Top DANOS-Vyatta Alternatives

CIQ enables individuals to achieve remarkable feats by delivering cutting-edge and reliable software infrastructure solutions tailored for various computing requirements. Their offerings span from foundational operating systems to containers, orchestration, provisioning, computing, and cloud applications, ensuring robust support for every layer of the technology stack. By focusing on stability, scalability, and security, CIQ crafts production environments that benefit both customers and the broader community. Additionally, CIQ proudly serves as the founding support and services partner for Rocky Linux, while also pioneering the development of an advanced federated computing stack. This commitment to innovation continues to drive their mission of empowering technology users worldwide.

VxWorks® stands out as a premier real-time operating system, offering essential performance, reliability, safety, and security features vital for embedded computing systems in critical infrastructure. As a preemptive and deterministic RTOS, VxWorks is specifically designed to support real-time embedded applications, boasting low latency and minimal jitter. It incorporates a variety of robust security measures that effectively tackle the evolving threats faced by connected devices, ensuring protection from boot-up through operation and even during data transfer when powered off. Furthermore, VxWorks has achieved certification in stringent safety standards such as IEC 61508, ISO 26262, and DO-178C. Its architecture is not only extensible but also future-proof, enabling organizations to swiftly adapt to changing market dynamics, evolving customer needs, and technological innovations while safeguarding their investments. This adaptability ensures that VxWorks remains a relevant and valuable asset in the fast-paced world of embedded systems.

Switching to bare metal switches in Open Networking presents significant operational and economic benefits for creating sophisticated networks. These switches come with the essential features needed to achieve cloud-scale performance while offering flexibility, scalability, and adaptability. In the process of implementing a disaggregated open networking strategy, selecting the right Network Operating System (OS) is crucial for achieving success. This selection is critical as the right Network OS maximizes the performance, capabilities, and services derived from Open Networking switches, thereby ensuring that organizations realize the highest value. Among the available options, Netvisor® ONE emerges as a standout choice; it is an open, secure, and programmable next-generation Network OS tailored to improve the operational functions of bare metal Open Networking hardware. This operating system has undergone rigorous testing in vital production scenarios within both enterprise and carrier networks, ensuring compliance with strict performance standards. Additionally, Netvisor ONE offers exceptional reliability and scalability, providing the uncompromised performance necessary for the demands of contemporary networking environments. With its cutting-edge features, organizations utilizing Netvisor ONE are well-equipped to navigate the fast-paced changes in technology effectively. As a result, they can not only maintain competitiveness but also drive innovation within their network infrastructures.

Manjaro is a user-friendly, open-source operating system designed to be accessible to everyone, providing the benefits of modern software alongside a focus on quick installation and automated tools that reduce the need for manual configurations, all while offering ample support. This OS is well-suited for both novice users and experienced professionals. In contrast to proprietary systems, Manjaro gives users complete authority over their hardware, making it an excellent choice for personal, professional, and development environments. Moreover, it allows the running of various popular Windows applications through compatibility layers such as Wine, PlayonLinux, or Proton via Steam, with these examples just hinting at its extensive capabilities. Manjaro represents a perfect equilibrium for those seeking exceptional performance, comprehensive control, and cutting-edge software, while also providing a level of software stability that can be challenging to achieve elsewhere. Whether you are interested in exploring the world of computing or looking to upgrade your current setup, Manjaro equips users with the versatility and power required to cater to a wide range of needs, ensuring that everyone can find something beneficial within its features. Additionally, its vibrant community contributes to a continually evolving ecosystem, enhancing user experience and support.

OcNOS serves as a robust and adaptable operating system tailored for a diverse array of Open Compute platforms provided by leading network device manufacturers. Its architecture guarantees consistent operations, boosts workflow automation, and upholds high availability, all while contributing to a significant reduction in operational expenses. Inspired by the established ZebOS product line, OcNOS features an extensive array of functionalities and reliability that have been validated across numerous customer networks over the years. It incorporates an industry-standard Command Line Interface (CLI), supports widely used Management Information Bases (MIBs), and seamlessly integrates with conventional operational and management tools. Additionally, the system includes a centralized management and provisioning framework that facilitates transaction-based configurations alongside device feature modeling. This management layer is equipped with support for Netconf and REST APIs, as well as the ability to create customized CLI commands. Consequently, network administrators can effortlessly configure, monitor, and manage an OcNOS system through a specialized Network Management System, which ensures peak performance and efficiency. Ultimately, OcNOS signifies a major leap forward in the realm of network operating systems, merging innovation with dependable performance while also allowing for future updates and extensions. This adaptability ensures it remains relevant in the ever-evolving landscape of networking technology.

