List of the Top SaaS Layer 1 Protocols in 2025 - Page 5

Holochain is an open-source framework designed for decentralized peer-to-peer applications that leverages localized trust circles to maintain data integrity without centralized oversight. By incorporating existing technologies, it capitalizes on the advantages of blockchain, enabling users to manage their own data and fostering accountability amongst peers through a decentralized database. This platform serves as a viable alternative to the dominant centralized models of the Internet, granting individuals the tools to make informed decisions and access trustworthy information, a concept we define as 'digital agency,' which we believe empowers collaboration in addressing today's complex challenges. Moreover, Holochain facilitates effortless integration with other applications, functioning as if they were native to your code, thus eliminating the necessity for an HTTP client and allowing for direct function calls with customizable access controls. The architecture of Holochain allows computation and data to operate at the network's periphery, alleviating users of the burdens associated with infrastructure upkeep and security management. Additionally, the system is engineered to dynamically adapt to disruptions and threats, positioning it as a resilient solution for modern demands. Ultimately, this groundbreaking approach fosters a more robust and user-centric digital environment while paving the way for future innovations that can respond to the evolving landscape of technology.

Hedera is overseen by some of the most esteemed organizations worldwide. As the foremost enterprise-grade public network, Hedera allows you to mold your digital ecosystem according to your aspirations. Its native cryptocurrency, HBAR, is crafted for energy efficiency and serves as the backbone of a decentralized economy. No matter if you are a new startup, a well-established business, a digital creator, or an end-user, Hedera equips developers with advanced tools that transcend conventional blockchain technology, setting the stage for a new era of swift, fair, and secure applications. While Bitcoin paved the way for decentralized systems and Ethereum brought programmability to the forefront, earlier proof-of-work blockchains struggled with considerable drawbacks, including excessive energy consumption and slower transaction speeds to uphold security measures. This high energy requirement often leads to expensive fees, even for simple cryptocurrency transactions. In sharp contrast, Hedera's proof-of-stake public network leverages hashgraph consensus to provide a remarkable level of security known as Asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerance (ABFT). This cutting-edge methodology not only bolsters transaction efficiency but also plays a vital role in fostering a sustainable future for digital finance, ensuring that technology and environmental responsibility can coexist harmoniously.

IOTA has transformed the landscape of distributed ledger technology by enabling secure transactions for both data and value without any associated fees. Its Tangle architecture represents an open, feeless, and highly scalable distributed ledger, allowing for the effortless transfer of data and value. As the first distributed ledger specifically designed for the "Internet of Everything," IOTA facilitates efficient interactions between humans and machines. Unlike conventional systems that rely on blocks or miners, initiating a transaction in IOTA requires the validation of two preceding transactions, showcasing an innovative method that overcomes the cost and scalability issues commonly linked to blockchain technology. Tailored for the Internet of Things, the IOTA network guarantees tamper-proof data integrity, supports feeless microtransactions, and operates with minimal resource needs. In the healthcare sector, where electronic health (eHealth) data is vital, IOTA significantly bolsters the security of this information while creating opportunities for novel healthcare delivery models. By providing robust technology, IOTA ensures that eHealth data is not only secure but also trustworthy, due to the immutable characteristics of the Tangle. This reliability ultimately serves to enhance the experience for both patients and healthcare providers, paving the way for improved health outcomes and greater efficiency in care delivery. Furthermore, the integration of IOTA into healthcare systems could lead to more personalized and responsive patient care, adapting to the needs of individuals in real-time.

Ardor functions as a multichain blockchain platform distinguished by its unique architecture, which includes both parent and child chains. The parent chain of Ardor is responsible for safeguarding the overall network, while the child chains offer a wide range of features that enhance interoperability among various systems. This advanced framework, along with its flexible user permissioning options, delivers the necessary adaptability for a variety of applications, thereby fostering greater adoption of blockchain technology. Furthermore, Ardor prioritizes scalability, effectively tackling several prevalent issues in the industry, such as blockchain bloat, dependence on a singular token model, and the need for customizable yet harmonious blockchain solutions. Notably, Ardor not only addresses these challenges but also provides an environment conducive to innovation and growth, making it a highly attractive option for developers and enterprises seeking to leverage blockchain technology. In summary, Ardor stands as a noteworthy milestone in the progression of blockchain platforms, illustrating its potential to revolutionize how businesses operate in a digital landscape.

