List of the Top Data Science Software in 2025 - Page 3

Data Science Virtual Machines (DSVMs) are customized images of Azure Virtual Machines that are pre-loaded with a diverse set of crucial tools designed for tasks involving data analytics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence training. They provide a consistent environment for teams, enhancing collaboration and sharing while taking full advantage of Azure's robust management capabilities. With a rapid setup time, these VMs offer a completely cloud-based desktop environment oriented towards data science applications, enabling swift and seamless initiation of both in-person classes and online training sessions. Users can engage in analytics operations across all Azure hardware configurations, which allows for both vertical and horizontal scaling to meet varying demands. The pricing model is flexible, as you are only charged for the resources that you actually use, making it a budget-friendly option. Moreover, GPU clusters are readily available, pre-configured with deep learning tools to accelerate project development. The VMs also come equipped with examples, templates, and sample notebooks validated by Microsoft, showcasing a spectrum of functionalities that include neural networks using popular frameworks such as PyTorch and TensorFlow, along with data manipulation using R, Python, Julia, and SQL Server. In addition, these resources cater to a broad range of applications, empowering users to embark on sophisticated data science endeavors with minimal setup time and effort involved. This tailored approach significantly reduces barriers for newcomers while promoting innovation and experimentation in the field of data science.

Intel® Tiber™ AI Studio is a comprehensive machine learning operating system that aims to simplify and integrate the development process for artificial intelligence. This powerful platform supports a wide variety of AI applications and includes a hybrid multi-cloud architecture that accelerates the creation of ML pipelines, as well as model training and deployment. Featuring built-in Kubernetes orchestration and a meta-scheduler, Tiber™ AI Studio offers exceptional adaptability for managing resources in both cloud and on-premises settings. Additionally, its scalable MLOps framework enables data scientists to experiment, collaborate, and automate their machine learning workflows effectively, all while ensuring optimal and economical resource usage. This cutting-edge methodology not only enhances productivity but also cultivates a synergistic environment for teams engaged in AI initiatives. With Tiber™ AI Studio, users can expect to leverage advanced tools that facilitate innovation and streamline their AI project development.

Machine learning uncovers hidden patterns and important insights within company data, ultimately providing substantial benefits to organizations. Oracle Machine Learning simplifies the creation and implementation of machine learning models for data scientists by reducing data movement, integrating AutoML capabilities, and making deployment more straightforward. This improvement enhances the productivity of both data scientists and developers while also shortening the learning curve, thanks to the intuitive Apache Zeppelin notebook technology built on open source principles. These notebooks support various programming languages such as SQL, PL/SQL, Python, and markdown tailored for Oracle Autonomous Database, allowing users to work with their preferred programming languages while developing models. In addition, a no-code interface that utilizes AutoML on the Autonomous Database makes it easier for both data scientists and non-experts to take advantage of powerful in-database algorithms for tasks such as classification and regression analysis. Moreover, data scientists enjoy a hassle-free model deployment experience through the integrated Oracle Machine Learning AutoML User Interface, facilitating a seamless transition from model development to practical application. This comprehensive strategy not only enhances operational efficiency but also makes machine learning accessible to a wider range of users within the organization, fostering a culture of data-driven decision-making. By leveraging these tools, businesses can maximize their data assets and drive innovation.

Embark on a comprehensive journey of crafting machine learning algorithms and predicting outcomes with remarkable ease in just one click. It's important to recognize that not every dataset is ideal for machine learning applications; utilize the Data Dialog to seamlessly enhance your data without the need for tedious file edits. Share your prediction reports effortlessly with your team or opt for public access, enabling anyone to interact with your model and produce their own forecasts. Through our intuitive low-code API, you can incorporate dynamic ML predictions directly into your applications. Evaluate important metrics such as willingness to pay, assess potential leads, and conduct various analyses in real-time. Obviously AI provides cutting-edge algorithms while ensuring high performance throughout the process. Accurately project revenue, optimize supply chain management, and customize marketing strategies according to specific consumer needs. With a simple CSV upload or a swift integration with your preferred data sources, you can easily choose your prediction column from a user-friendly dropdown and observe as the AI is automatically built for you. Furthermore, benefit from beautifully designed visual representations of predicted results, pinpoint key influencers, and delve into "what-if" scenarios to gain insights into possible future outcomes. This revolutionary approach not only enhances your data interaction but also elevates the standard for predictive analytics in your organization.