NVIDIA introduces pure SONiC, an open-source, community-focused, Linux-based network operating system that has been enhanced within the data centers of prominent cloud service providers. By adopting pure SONiC, businesses can overcome distribution limitations and fully harness the benefits of open networking, supported by NVIDIA's vast expertise, thorough training, detailed documentation, professional services, and ongoing support to facilitate successful deployment. Moreover, NVIDIA provides extensive backing for Free Range Routing (FRR), SONiC, Switch Abstraction Interface (SAI), systems, and application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), all integrated into a single platform. Unlike conventional distributions, SONiC enables organizations to remain independent from a sole vendor for updates, bug fixes, or security improvements. This independence allows businesses to simplify management tasks and make use of their current management tools across their data center activities, leading to improved operational efficiency. Consequently, the flexibility of SONiC not only enhances network management but also empowers organizations to adapt to their specific needs, making it an invaluable choice for those aiming for effective network oversight.

FreeBSD is distinguished by its advanced networking capabilities, outstanding performance, robust security features, and compatibility elements that many other operating systems, including several leading commercial options, often lack. It has become a top-tier choice for both Internet and Intranet servers, providing dependable network services even under significant stress while effectively managing memory to guarantee excellent response times for a multitude of concurrent user processes. In addition, FreeBSD's sophisticated operating system capabilities extend to both appliance and embedded systems, supporting a variety of hardware platforms ranging from high-end Intel-based devices to ARM, PowerPC, and MIPS architectures. Worldwide, vendors rely on FreeBSD for their embedded products, which include an array of devices such as mail and web appliances, routers, time servers, and wireless access points, all made possible by its integrated build and cross-build environments. The flexibility of the Berkeley open-source license empowers these vendors to decide how much they wish to contribute back to the community, which encourages collaboration and sparks innovation. Furthermore, this unique blend of features positions FreeBSD as an essential tool for developers who are dedicated to building high-performance embedded solutions that meet the demands of modern technology. Its reputation in the field continues to grow as more users recognize the advantages it brings to various applications.

The distinctive PICOS open NOS, designed with tightly integrated control planes, offers network operators accurate and non-intrusive visibility into their enterprise applications, facilitating comprehensive and flexible traffic analysis as well as timely attack prevention. When it comes to implementing zero-trust networking and creating software-defined perimeters, PICOS is recognized as the leading solution. Our cutting-edge open network operating system seamlessly works with open switches that feature interfaces between 1G and 100G, sourced from a wide array of Tier 1 manufacturers. This extensive licensing package provides unmatched support for enterprise capabilities found in today's market. It also includes the Debian Linux distribution, maintaining an unaltered kernel to maximize DevOps programmability. In addition, the Enterprise Edition is further enhanced with AmpCon, an automation framework leveraging Ansible, which combines Zero-Touch Provisioning (ZTP) with the Open Network Install Environment (ONIE), thereby simplifying the deployment and management of open network switches across the enterprise. Such sophisticated functionalities empower organizations to maintain not only operationally efficient networks but also robust defenses against continuously emerging threats. As a result, businesses can confidently navigate the complexities of modern networking while ensuring their infrastructure remains fortified.

Open-source software combined with a universal router plays a crucial role in making network access more equitable for all. VyOS aims to transform the way individuals connect to networks, empowering them to create the solutions they envision without facing constraints, limitations, or exorbitant costs. We assert that access to the internet is as vital for human progress as essential resources like food, water, air, and healthcare. Founded by engineers with a passion for innovation, VyOS stands as an open-source company dedicated to facilitating unrestricted network access without financial barriers. Our mission is realized through VyOS, leveraging our open-source software and virtual platforms to provide robust solutions. We offer features such as stateful firewalls, zone-based firewalls, and various types of NAT, including one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many configurations. Moreover, our commitment extends to transparency, allowing users to engage in auditing, create customized images, and contribute to the development, with full access to the entire codebase and build toolchain available to all. This collaborative approach not only enhances security but also fosters a community of innovation and shared knowledge.

Arista's Extensible Operating System (EOS®) is the cornerstone of its groundbreaking cloud networking offerings specifically designed for contemporary data centers and cloud environments. Built with a focus on scalability, architectures powered by Arista EOS can accommodate vast numbers of computing and storage devices while delivering management and provisioning capabilities that function effortlessly at scale. The system's programmability enables a collection of software applications that automate workflows, guarantee high availability, and provide exceptional network visibility and analytics. Furthermore, it supports rapid integration with a wide range of third-party applications centered around virtualization, management, automation, and orchestration services. As a fully programmable and modular network operating system founded on Linux, Arista EOS utilizes a user-friendly industry-standard command-line interface (CLI) and runs on a consistent binary software image across the entire Arista switching lineup. This unique architecture not only boosts operational efficiency but also makes maintenance and upgrades across the network infrastructure far more straightforward. In essence, Arista EOS empowers organizations to optimize their network capabilities while adapting to the evolving demands of digital transformation.