ConsenSys Quorum enables enterprises to leverage Ethereum's potential for their advanced blockchain solutions. Organizations can adopt the Quorum open-source framework as a base, further enriched by product modules from ConsenSys, third-party vendors, or their own developers to craft highly efficient and customized applications. Our mission is to ensure a seamless adoption of blockchain technology within business frameworks. In addition, ConsenSys Quorum promotes the integration of various product components from ConsenSys, independent developers, or internal teams to build optimal and adaptable applications. The platform consists of two open-source projects: one derived from Hyperledger Besu and another from GoQuorum. Moreover, ConsenSys Quorum Blockchain Service Support presents a subscription-based model that offers on-demand assistance for both developers and businesses, providing support for projects based on the Quorum open-source protocol, alongside additional tools and updates to maintain the effective performance of production systems. This extensive support is crafted to enhance user interactions while maximizing the capabilities of blockchain technology across a range of applications, ultimately fostering innovation and efficiency in business processes.

DeSo is an innovative layer-1 blockchain specifically crafted to foster the development of decentralized social applications, aspiring to connect with a billion users. Social media platforms generate enormous volumes of data, yet existing blockchain technologies often fail to effectively manage and organize this information. By focusing on a significantly untapped area within the blockchain realm—Social Media—DeSo has been thoughtfully designed to meet this critical need. All elements, including code and data, are fully open-source, ensuring that every piece of content is directly stored on-chain. So, what makes DeSo a preferred choice? The answer lies in its unparalleled scalability. It is the only blockchain uniquely designed to facilitate the growth of decentralized social platforms. Additionally, the DeSo blockchain incorporates its own native cryptocurrency, $DESO, which serves multiple purposes such as purchasing social tokens, acquiring NFTs, creating profiles and posts, and even rewarding users with "diamonds." This multifaceted functionality enhances the overall attractiveness of DeSo, establishing it as a holistic platform for social engagement on the blockchain. In a world increasingly driven by digital interaction, DeSo stands ready to redefine how we connect and share.

The Cronos PoS Chain functions as a public, open-source, and permissionless blockchain, distinguished by its fully decentralized structure that ensures fast transaction processing and low fees, which collectively foster the broad acceptance of blockchain technology across multiple domains such as payments, decentralized finance, and non-fungible tokens. Moreover, this network is designed to act as a public utility, enabling creative applications that meet the needs of various users and sectors, thereby enhancing its versatility and encouraging further exploration of its capabilities.

Ergo pioneers state-of-the-art cryptographic technologies and progressive decentralized finance (DeFi) functionalities, building upon a solid foundation forged through over a decade of blockchain research and development. By harnessing ten years of advancements in blockchain, Ergo fuses established principles with cutting-edge academic contributions in areas like cryptography, consensus protocols, and digital currencies. We emphasize the core tenets of blockchain while seamlessly incorporating sophisticated cryptographic elements into our architecture. Our team brings a wealth of experience from the fundamental development of various cryptocurrencies and blockchain solutions, including Nxt, Scorex, and Waves, and our agile approach allows us to quickly respond to new features and industry requirements. This dedication to continuous improvement guarantees that we stay at the leading edge of technological progress in the blockchain sector, effectively shaping the future of decentralized finance and security. As we move forward, our commitment to integrating advanced technologies will only strengthen our position in the ever-evolving landscape of digital assets.