Visplore transforms the challenging task of analyzing extensive and messy time series data into a straightforward and highly effective process. This innovation is particularly beneficial for process specialists, research and development engineers, quality assurance managers, industry advisors, and anyone who has faced the burdensome job of preparing intricate measurement data. Understanding your data is crucial for realizing its potential value, and Visplore provides user-friendly tools that help you rapidly uncover correlations, patterns, trends, and additional insights like never before. The process of cleansing and annotating data is what distinguishes valuable information from worthless noise. Within Visplore, you can manage dirty data—such as outliers, anomalies, and alterations in processes—as effortlessly as you would with a drawing application. Moreover, seamless integrations with Python, R, Matlab, and various other data sources make incorporating Visplore into existing workflows remarkably easy. The platform maintains impressive performance even when handling millions of data records, enabling users to engage in unexpectedly innovative analyses, which can lead to groundbreaking discoveries. Ultimately, Visplore empowers users to focus on deriving insights rather than getting bogged down in data preparation.

A significant challenge in enhancing AI-fueled decision-making is the insufficient use of available data. IBM Cloud Pak® for Data offers an integrated platform featuring a data fabric that facilitates easy connection and access to disparate data, regardless of whether it is stored on-premises or in multiple cloud settings, all without the need to move the data. It optimizes data accessibility by automatically detecting and categorizing data to deliver useful knowledge assets to users, while also enforcing automated policies to ensure secure data utilization. To accelerate insight generation, this platform includes a state-of-the-art cloud data warehouse that integrates seamlessly with current systems. Additionally, it enforces universal data privacy and usage policies across all data sets, ensuring ongoing compliance. By utilizing a high-performance cloud data warehouse, businesses can achieve insights more swiftly. The platform also provides data scientists, developers, and analysts with an all-encompassing interface to build, deploy, and manage dependable AI models across various cloud infrastructures. Furthermore, you can enhance your analytical capabilities with Netezza, which is a powerful data warehouse optimized for performance and efficiency. This holistic strategy not only expedites decision-making processes but also encourages innovation across diverse industries, ultimately leading to more effective solutions and improved outcomes.

Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Data Flow is an all-encompassing managed service designed for Apache Spark, allowing users to run processing tasks on vast amounts of data without the hassle of infrastructure deployment or management. By leveraging this service, developers can accelerate application delivery, focusing on app development rather than infrastructure issues. OCI Data Flow takes care of infrastructure provisioning, network configurations, and teardown once Spark jobs are complete, managing storage and security as well to greatly minimize the effort involved in creating and maintaining Spark applications for extensive data analysis. Additionally, with OCI Data Flow, the absence of clusters that need to be installed, patched, or upgraded leads to significant time savings and lower operational costs for various initiatives. Each Spark job utilizes private dedicated resources, eliminating the need for prior capacity planning. This results in organizations being able to adopt a pay-as-you-go pricing model, incurring costs solely for the infrastructure used during Spark job execution. Such a forward-thinking approach not only simplifies processes but also significantly boosts scalability and flexibility for applications driven by data. Ultimately, OCI Data Flow empowers businesses to unlock the full potential of their data processing capabilities while minimizing overhead.

IBM Analytics for Apache Spark presents a flexible and integrated Spark service that empowers data scientists to address ambitious and intricate questions while speeding up the realization of business objectives. This accessible, always-on managed service eliminates the need for long-term commitments or associated risks, making immediate exploration possible. Experience the benefits of Apache Spark without the concerns of vendor lock-in, backed by IBM's commitment to open-source solutions and vast enterprise expertise. With integrated Notebooks acting as a bridge, the coding and analytical process becomes streamlined, allowing you to concentrate more on achieving results and encouraging innovation. Furthermore, this managed Apache Spark service simplifies access to advanced machine learning libraries, mitigating the difficulties, time constraints, and risks that often come with independently overseeing a Spark cluster. Consequently, teams can focus on their analytical targets and significantly boost their productivity, ultimately driving better decision-making and strategic growth.