Hyperscale networking software crafted for the dynamic 5G ecosystem, extending from data centers to core and edge infrastructures, as well as across multi-cloud setups, guarantees unmatched scalability and swift integration. With an integrated monitoring and analytics framework, users gain comprehensive visibility into their networks along with immediate intelligence that is enhanced by predictive analytics and actionable insights. The ACE platform can be operated on existing infrastructures, allows deployment from various locations, and helps reduce operational expenses by streamlining onboarding processes and improving reliability. Fully compliant with open standards, this solution permits network operators to seamlessly interface with third-party automation and orchestration tools. The ACE framework is built upon a three-tier architecture that is both adaptable and scalable, promoting efficient connections between enterprise data centers and the infrastructures of service or cloud providers. As a trailblazer in independent network operating systems tailored for internet-scale applications, it features a scale-out route reflector that boasts impressive convergence speeds. Additionally, the platform provides real-time actionable intelligence that enhances network management and optimization, ensuring that organizations can thrive in a rapidly evolving digital environment. By adopting this innovative solution, businesses can significantly enhance their operational capabilities while maintaining a competitive edge.

Junos® OS transforms network management by implementing precise automation, which enhances efficiency and enables businesses to focus their resources on initiatives that promote growth. It is crafted to be reliable, secure, and adaptable, making it a cornerstone for some of the most sophisticated network infrastructures worldwide, thereby providing a significant advantage over those who rely on competing network operating systems. By reducing the time and resources required for the planning, deployment, and maintenance of network systems, it simplifies operations considerably. Moreover, it promotes a modern approach to disaggregation, offering a flexible consumption model for network applications and delivering robust software that scales in accordance with evolving demands. The system guarantees that the integration of line cards and updates to the network OS occur seamlessly, without interrupting ongoing services. Cloud service providers understand that a flexible and cost-effective network requires efficient operations throughout a highly scalable architecture. This capability ultimately equips organizations to swiftly adapt to market shifts and embrace new technological innovations, fostering a culture of agility and responsiveness. By leveraging Junos OS, businesses can stay ahead in a competitive landscape and drive forward their strategic objectives with confidence.

The NCS 5700 series line cards and routers significantly enhance provider networks by delivering both scalability and flexibility. They come equipped with integrated Segment Routing, which promotes performance-oriented service offerings, while the high-density 400G ports enable ongoing network growth. The adaptable port configurations, spanning from 10G to 400G, allow for easy adjustments to fluctuating demand, and the line cards accommodate bandwidth options of 3.6, 4.8, 7.2, or 9.6 Tbps per slot. Segment Routing plays a crucial role in harmonizing all services within a single infrastructure, enabling accurate end-to-end traffic management that improves the overall customer experience. Moreover, the platform guarantees backward compatibility and features a pay-as-you-grow pricing strategy, implementing IOS XR throughout the network, all of which are vital for a long-term growth strategy that meets demand while protecting investments. This solution also prioritizes energy efficiency and scalability, relying on a robust, carrier-grade operating system that is designed to optimize the network footprint while reducing environmental impact. Consequently, the NCS 5700 series is well-positioned as a forward-thinking solution that can adapt to the ever-evolving needs of networks as they grow and change. Additionally, its comprehensive feature set addresses both current and future demands, making it an attractive option for service providers aiming to stay competitive in a dynamic market.

The HPE HSR6800 Router Series is an advanced collection of high-performance routers designed for a variety of applications, such as data center interconnection and enterprise WAN core functionalities. With the Comware operating system at its core, this series features a refined multi-core, distributed service processing architecture, which allows for forwarding rates of up to 420 million packets per second and a remarkable switching capacity of 2 terabits per second. It stands out by offering extensive routing capabilities, multicast support, Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), and IPv6, alongside strong security protocols, quality of service options, and high-availability features that cater to carrier-grade environments. The series offers multiple interface options, including high-density 10GbE and 1GbE ports, ensuring flexibility for different network setups. Enhancements from the modular Comware v7 operating system not only boost system performance and reliability but also introduce key features like ADVPN, IRF2, EVI, EAA, and ISSU, which significantly expand its functionality. The launch of the FIP-240 module notably improves forwarding performance, effectively doubling that of its predecessor, FIP-210, while accommodating up to four HIM/MIM slots. Additionally, line cards come equipped with both 1GbE combo and 10GbE ports, which considerably enhance IPsec performance across the network. The RT-HIM-2EXP module further increases HIM 10GbE port density and is compatible with SFP+ connectors, solidifying the series’ reputation as a versatile solution for contemporary networking challenges. This combination of advanced features and flexibility makes the HPE HSR6800 Router Series a leading choice for organizations looking to optimize their network infrastructure.

NVIDIA® Onyx® introduces a groundbreaking methodology for flexibility and scalability specifically designed for the future of data centers. This platform boasts seamless turnkey integrations with top hyperconverged and software-defined storage solutions, significantly improving operational efficiency. With a powerful layer-3 protocol stack, integrated monitoring capabilities, and high-availability features, Onyx functions as a superior network operating system suitable for enterprise and cloud settings alike. Users can easily deploy their custom containerized applications alongside NVIDIA Onyx, which effectively reduces dependence on custom servers while embedding solutions directly into the networking infrastructure. Its strong compatibility with widely-used hyper-converged infrastructures and software-defined storage options further enhances its practicality. Onyx also embodies the characteristics of a traditional network operating system, providing a familiar command-line interface (CLI) to facilitate user interaction. A single command streamlines the configuration, monitoring, and troubleshooting processes for remote direct-memory access over converged Ethernet (RoCE), while extensive support for containerized applications ensures complete access to the software development kit (SDK). This unique blend of features positions NVIDIA Onyx as a state-of-the-art solution for contemporary data center demands, making it an attractive option for businesses seeking to optimize their IT infrastructure. Moreover, its adaptability paves the way for future advancements in networking technology.