As we navigate a world increasingly dominated by digital solutions, traditional currencies are often perceived as antiquated and inefficient. Currently, cash transactions can prove to be more economical compared to the fees associated with services like banks, PayPal, and Alipay. Enter COTI, a groundbreaking fintech platform tailored for enterprises, which empowers businesses to develop personalized payment solutions while converting any currency into a digital form to streamline processes and reduce expenses. Capable of processing over 100,000 transactions per second (TPS), COTI vastly exceeds the capabilities of traditional payment systems that manage only 25,000 TPS and typical blockchain networks that handle around 20 TPS. The user and merchant tools offered by COTI are crafted for easy integration and user-friendliness. Furthermore, COTI introduces a pioneering dispute resolution mechanism that safeguards users against errors, fraud, and exploitation from their counterparts. By cutting out intermediaries and eliminating costly mining operations, COTI significantly lowers both financial and energy expenditures. The company is also focused on developing technology for price stability, which is essential for fostering the widespread acceptance of blockchain in payment systems. Thanks to COTI's sophisticated technology, transactions, peer-to-peer payments, and remittances can be completed almost instantly, rather than requiring several hours, thereby improving overall user experience and satisfaction. This transformation in payment processing not only enhances efficiency but also positions COTI as a pivotal player in the evolving landscape of financial transactions, paving the way for future innovations in the industry.

DERO stands out as a pioneering decentralized application platform that focuses on privacy, scalability, and versatile functionality, allowing developers to build powerful applications while giving users full control and confidentiality over their assets. The platform ensures that account balances and data remain encrypted, granting access solely to the account owners, marking a revolutionary advancement in data privacy. Crafted entirely in Golang, DERO is a unique creation rather than a derivative of any other cryptocurrency and is actively developed by its original team. Its innovative homomorphic encryption protocol serves both individual users and businesses worldwide, enabling swift and anonymous transactions alongside smart contract functionalities and various service models. The DERO Project is committed to cultivating a secure environment where developers can deploy decentralized applications that emphasize privacy and scalability. By prioritizing security and confidentiality, DERO distinguishes itself in the competitive blockchain arena while fostering new opportunities for users who seek high performance coupled with privacy in their digital activities. This unique combination of features not only enhances the user experience but also encourages broader adoption of blockchain technologies across different sectors.

Bitcoin Gold (BTG) is a cryptocurrency that builds on Bitcoin's foundational principles, opting for standard GPUs for mining instead of specialized ASIC hardware. This transition towards GPU mining promotes a more decentralized mining ecosystem, empowering individuals around the world instead of consolidating control within a few large ASIC operators. By encouraging broader participation, BTG seeks to recapture the original network dynamics that Bitcoin enjoyed during its formative period. Additionally, Bitcoin Gold incorporates the Lightning Network, enabling swift transactions capable of processing virtually limitless payments per second. This integration exemplifies a robust "second layer" solution that operates above the primary blockchain, resulting in enhanced efficiency. The emergence of second layers and side chains allows for innovative technologies, such as smart contracts, to function at impressive speeds while leveraging the security provided by the BTG mainchain. Moreover, BTG maintains compatibility with essential Bitcoin features like SegWit and the Lightning Network, while sidestepping the resource demands linked to Bitcoin mining and the race for acknowledgment as the "true Bitcoin." In this way, BTG not only enriches the cryptocurrency landscape but also fosters a more inclusive and accessible mining environment, which is vital for the future of digital currencies. Ultimately, the unique attributes of BTG position it as a significant player within the broader crypto ecosystem.

Seele utilizes an advanced anti-ASIC MPoW algorithm and incorporates Seele Sharding Technology, which allows its main-net to achieve an impressive throughput of 2000 transactions per second, serving as an initial standard with the potential to expand as user demand increases. Furthermore, Seele provides complete compatibility with EVM-based smart contracts. The unique MPoW (Matrix-Proof-of-Work) consensus mechanism, an innovative creation from SeeleTech, is embedded in the Seele main-net. In contrast to conventional PoW systems, MPoW compels miners to compute the determinants of sub-matrices derived from a matrix constructed from n hashes, moving beyond the reliance on straightforward brute-force hashing to meet targets. This intricate multi-step approach effectively reduces the chances of ASIC and GPU monopolization, fostering a more balanced mining atmosphere. Consequently, the architecture of Seele not only boosts its operational efficiency but also reinforces the decentralization of its overall network, thereby ensuring a fairer participation from all miners involved.