SAS Visual Statistics fosters collaborative data exploration, allowing multiple users to interactively create and refine predictive models. Data scientists and statisticians can apply the most appropriate analytical techniques to derive insights at an intricate level. As a result, insights can be discovered at impressive speeds, leading to new revenue growth opportunities. This platform permits the construction and optimization of models targeted at specific demographics or segments, while simultaneously exploring various scenarios. Such capabilities motivate users to raise numerous what-if questions to improve outcomes. Moreover, results can be operationalized through automatically generated score code, streamlining application processes. Users can visually manipulate the data by adding or modifying variables, removing outliers, and more, which enables them to instantly evaluate how changes affect the model's predictive accuracy, facilitating rapid adjustments. Data science teams benefit from the flexibility of working in their preferred programming languages, thereby maximizing their skill set. Ultimately, SAS Visual Statistics unifies all analytical resources into a holistic solution for data-driven decision-making. This integration creates an environment that nurtures innovation and expands the horizons of data analysis, enabling teams to push the limits of their analytical capabilities. Furthermore, the collaborative features of the platform enhance teamwork and knowledge sharing among users, driving better results through collective expertise.

SAS® Viya® presents a powerful and adaptable analytics platform that is highly efficient and straightforward to implement, empowering organizations to tackle various business challenges effectively. The platform automatically generates insights that assist in identifying the most commonly utilized variables in all models, showcasing essential variables chosen alongside evaluation results for each model. The inclusion of natural language generation allows for the creation of project summaries in clear language, making it easier for users to understand reports. Furthermore, analytics team members can improve the insights report by adding project notes, which fosters enhanced communication and collaboration within the team. SAS also supports the integration of open-source code into analyses, enabling users to seamlessly incorporate open-source algorithms within its framework. This adaptability promotes collaboration across the organization, as users can code in their language of choice. Additionally, users can take advantage of SAS Deep Learning with Python (DLPy), an open-source package accessible on GitHub, to further amplify their analytical capabilities. With the combination of these features, businesses can greatly improve their data-driven decision-making processes while fostering a more collaborative analytical environment. Overall, SAS Viya not only enhances efficiency but also encourages innovation within data analysis practices.

Effectively uncover emerging trends and patterns by accessing, analyzing, and manipulating data. SAS Visual Data Science offers a comprehensive self-service platform that facilitates the creation and sharing of insightful visualizations along with interactive reports. By utilizing machine learning, text analytics, and econometric methods, users can improve forecasting and optimization abilities while managing both SAS and open-source models, whether within projects or as standalone entities. This tool is essential for visualizing relationships within data, enabling users to generate and share interactive reports and dashboards, and leveraging self-service analytics to swiftly assess potential outcomes for more informed, data-driven choices. Engage in data exploration and build or modify predictive analytical models using this integrated solution with SAS® Viya®. Promoting collaboration among data scientists, statisticians, and analysts allows teams to continuously refine models designed for specific segments or groups, resulting in decisions grounded in accurate insights. This collaborative framework not only boosts model precision but also significantly speeds up the overall decision-making process, ultimately driving better business outcomes. Additionally, the ability to quickly iterate on models fosters an environment of innovation and adaptability, ensuring that strategies remain relevant in a rapidly changing landscape.

Develop and oversee large-scale decision-making processes driven by data, whether in real-time or batch formats. The SAS Data Science Programming approach is tailored for data scientists who prefer a comprehensive programmatic style, enabling them to engage with SAS's analytical tools throughout the full analytics life cycle, which includes stages like data preparation, exploration, and deployment. Identify and illustrate crucial patterns in datasets, which facilitates the generation and sharing of interactive reports and dashboards. Furthermore, utilize self-service analytics to quickly assess potential outcomes, empowering organizations to make well-informed, data-driven choices. Work with your data to create or adjust predictive analytical models using the SAS® Viya® platform. This collaborative framework encourages data scientists, statisticians, and analysts to unite in refining their models iteratively across different segments, ultimately bolstering decision-making grounded in dependable insights. Address complex analytical problems through an intuitive visual interface that adeptly manages all facets of the analytics life cycle, ensuring users can navigate challenges with both ease and accuracy. By adopting this methodology, organizations can significantly improve their strategic decision-making capabilities and drive better overall performance in their operations. Emphasizing collaboration and innovation within analytics will lead to more agile responses to rapidly changing market conditions.