The PTX Series Routers are fundamental to the largest core and peering infrastructures worldwide. Featuring advanced Juniper custom Express family ASICs, these routers are specifically designed for cloud environments, enabling smooth transitions to 400G technology. They deliver the scalability, flexibility, and investment protection necessary for navigating today’s market challenges. With capabilities such as native 400G inline MACsec, versatile filtering options, and a robust network operating system that has powered numerous high-performance applications, these routers distinguish themselves in the industry. Discover the immense possibilities that mass-scale 100G and 400G cloud solutions can offer through PTX routing technology. The modular structures of the PTX10004, PTX10008, and PTX10016 Packet Transport Routers directly address the significant bandwidth challenges of contemporary networks. These routers not only provide outstanding port density but also incorporate native 400GbE inline MACsec and cutting-edge ASIC technology, making them perfectly suited for the most demanding WAN and data center configurations. As the need for bandwidth continues to escalate, the PTX Series Routers play an indispensable role in ensuring that network infrastructures are future-ready. Furthermore, their innovative design and reliability make them a preferred choice among service providers looking to enhance their operational efficiency and performance.

Presenting a modern, efficient, and dependable network operating system that aims to boost operational productivity. The refreshed Cisco IOS XR Software redefines network management through its innovative architecture, which emphasizes enhanced modularity, an optimized networking stack, and automation suited for cloud environments that simplifies programming tasks. Elevate your team's performance by utilizing deeper insights, improved efficiency, and strengthened security measures, enabling you to reduce the time spent on troubleshooting while focusing on reaching your business goals. The IOS XR is meticulously designed for lower memory consumption, faster boot times, and seamless integration with both core and access devices, all made possible by its modular framework. This design empowers engineers to focus on revenue-generating tasks while enjoying a cohesive operating system across the entire network. Additionally, the platform is fortified with sophisticated security protocols to protect against potential hardware and firmware vulnerabilities. Ensure the safety of your systems from threats and bugs through advanced signing technologies and various runtime protections, including Integrated Measurement Architecture (IMA), which provide a solid defense against malicious attacks. This strategic approach not only bolsters security but also cultivates a more resilient and robust network infrastructure, further enhancing operational capabilities.

Cisco IOS XE is an advanced, adaptable, and modular operating system designed to operate a wide range of Cisco's enterprise networking devices, including routers, switches, and wireless controllers. Built on a Linux foundation, IOS XE offers robust features in programmability, scalability, and security, making it well-suited for dynamic networking environments. It provides powerful automation through APIs, the ability to run applications, and seamless integration with software-defined networking (SDN), enabling organizations to quickly respond to technological changes. Furthermore, IOS XE incorporates virtualization and multi-core processing capabilities, ensuring high performance and reliability while facilitating management with intuitive tools and centralized control. This blend of functionality not only boosts operational efficiency but also establishes IOS XE as a premier choice for businesses seeking resilient and future-ready networking solutions. As a result, companies can effectively utilize IOS XE to maintain a competitive edge in the fast-paced digital realm. Organizations can confidently embrace this technology to adapt and thrive in a constantly changing landscape.

Cisco NX-OS is a robust operating system tailored for data centers, with an emphasis on enhancing network agility, scalability, and security. Its flexible framework supports advanced solutions like Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN) in conjunction with Ethernet VPN (EVPN), enabling seamless scalability and efficient traffic management. The system simplifies network administration through quick setup processes and extensive monitoring capabilities, facilitated by the Cisco Nexus Dashboard Fabric Controller (NDFC) and open APIs that encourage automation. Security enhancements are key features, offering comprehensive network segmentation and strong encryption methods like MACsec and RADsec to protect data integrity and confidentiality. Additionally, Cisco NX-OS is optimized for high-performance demands, including applications in artificial intelligence and machine learning, featuring non-blocking network designs and ultra-low latency switches that adeptly handle high workloads. As a result, it stands out as an exceptional option for enterprises aiming to elevate their data center efficiency while ensuring superior security and performance standards. This makes it not only a functional solution but also a strategic asset for future-proofing technological investments.

The CacheGuard product range revolves around a foundational offering known as CacheGuard-OS. When installed on either a physical or virtual machine, CacheGuard-OS effectively converts that system into a robust network appliance. This newly formed appliance can serve multiple functions as various types of gateways that enhance the security and efficiency of your network. Below is a concise overview of the various CacheGuard appliances available. - Web Gateway: exercise control over organizational web traffic and filter out undesirable web access. - UTM (Unified Threat Management): protect your networks from a wide array of online threats using a combination of a firewall, antivirus at the gateway, VPN server, and a filtering proxy. - WAF (Web Application Firewall): prevent harmful requests from reaching your essential web applications and safeguard your enterprise. The WAF incorporates OWASP rules while allowing for the creation of custom rules, along with an IP reputation filtering system that enables the blocking of IPs identified in real-time blacklists. - WAN Optimizer: optimize the flow of your vital network traffic, conserve bandwidth, and ensure high availability for your internet connection through the use of multiple ISPs. Each appliance is designed to address specific network challenges, ultimately providing comprehensive solutions tailored to your organization’s needs.