Mina stands out as the world's most lightweight blockchain, fueled by its active community of users. Utilizing zero knowledge technology, Mina aspires to create a secure and equitable infrastructure that is rightfully owed to everyone. Developers are able to build applications on Mina through zkApps, which are smart contracts that incorporate principles of zero knowledge. A new SDK based on Typescript is set to be introduced soon. In the current digital environment, people frequently find themselves having to give up their personal data to centralized entities to fully participate in online activities. However, Mina's zkApps provide users with the ability to keep their privacy intact, enabling them to validate and share proof of their information without disclosing the actual data. For example, you could obtain a loan by simply presenting evidence of your identity and creditworthiness, thus removing the need to reveal sensitive personal details. This innovative method significantly mitigates the chances of data breaches or unauthorized sales, ensuring that individuals retain exclusive ownership of their information, which remains securely on their devices. By revolutionizing data management, Mina not only enhances user privacy but also lays the groundwork for a digital future that prioritizes trust and user empowerment. As such, Mina is not just redefining blockchain technology, but is also reshaping the very principles of data interaction in our increasingly digital society.

Bitcoin Cash emerges as a remarkable currency that embodies the original aim of Bitcoin to function as "User-to-User Electronic Money." Its minimal transaction fees and reliable, irreversible transactions present significant benefits for both consumers and merchants alike. With its continued growth and expansion, the decentralized nature of Bitcoin Cash, coupled with its broad acceptance and potential for limitless innovation, indicates a bright future on the horizon. The Bitcoin Cash community actively encourages participation from individuals everywhere, aiming to create effective monetary solutions that benefit people around the world. By leveraging Bitcoin Cash, users can seamlessly transfer funds to anyone, at any time, throughout the year, much like the perpetual operation of the Internet itself. There are no restrictions on transaction amounts, allowing users to operate without needing consent or approval from any authority. In stark contrast, traditional banking systems often impose limitations, charge fees, or even close accounts unexpectedly, which underscores the distinct advantages of Bitcoin Cash. This system promotes financial independence for all, significantly enhancing the attractiveness of this digital currency and making it an appealing choice for those seeking greater control over their finances. Ultimately, the evolution of Bitcoin Cash represents a step toward a more inclusive financial landscape, where everyone can engage freely in monetary transactions.

Persistence operates as a Layer-1 network utilizing the Tendermint/Cosmos framework, aimed at promoting a range of decentralized finance (DeFi) solutions while striving to establish liquid-staked assets as the norm in the proof-of-stake (PoS) economy. Its key feature is interoperability, which empowers developers to create applications that can function independently, be modular, or built upon Persistence's CosmWasm layer. Users within the Persistence ecosystem can establish App-chains that retain compatibility with the extensive Cosmos/IBC ecosystem, enabling efficient routing of IBC assets through the Persistence Core-1 chain. Moreover, developers are granted the option to build Modular Apps directly on the Core-1 chain, leveraging components of the Persistence architecture as easily incorporated interfaces. The incorporation of CosmWasm further paves the way for the development of high-performance Smart Contract Apps on the Persistence chain, facilitating smooth upgrades and improvements over time. This forward-thinking methodology not only positions Persistence as a vital entity within the decentralized finance sector but also enhances its potential to adapt to future innovations and demands in the market. As the DeFi space continues to evolve, the capabilities offered by Persistence are likely to play a significant role in shaping its trajectory.

The CLV Chain is an innovative Layer 1 blockchain built on Substrate that ensures full compatibility with EVM, enabling cross-chain interactions. It offers a strong infrastructure that bolsters the growth of decentralized applications in the rapidly changing multi-chain landscape. CLV enhances multi-chain indexing, allowing users to access data seamlessly from leading networks such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain, and Polkadot. This comprehensive platform enables users to easily search for blocks, transactions, and accounts, greatly improving their overall experience. To foster development among dApp creators, CLV rewards them by allocating a share of transaction fees, which nurtures a vibrant community and stimulates innovation in the DeFi sector on both Sakura and CLV. Furthermore, CLV features a Dynamic Fee Schedule, a groundbreaking mechanism for gas calculation that provides users with discounts based on their activity levels—less active users incur higher charges, while frequent participants enjoy decreasing costs over time, motivating ongoing involvement. This approach not only benefits developers but also enriches user experiences, thereby contributing to a more dynamic and interconnected blockchain ecosystem. Ultimately, CLV’s design and features position it as a key player in the future of decentralized finance.