Integrating analytics into real-time interactions and event-driven features is essential for modern decision-making. The SAS Visual Data Science Decisioning suite boasts robust functionalities in data management, visualization, advanced analytics, and model governance. By enabling the crafting, integration, and oversight of analytically driven decision processes at scale, it significantly improves decision-making whether in real-time scenarios or through batch processing. Moreover, it supports the deployment of analytics directly within the data stream, allowing users to extract critical insights with ease. Complex analytical challenges can be addressed using an intuitive visual interface that effectively manages every phase of the analytics lifecycle. Operating on the SAS® Viya® platform, SAS Visual Data Mining and Machine Learning combines data manipulation, exploration, feature development, and state-of-the-art statistical, data mining, and machine learning techniques within a single, scalable in-memory processing environment. Users benefit from the ability to access data files, libraries, and existing scripts or to create new ones through this web-based application, which is easily reachable via any browser, thus fostering greater flexibility and collaboration among teams. With its comprehensive toolset, organizations can not only enhance their analytical capabilities but also streamline the decision-making process across various business functions.

Hex combines essential elements of notebooks, business intelligence, and documentation into a seamless and collaborative interface, positioning itself as a modern Data Workspace. It simplifies the integration with diverse data sources and facilitates collaborative analysis through SQL and Python notebooks, allowing users to present their insights as interactive applications and narratives. Upon entering Hex, users are directed to the Projects page, which serves as the primary hub for accessing personal and shared projects within the workspace. The outline feature delivers a concise summary of all cells present in a project's Logic View, with each cell clearly labeled with the variables it contains. Additionally, cells that generate visible outcomes—like chart cells, input parameters, and markdown cells—offer previews of their outputs. By selecting any cell from the outline, users can quickly jump to that precise point in the logic, significantly improving workflow efficiency. This capability not only streamlines collaboration but also enhances the overall experience of data exploration, making it accessible to users of varying expertise. Overall, Hex fosters an environment where teamwork and data-driven decision-making thrive.

Effortlessly toggle between command and editor modes with a single keystroke while using arrow keys to navigate through cells. Utilize the full range of standard Jupyter shortcuts to create a more seamless workflow. Enjoy the benefit of interactive outputs displayed immediately below the cell, improving visibility and comprehension. While working on code cells, take advantage of smart code suggestions, real-time error detection, quick-fix features, and efficient navigation, among other helpful tools. You can work with local Jupyter notebooks or easily connect to remote Jupyter, JupyterHub, or JupyterLab servers straight from the IDE. Execute Python scripts or any expressions interactively in a Python Console, allowing you to see outputs and variable states as they change. Divide your Python scripts into code cells using the #%% separator, which enables you to run them sequentially like in a traditional Jupyter notebook. Furthermore, delve into DataFrames and visual displays in real time with interactive controls, while benefiting from extensive support for a variety of popular Python scientific libraries, such as Plotly, Bokeh, Altair, and ipywidgets, among others, ensuring a thorough data analysis process. This robust integration not only streamlines your workflow but also significantly boosts your coding productivity. As you navigate this environment, you'll find that the combination of features enhances your overall coding experience.

NVIDIA Merlin provides data scientists, machine learning engineers, and researchers with an array of tools designed to develop scalable and high-performance recommendation systems. This suite encompasses libraries, methodologies, and various tools that streamline the construction of recommenders by addressing common challenges such as preprocessing, feature engineering, training, inference, and production deployment. The optimized components within Merlin enhance the retrieval, filtering, scoring, and organization of extensive data sets, which can often amount to hundreds of terabytes, all accessible through intuitive APIs. By utilizing Merlin, users can achieve better predictions, higher click-through rates, and faster deployment in production environments, making it a vital resource for industry professionals. As an integral part of NVIDIA AI, Merlin showcases the company's commitment to supporting innovative practitioners in their endeavors. Additionally, this all-encompassing solution is designed to integrate effortlessly with existing recommender systems that utilize data science and machine learning techniques, ensuring that users can effectively build upon their current workflows. Moreover, the focus on user experience and efficiency makes Merlin not just a tool, but a transformative platform for developing advanced recommender systems.