For over two decades, we have been refining our operating system, consistently adding features that meet the evolving market needs while maintaining compatibility with legacy applications. Our Application Binary Guarantee allows users to smoothly run both modern and older applications on current infrastructures. With our sophisticated lifecycle management technologies, a single command can update your entire cloud environment, addressing everything from firmware to all virtualized areas. A significant player in the financial services industry has seen a remarkable 16-fold boost in efficiency from using Oracle Solaris for its virtual machines, surpassing a competing open-source solution. Moreover, the recent updates to the Oracle Solaris Observability tools equip users to diagnose both system and application problems in real time, supplying immediate and historical data that aids in quickly resolving issues. This suite of capabilities not only enables businesses to enhance their operational efficiency but also empowers them to adapt swiftly in a constantly changing technological environment. Ultimately, this ensures that companies are well-prepared to face future challenges and seize new opportunities.

Minoca OS stands out as a highly adaptable, open-source operating system designed specifically for sophisticated embedded devices. It effectively marries the anticipated high-level functionalities of an OS with a notable reduction in memory consumption. By implementing a driver API that separates device drivers from the kernel, it guarantees the compatibility of driver binaries through various kernel upgrades. This division allows for the dynamic loading and unloading of drivers as required. The hardware layer API contributes to a unified kernel architecture, which negates the necessity for a distinct kernel fork, even for ARM architecture. Furthermore, a comprehensive power management system promotes smarter energy-saving strategies, which ultimately leads to improved battery life. With a streamlined background process design and fewer instances of waking from idle states, devices can access deeper power-saving modes, further enhancing energy efficiency. The provision of both proprietary and non-GPL source licenses gives customers and end-users significant flexibility in their deployment choices. This versatility, combined with its performance capabilities, makes Minoca OS a highly attractive option for developers focused on creating efficient embedded systems. As the demand for resource-efficient solutions continues to grow, Minoca OS positions itself as a leading choice in the embedded operating system landscape.

Deepin is an advanced, intuitive, and reliable desktop operating system developed by Deepin Technology Co., Ltd. This OS comes equipped with a variety of preinstalled applications designed to enhance the user experience for both leisurely pursuits and daily tasks. As the system continues to evolve and improve, we expect Deepin to attract an ever-growing community of fans and users. Deepin Technology places a strong emphasis on user satisfaction, pursuing innovative objectives, and aligning with market needs to provide exceptional products and services. In a supportive and adaptable working atmosphere, productivity thrives, eliminating monotonous tasks and long wait times; the entire system operates efficiently and seamlessly. As a leader in operating system innovation within China, Deepin Technology delivers a secure, visually appealing, and user-centric platform, complemented by open-source options, to ensure a smooth experience for its users. Furthermore, their dedication to continuous improvement distinguishes Deepin from other operating systems available today, solidifying its position as a top choice for users seeking quality and reliability.

IBM z/VM stands out as an advanced operating system that incorporates a hypervisor and virtualization capabilities, tailored to proficiently oversee guest servers, including Linux, z/OS, and z/TPF virtual machines, alongside Red Hat OpenShift on IBM Z and LinuxONE platforms. This powerful system has the capacity to run hundreds or even thousands of guest servers on a single IBM Z or LinuxONE server, showcasing exceptional efficiency and flexibility. It supports a diverse array of machine images and architectures, simplifying the migration process, facilitating application transitions, and enabling the consolidation of multiple systems into a single server environment. By optimizing resource sharing among virtual machines, IBM z/VM delivers remarkable scalability, security, and operational efficiency, ultimately leading to substantial cost savings while laying a strong groundwork for cognitive computing initiatives. Its deployment facilitates on-premises cloud computing within a hybrid cloud model, empowering organizations to effectively scale and manage extensive Linux and container workloads. Additionally, it plays a vital role in ensuring continuous availability through IBM's comprehensive resiliency solutions, which guarantee uninterrupted infrastructure for businesses. The adaptability and efficiency of IBM z/VM render it an indispensable resource for contemporary enterprises striving to enhance their IT operations and achieve greater operational agility. As the demand for robust computing solutions grows, IBM z/VM's role in the marketplace becomes increasingly critical.

macOS Sierra represents the thirteenth version of Apple’s operating system for its diverse line of Macintosh computers, which encompasses desktops, laptops, and servers. This iteration marks the transition to the new macOS branding, departing from the former OS X designation. Users seeking to access Siri will need a reliable broadband Internet connection and a microphone, which can be either built-in or external. Furthermore, making phone calls through this operating system requires an iPhone that runs iOS 8 or a more recent version, combined with an active carrier subscription. For users wishing to engage in FaceTime video calls, having a built-in FaceTime camera, an iSight camera (whether built-in or external), a USB video class (UVC) camera, or a FireWire DV camcorder is essential, along with a dependable broadband Internet connection to ensure the best performance. This rebranding and enhancement of features underscores Apple's ongoing dedication to improving the user experience across all its devices while also making communication more seamless and accessible. As technology continues to evolve, Apple consistently integrates new functionalities that cater to the needs of its users, reinforcing its position in the market.