Coreum represents a next-generation blockchain, purposefully built to serve as a fundamental layer for future decentralized applications. With a remarkable ability to process up to 7,000 transactions per second, it stands out as the fastest blockchain today, utilizing a unique setup of 16 rotating validators. By employing the established Tendermint Consensus Engine alongside the Cosmos SDK, Coreum offers a proof-of-stake model with minimal latency. Developers benefit from the versatility of working in multiple programming languages, which can be converted into the modern Turing-complete Web Assembly (WASM) format for execution. In an ecosystem crowded with numerous blockchains, Coreum significantly boosts interoperability by integrating bridge capabilities, which enable smooth interactions with various chains through a system of collateralized wrapping. This forward-thinking strategy not only enhances connectivity but also contributes to a more integrated and unified environment across diverse blockchain networks. Such advancements in interoperability are crucial for the evolution of decentralized technologies.

Gnosis Chain emerges as a frontrunner among Ethereum's sidechains, diligently maintaining its core values. It enables contributors worldwide to easily run nodes, fortified by a solid security framework that includes over 120,000 validators. The diverse makeup of its validator community, along with governance led by its users, ensures that Gnosis Chain remains committed to credible neutrality while offering services at a fraction of the cost of the primary Ethereum network. Being EVM-compatible, it benefits from stakers operating from various locations, effectively addressing the needs of its users. Additionally, Gnosis Chain offers user-friendly tools and is set to introduce trustless bridges to the mainnet, which will further improve its functionality and outreach. This evolution places Gnosis Chain as a compelling choice for both developers and users in the ever-expanding blockchain landscape. Its commitment to innovation and accessibility continues to attract a diverse range of participants.

Berachain is an advanced Layer-1 blockchain that integrates Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) compatibility with a novel Proof-of-Liquidity (PoL) consensus mechanism, enhancing network security through rewards for liquidity providers. This approach incentivizes active participation from users, fostering a dynamic community that can earn governance tokens. By leveraging the modular BeaconKit framework, Berachain ensures scalability and seamless interoperability with existing Ethereum applications. Its distinctive tri-token system comprises BERA (the utility token), HONEY (a stablecoin), and BGT (the governance token), each serving essential roles that contribute to a balanced and efficient ecosystem. Currently, Berachain is in the testnet phase, with aspirations to launch its mainnet by late 2024, aiming to establish a high-performance environment tailored for decentralized finance (DeFi) applications. As the platform evolves, Berachain is committed to transforming the DeFi landscape by delivering groundbreaking solutions that emphasize user liquidity and engagement. Additionally, the project aims to create an inclusive ecosystem that empowers users while enhancing the overall DeFi experience.

Monad is a formidable Layer 1 blockchain that offers seamless compatibility with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). Boasting a remarkable ability to handle up to 10,000 transactions per second, it ensures rapid block confirmations within a second and achieves finality in a single slot. The platform is meticulously designed to require minimal hardware, promoting the efficient scaling of decentralized applications while upholding security and the core tenets of decentralization. Its cutting-edge architecture features sophisticated capabilities such as optimistic parallel execution, asynchronous processing, and a unique state database called MonadDB, all of which significantly boost its performance and scalability. As a result, Monad emerges as an appealing option for developers looking to create high-performance blockchain solutions, making it a strong contender in the competitive blockchain landscape. Its emphasis on innovation and efficiency positions it well for future growth and adoption.

