redistributing power from unaccountable institutions and paving the way for significant progress and transformation. Furthermore, Cardano aims to restore trust in global systems by developing a more secure, transparent, and sustainable framework for transactions, governance, and enterprise growth. In addition to its focus on innovation, Cardano also emphasizes collaboration and inclusivity, recognizing that collective effort is vital for achieving lasting change. Ultimately, the platform embodies a dedication to applying scientific principles for societal advancement, ensuring that the benefits of progress are shared by all.

Harmony is a high-speed, open blockchain that operates its mainnet to run Ethereum applications with a remarkable two-second response time and fees that are 100 times lower. With secure bridges, Harmony enables seamless cross-chain asset transfers between Ethereum, Binance, and various other networks, fostering a vibrant ecosystem for creators to engage with their communities. Its bridges facilitate connections between both Proof of Work and Proof of Stake chains, ensuring versatility and inclusivity. The FlyClient architecture is designed to be completely trustless and highly gas-efficient, currently safeguarding tens of millions of cross-chain assets from Ethereum and Binance Smart Chain. Developers can easily switch the Chain ID, allowing for swifter execution of EVMs that maintain identical bytecode, simplifying migration to Harmony with their existing Web3 tools. For users, familiar platforms like MetaMask and Ledger remain accessible, and they will benefit from significantly reduced transaction fees. Additionally, any Ethereum portal or wallet can operate on Harmony without requiring code alterations or new installations, making it an attractive option for a broader audience. Overall, Harmony's innovative approach not only enhances performance but also streamlines the user experience across different blockchain environments.