ClearOS Mobile provides users with the tools to control their digital identity, safeguard their privacy, and bolster security, while also facilitating access to crucial Android applications. Looking ahead, ClearOS Mobile intends to support a variety of smartphone brands, telecom operators, and service providers. This adaptability is set to expand its influence in the mobile landscape, ensuring that it can cater to a wide array of users from different backgrounds and needs. By prioritizing compatibility, ClearOS Mobile is poised to become a vital resource in the evolving digital world.

Zorin OS is crafted to be user-friendly, eliminating the need for prior technical knowledge. With the Zorin Appearance application, users can customize their desktop environment to resemble the layout they are accustomed to, whether they come from Windows, macOS, or Linux backgrounds. Built upon a robust foundation of Ubuntu and Linux, Zorin OS leverages the same open-source software utilized by organizations as prestigious as NASA and the U.S. Department of Defense. The operating system benefits from enhanced security features inherent in Linux, making it highly resistant to viruses. Users can expect to receive software updates and security patches for an extended period, ensuring continued system integrity. Zorin OS boasts impressive speed and performance, remaining efficient even during updates. The Lite edition is particularly advantageous for revitalizing computers that are over 15 years old, providing a second chance for aging hardware. Additionally, Zorin OS comes pre-installed with a suite of powerful applications, including a fully compatible office suite akin to Microsoft Office and professional-grade photo editing tools. Beyond these essentials, users can explore a vast array of applications and games available through the Software store and Steam, enhancing the overall experience. This versatility makes Zorin OS an appealing choice for a diverse range of users.

Built on the webOS Open Source Edition, this cutting-edge software platform is crafted for the upcoming wave of smart, interconnected devices. Begin your adventure and transform your imaginative ideas into tangible products with webOS Open Source Edition. The platform is designed to keep pace with rapidly advancing web technologies while also embracing powerful native frameworks like Qt. This flexibility is achieved through a highly scalable architecture combined with the versatile Yocto build system. As an open platform, it serves a diverse array of industries and stakeholders, poised for implementation across multiple sectors. For those interested in developing applications or contributing to the ecosystem, it is crucial to first explore the documentation overview. This initial step will equip you with vital information and instructions to effectively interact with the platform, ensuring a smoother development experience. Engaging with the community can also enhance your understanding and offer further support in your endeavors.

Linspire is a 64-bit Linux operating system specifically crafted for professionals within the realms of business, education, and government. It comes preloaded with all the vital applications necessary for users to efficiently handle work, research, and deployment tasks, particularly on high-performance desktop systems. Not only does Linspire allow users to run a full suite of legacy applications still essential in various workplaces, but it also provides the necessary tools for deploying web applications effectively. Additionally, Linspire is certified across numerous states, making it a reliable choice for supporting government intranet and web-based applications. What sets Linspire apart is its unique status as the only operating system built on Debian and Ubuntu that has received endorsements from both Oracle and IBM for hosting and deploying their cloud technologies. Its proven reliability and comprehensive functionality have resulted in its adoption by four out of five branches of the U.S. military, as well as utilization by agencies such as NOAA and the National Weather Service. This broad acceptance not only highlights Linspire's capabilities but also solidifies its standing as a dependable solution tailored for critical and professional environments, making it an ideal choice for those in need of a secure and efficient operating system.

KubeSphere functions as a distributed operating system specifically crafted for overseeing cloud-native applications, relying on Kubernetes as its foundational technology. Its design is modular, facilitating seamless incorporation of third-party applications within its ecosystem. As a distinguished multi-tenant, enterprise-grade, open-source platform for Kubernetes, KubeSphere boasts extensive automated IT operations alongside streamlined DevOps practices. The platform is equipped with an intuitive, wizard-driven web interface that enables organizations to enrich their Kubernetes setups with vital tools and capabilities essential for successful enterprise strategies. Being recognized as a CNCF-certified Kubernetes platform, it remains entirely open-source and benefits from community contributions for continuous improvement. KubeSphere is versatile, allowing deployment on existing Kubernetes clusters or Linux servers, and providing options for both online and air-gapped installations. This all-encompassing platform effectively offers a variety of features, such as DevOps support, service mesh integration, observability, application management, multi-tenancy, along with storage and network management solutions, making it an ideal choice for organizations aiming to enhance their cloud-native operations. Moreover, KubeSphere's adaptability empowers teams to customize their workflows according to specific requirements, encouraging both innovation and collaboration throughout the development lifecycle. Ultimately, this capability positions KubeSphere as a robust solution for organizations seeking to maximize their efficiency in managing cloud-native environments.