Cardano stands out as a groundbreaking blockchain platform crafted for innovators, changemakers, and visionaries, offering essential tools and technologies that create opportunities for individuals and communities while catalyzing global change. As the pioneer of proof-of-stake blockchain technology, Cardano is grounded in thorough peer-reviewed research and utilizes evidence-based approaches for its evolution. This forward-thinking platform merges sophisticated technologies to provide unparalleled security and sustainability for decentralized applications, systems, and communities. Guided by a reputable team of engineers, Cardano's mission is to empower individuals by redistributing power from unaccountable institutions and paving the way for significant progress and transformation. Furthermore, Cardano aims to restore trust in global systems by developing a more secure, transparent, and sustainable framework for transactions, governance, and enterprise growth. In addition to its focus on innovation, Cardano also emphasizes collaboration and inclusivity, recognizing that collective effort is vital for achieving lasting change. Ultimately, the platform embodies a dedication to applying scientific principles for societal advancement, ensuring that the benefits of progress are shared by all.

The Cosmos network embodies an ever-expanding ecosystem of interconnected applications and services, envisioned for a future underpinned by decentralization. Step into an innovative world filled with cooperative services that enhance functionality. By leveraging the Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC) protocol, it allows for smooth and efficient exchanges of assets and data between various independent decentralized blockchains. Serving as the economic nucleus of the Cosmos, the Cosmos Hub acts as a blockchain that provides critical services for the Interchain. It is set to introduce a state-of-the-art decentralized exchange that will enable users to trade digital assets from different blockchains within the Interchain, all while ensuring low fees and prompt transaction confirmations. Furthermore, the forthcoming Interchain Staking feature will empower ATOM to safeguard multiple chains, rewarding users with additional staking benefits. A core mission of the Hub is to unite diverse blockchains through the establishment of IBC connections with compatible networks and the construction of decentralized bridges to major chains such as Ethereum and Bitcoin, significantly improving the overall interoperability of the blockchain ecosystem. This vision underscores Cosmos's commitment to fostering a more integrated and efficient digital environment, ultimately transforming how decentralized applications interact and operate with one another.

Harmony is a high-speed, open blockchain that operates its mainnet to run Ethereum applications with a remarkable two-second response time and fees that are 100 times lower. With secure bridges, Harmony enables seamless cross-chain asset transfers between Ethereum, Binance, and various other networks, fostering a vibrant ecosystem for creators to engage with their communities. Its bridges facilitate connections between both Proof of Work and Proof of Stake chains, ensuring versatility and inclusivity. The FlyClient architecture is designed to be completely trustless and highly gas-efficient, currently safeguarding tens of millions of cross-chain assets from Ethereum and Binance Smart Chain. Developers can easily switch the Chain ID, allowing for swifter execution of EVMs that maintain identical bytecode, simplifying migration to Harmony with their existing Web3 tools. For users, familiar platforms like MetaMask and Ledger remain accessible, and they will benefit from significantly reduced transaction fees. Additionally, any Ethereum portal or wallet can operate on Harmony without requiring code alterations or new installations, making it an attractive option for a broader audience. Overall, Harmony's innovative approach not only enhances performance but also streamlines the user experience across different blockchain environments.

We are excited to unveil a groundbreaking platform designed for blockchain technology and smart transactions that emphasizes ease of use, efficiency, and enhanced security. Our goal is to ensure that using cryptocurrency becomes more straightforward than handling cash, while also providing superior safeguards against loss and making it nearly immune to theft. We strive to enable anyone interested in transaction validation to engage in farming without requiring specialized equipment or incurring excessive energy expenses. Created by Bram Cohen, who is also the mastermind behind BitTorrent, Chia Network introduces a blockchain and smart transaction framework that features the first new Nakamoto consensus algorithm since the launch of Bitcoin in 2008. This innovative system employs Proofs of Space and Time, which dramatically reduce energy consumption compared to conventional "proofs of work." Furthermore, Chia presents Chialisp, a robust and secure on-chain programming language that simplifies the use of cryptocurrency beyond that of cash transactions. Current offerings in smart transactions include functionalities like Colored coins, rate-limited wallets, and distributed identity solutions, which contribute to a more user-friendly digital currency experience. The potential applications of this cutting-edge technology are immense, with the promise of transforming our interactions with digital finance in unprecedented ways. As we forge ahead, we anticipate that Chia Network will not only revolutionize the landscape of cryptocurrency but also empower individuals and businesses alike to thrive in this new financial ecosystem.