Zerve uniquely merges the benefits of a notebook with the capabilities of an integrated development environment (IDE), empowering professionals to analyze data while writing dependable code, all backed by a comprehensive cloud infrastructure. This groundbreaking platform transforms the data science development landscape, offering teams dedicated to data science and machine learning a unified space to investigate, collaborate, build, and launch their AI initiatives more effectively than ever before. With its advanced capabilities, Zerve guarantees true language interoperability, allowing users to fluidly incorporate Python, R, SQL, or Markdown within a single workspace, which enhances the integration of different code segments. By facilitating unlimited parallel processing throughout the development cycle, Zerve effectively removes the headaches associated with slow code execution and unwieldy containers. In addition, any artifacts produced during the analytical process are automatically serialized, versioned, stored, and maintained, simplifying the modification of any step in the data pipeline without requiring a reprocessing of previous phases. The platform also allows users to have precise control over computing resources and additional memory, which is critical for executing complex data transformations effectively. As a result, data science teams are able to significantly boost their workflow efficiency, streamline project management, and ultimately drive faster innovation in their AI solutions. In this way, Zerve stands out as an essential tool for modern data science endeavors.

Gain a deeper understanding of how users interact with your product while identifying potential growth opportunities that can shape your product strategy. Mode empowers a single Stitch analyst to perform tasks that usually necessitate an entire data team by providing fast, flexible, and collaborative tools. You can design dashboards that monitor yearly revenue and employ chart visualizations to swiftly identify irregularities. Produce meticulously designed reports for investors or improve teamwork by sharing your analyses across various departments. By integrating your entire technology framework with Mode, you can reveal upstream issues and boost overall efficiency. Speed up collaborative efforts across teams through the use of APIs and webhooks. Through the examination of user engagement, you can pinpoint areas ripe for improvement that aid in refining your product strategies. Furthermore, leverage insights gleaned from both marketing and product data to tackle weaknesses in your sales funnel, enhance landing page effectiveness, and predict potential churn before it happens, thus ensuring that proactive strategies are deployed. This comprehensive approach not only enhances your product but also fosters a culture of continuous improvement within your organization.

Two complementary resources come together in one comprehensive platform. The open-source KNIME Analytics Platform is designed for crafting data science solutions, while the commercial KNIME Server is dedicated to executing those solutions effectively. KNIME Analytics Platform serves as an accessible tool for creating data-driven insights, being intuitive and continuously updated with new features. This makes the process of developing data science workflows straightforward and efficient. On the other hand, KNIME Server provides robust enterprise software that enhances collaboration among teams, facilitates automation, and manages data science workflows, including the deployment and oversight of analytical applications and services. Additionally, non-expert users can engage with the platform through KNIME WebPortal and REST APIs, further broadening its accessibility. The KNIME Analytics Platform also supports various extensions, allowing users to maximize their data capabilities, with some extensions developed by KNIME itself and others contributed by community members or trusted partners. Furthermore, the platform offers multiple integrations with a range of open-source projects, enhancing its utility and versatility in data science endeavors.

The Databricks Data Intelligence Platform empowers every individual within your organization to effectively utilize data and artificial intelligence. Built on a lakehouse architecture, it creates a unified and transparent foundation for comprehensive data management and governance, further enhanced by a Data Intelligence Engine that identifies the unique attributes of your data. Organizations that thrive across various industries will be those that effectively harness the potential of data and AI. Spanning a wide range of functions from ETL processes to data warehousing and generative AI, Databricks simplifies and accelerates the achievement of your data and AI aspirations. By integrating generative AI with the synergistic benefits of a lakehouse, Databricks energizes a Data Intelligence Engine that understands the specific semantics of your data. This capability allows the platform to automatically optimize performance and manage infrastructure in a way that is customized to the requirements of your organization. Moreover, the Data Intelligence Engine is designed to recognize the unique terminology of your business, making the search and exploration of new data as easy as asking a question to a peer, thereby enhancing collaboration and efficiency. This progressive approach not only reshapes how organizations engage with their data but also cultivates a culture of informed decision-making and deeper insights, ultimately leading to sustained competitive advantages.