The OpenBSD operating system is entirely crafted by a dedicated group of volunteers. The development environment and various events for developers receive funding through donations that are overseen by The OpenBSD Foundation. These contributions are essential for maintaining the availability and sustainability of OpenBSD as a free operating system. Consequently, the OpenBSD project has implemented cryptographic capabilities across numerous aspects of the system. We emphasize that any cryptographic software used must be free of charge and possess suitable licenses. We deliberately avoid using cryptography that is burdened by problematic patents. Furthermore, we focus on obtaining this software from nations with favorable export laws, as we are dedicated to complying with international regulations. Our decision-making is primarily driven by technical merit, steering clear of political considerations wherever feasible. This unwavering commitment to free software and adherence to legal standards highlights the integrity and principles of the OpenBSD project. The ongoing efforts of the community continue to shape OpenBSD into a secure and reliable operating system for users worldwide.

ReactOS is an operating system crafted to execute Windows software and drivers, providing an interface that feels familiar to users who are used to Windows systems. As a free and open-source project built entirely from scratch, it emulates the architecture of Windows in a manner similar to how Linux relates to Unix, while remaining fundamentally different from Linux. A key benefit of ReactOS is its ability for users to seamlessly operate their beloved Windows applications and drivers, thus making it an attractive choice for those looking to shift away from Windows. Furthermore, individuals have the opportunity to develop their own tailored versions of ReactOS, promoting personalization. Many users engage with open-source software on a regular basis, as programs like Firefox, LibreOffice, and numerous GNU-Linux distributions showcase the rich variety of open-source initiatives available today. The community-centric approach of open-source projects, including ReactOS, underscores the importance of contributions such as translations, donations, or coding efforts, all of which play a significant role in the growth and improvement of the project. By becoming involved in this vibrant ecosystem, users not only enhance ReactOS but also contribute to a legacy that can benefit future users and developers alike. This collaboration fosters a sense of community and shared purpose that is essential to the continued evolution of open-source software.

OpenIndiana is an operating system tailored for the illumos community, emerging from the UNIX lineage, which may initially seem intricate. Nevertheless, with some foundational knowledge and assistance, you'll find that it provides some of the most intuitive tools available to users. Similar to other UNIX-like systems, it can be completely controlled via a Command Line Interface (CLI) shell, while also offering a graphical user interface (GUI) option. The CLI is equipped with multiple shells, primarily ksh93 and Bash, and it maintains compatibility with the traditional SunOS SVR4 commands, as well as the command syntax that BSD users are accustomed to, in addition to a substantial array of GNU userland commands favored by Linux enthusiasts. This versatility empowers users to select from a diverse set of commands within their shell setups, fostering an environment tailored to their individual preferences. As a result, OpenIndiana is distinguished by its adaptability, making it approachable for a broad spectrum of users, from beginners to expert practitioners, and it continues to evolve with the needs of its community.

Clear Linux OS is a rolling release distribution that prioritizes performance and security, making it an open-source option well-suited for customization and management across various environments from the Cloud to the Edge. It operates effectively without requiring tailored configurations, even on a standard host with an empty /etc directory. The stateless architecture uniquely separates the operating system's settings, user configurations, and machine-specific data, allowing users to easily manage their personal settings alongside system-level configurations. This approach not only streamlines the management of personalized configurations but also enhances the overall performance of the system. Clear Linux OS optimizes performance throughout the entire stack, including the platform, kernel, mathematical libraries, middleware, frameworks, and runtime components, ensuring that users benefit from a robust experience. Furthermore, it includes an automated tool that continuously tracks Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs), allowing for swift remediation and bolstering system security. By clearly distinguishing between User and System files, the operating system simplifies customization and enhances the management of its features and functionalities. Consequently, users can enjoy a streamlined experience while effortlessly adapting the system to suit their individual requirements, leading to greater satisfaction and productivity.

Tizen is an adaptable and open-source operating system meticulously crafted to address the varied requirements of stakeholders in the mobile and connected device ecosystem, which includes device manufacturers, mobile operators, application developers, and independent software vendors (ISVs). It is developed through a collaborative approach within an open governance framework, encouraging engagement from interested developers. The operating system comprises several profiles specifically designed to cater to the unique needs of different sectors, such as Tizen IVI for in-vehicle infotainment, Tizen Mobile for smartphones, Tizen TV for smart televisions, and Tizen Wearable for wearable tech. Additionally, beginning with Tizen 3.0, these profiles are constructed on a common infrastructure known as Tizen Common, which significantly improves compatibility and integration across devices. This structure enables manufacturers to choose a profile that meets their needs, modify it according to their specifications, or utilize the Tizen Common foundation to develop a bespoke profile that aligns with their devices' memory, processing, and power requirements, thereby streamlining their time to market. The versatility of Tizen's architecture not only encourages innovation in application development but also guarantees seamless interoperability among a wide array of devices, making it a compelling choice for a diverse tech landscape. Overall, Tizen's commitment to openness and adaptability positions it as a key player in the evolution of connected technologies.