The Alteryx AI Platform is set to usher in a revolutionary era of analytics. By leveraging automated data preparation, AI-driven analytics, and accessible machine learning combined with built-in governance, your organization can thrive in a data-centric environment. This marks the beginning of a new chapter in data-driven decision-making for all users, teams, and processes involved. Equip your team with a user-friendly experience that makes it simple for everyone to develop analytical solutions that enhance both productivity and efficiency. Foster a culture of analytics by utilizing a comprehensive cloud analytics platform that enables the transformation of data into actionable insights through self-service data preparation, machine learning, and AI-generated findings. Implementing top-tier security standards and certifications is essential for mitigating risks and safeguarding your data. Furthermore, the use of open API standards facilitates seamless integration with your data sources and applications. This interconnectedness enhances collaboration and drives innovation within your organization.

We develop, manage, and implement predictive software solutions that utilize advanced data science and machine learning methodologies. Our software offerings are tailored for major e-commerce companies and retail chains, using machine learning techniques to forecast sales and improve inventory distribution in both stores and warehouses. Moreover, we provide a customized product recommendation system for online retailers that employs real-time Bayesian networks to deliver tailored product suggestions to visitors shopping on e-commerce platforms. In addition, we have created an automated pricing recommendation tool that enhances profitability by examining statistical models related to price and demand elasticity. Our services also encompass an API that identifies the most efficient routes for batch picking in a retailer's warehouse, leveraging sophisticated shortest path graph algorithms to enhance operational efficiency. Through these cutting-edge solutions, we strive to empower businesses to effectively address their customers' demands while optimizing their overall operations, ensuring they stay competitive in a rapidly evolving market. Ultimately, our goal is to foster innovation that drives success for our clients.

Streamline the extraction of IoT data, develop AI solutions for the shop floor, and visualize key performance indicators (KPIs) effectively. Oversee a network of decentralized and compact data pods, each operating autonomously and equipped with robust analytics infrastructure. The adaptable storage capacity enables the creation of numerous pods in various sizes to suit your needs. Throughout a seamless data journey, you can gather, analyze, and visualize data effortlessly. Raw data can be sourced from various inputs, including IoT routers and the internet. Instantly produce reports and design custom infographics directly from your browser, enhancing accessibility and usability. By leveraging the capabilities of tools like VS Code, Observable, and TablePlus, you can develop interactive data science workbooks that facilitate deeper insights. Furthermore, you can monitor current and previous processes in real-time while automating package loads all the way to reporting, thereby improving operational efficiency and decision-making. This comprehensive approach not only enhances productivity but also supports strategic planning and execution.

AI Cloud embodies a cutting-edge approach aimed at addressing the contemporary needs, obstacles, and opportunities presented by artificial intelligence. This all-encompassing platform serves as a unified repository of information, accelerating the journey of implementing AI solutions across organizations of varying scales. Participants enjoy a synergistic environment that is specifically designed for continual improvements throughout every phase of the AI lifecycle. The AI Catalog streamlines the tasks of finding, sharing, labeling, and repurposing data, which not only speeds up deployment but also promotes collaboration among users. This catalog guarantees that individuals can readily access pertinent data to tackle business challenges while upholding rigorous standards of security, compliance, and uniformity. If your database is governed by a network policy that limits access to certain IP addresses, it is advisable to contact Support to acquire a list of IPs that should be whitelisted to facilitate seamless operations. Moreover, utilizing AI Cloud can greatly enhance your organization's capacity for innovation and agility in an ever-changing technological environment, enabling it to stay ahead of the curve. Embracing these capabilities can ultimately lead to more efficient processes and improved outcomes in various business endeavors.

Elevate your scientific research capabilities and empower your R&D team with a centralized cloud-based data solution. The Tetra R&D Data Cloud integrates a uniquely cloud-native platform tailored for global pharmaceutical companies with an extensive and rapidly expanding network of Life Sciences integrations, alongside a wealth of industry knowledge, to deliver a powerful tool for maximizing your essential resource: R&D data. This comprehensive platform manages the full spectrum of your R&D data lifecycle, enhancing processes from initial acquisition through harmonization, engineering, and analysis, while ensuring native compatibility with the latest data science technologies. It embraces a vendor-neutral strategy, featuring established integrations that facilitate effortless connections to various instruments, analytics and informatics software, and ELN/LIMS and CRO/CDMOs. By merging data acquisition, management, harmonization, integration/engineering, and data science functionalities into a single, unified platform, it alleviates the intricacies associated with R&D operations. This integrated approach not only refines workflows but also paves the way for groundbreaking innovations and discoveries, significantly enhancing the potential for scientific advancement in the industry.