PilarOS, referred to as TRDROIDTM, is an innovative Android-based mobile operating system crafted by ARDIC with a primary focus on industrial uses, featuring an extensive security and management infrastructure that includes over 1800 newly developed APIs derived from the AndroidTM Open Source framework. The AFEX module significantly improves the system's manageability, while multiple additional protective layers guarantee thorough security for devices, applications, connections, and data, spanning from the kernel to the cloud, thereby offering reliable, secure, and scalable industrial services. Engineered to thwart unauthorized access, this operating system ensures that connections, applications, USB ports, microphones, and cameras remain shielded from possible threats. Users benefit from the ability to customize particular configurations and implement them across their entire fleet of devices, facilitating the remote management of application installation, uninstallation, disabling, or enforcement. With a centralized administrative dashboard, it allows supervisors to oversee and manage all devices collectively or on an individual basis, enhancing operational efficiency. PilarOS is adaptable, catering not only to smartphones but also to a diverse range of smart devices, IoT solutions, and industrial IoT applications, which positions it as an excellent option for meeting a variety of operational requirements. Such extensive flexibility and control empower organizations to uphold a secure and productive environment throughout their technological infrastructure, thereby optimizing performance across all sectors.

OS X Yosemite marks the eleventh version of Apple's operating system tailored for Macintosh computers. It was first revealed to developers at the Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) on June 2, 2014, and its public beta became available on July 24, 2014. To take advantage of Time Machine, users must acquire an additional hard drive or an AirPort Time Capsule, which are not included with the system. For the Photo Booth application to function, a FaceTime or iSight camera is required, whether it is integrated into the computer or connected externally, along with either a USB video class (UVC) camera or a FireWire DV camcorder. When utilizing a DV camcorder, certain backdrop effects will function only if the camcorder has fixed settings for focus, exposure, and white balance. Users can initiate video calls using a built-in FaceTime camera, an external iSight camera, a USB video class (UVC) camera, or a FireWire DV camcorder, necessitating a minimum Internet connection speed of 128 Kbps for both upload and download. For high-definition video calls, having a built-in FaceTime HD camera is crucial, along with a recommended Internet connection speed of at least 1 Mbps for the best experience. Furthermore, it is important for users to have a compatible Intel-based Mac to effectively receive HD video calls and enjoy seamless communication. This compatibility ensures that users can fully leverage the capabilities of OS X Yosemite while engaging in video conferencing or capturing moments through the Photo Booth application.

Haiku is an open-source operating system that is constantly evolving and specifically designed for personal computing. It distinguishes itself through its impressive speed, efficiency, and approachability, appealing to users with varying levels of technical knowledge. What truly sets Haiku apart from other alternatives in the open-source arena is its unified development team, which oversees all aspects from the kernel and drivers to userland services, graphics stack, and desktop applications. While Haiku utilizes elements from several open-source projects, it integrates them in a manner that maintains exceptional consistency, which greatly enhances the experience for both users and developers alike. This seamless integration not only adds convenience but also creates an enjoyable navigation experience. The foundations laid by the Be Operating System have paved the way for many innovative features that Haiku proudly embraces, exemplifying an ideal method for efficient and streamlined personal computing. In addition to its unique features, Haiku also fosters a strong community that actively contributes to its continuous improvement, further solidifying its appeal as a powerful yet simple operating system choice. Ultimately, the combination of user-friendliness and robust capabilities makes Haiku a standout option for anyone in search of a dependable operating system.

Freespire serves as the free and open-source alternative to the commercial Linspire operating system, incorporating many of the same software packages while omitting those that necessitate a redistribution license. Users have the freedom to share Freespire without any limitations. For a basic productivity setup, Freespire requires a processor that is x86_64 bit, at least 4 GB of RAM, and a minimum of 20 GB of hard drive space. To achieve better performance, particularly for those planning to use virtualization software like VMWare or VirtualBox, it is recommended to have between 6 to 8 GB of RAM. Moreover, for resource-intensive applications such as CAD design or multimedia production, a RAM capacity of 8 GB or greater is advisable. Freespire offers the versatility of being installed either as a standalone operating system or in conjunction with another OS on Intel-based Apple Mac computers, making it an appealing choice for users interested in experimenting with various computing environments. This flexibility allows users to tailor their experience based on their specific needs and preferences.

openSUSE has unveiled a groundbreaking approach to its software development, resulting in a novel hybrid Linux distribution called Leap. This version utilizes the source code from SUSE Linux Enterprise (SLE), providing an unparalleled level of reliability that is rare among Linux distributions, while also incorporating community-driven innovations to deliver an optimal stable experience for users, developers, and system administrators. Current openSUSE users can seamlessly upgrade to Leap by booting from a DVD or USB and selecting the upgrade option, or they can opt for an 'Online Upgrade' that can be executed with just a few simple commands. Leap embraces a conventional stability model, releasing a new version each year and offering continuous security updates and bug fixes between those releases. These characteristics make Leap particularly attractive for server environments, yet it is also well-suited for desktop users due to its minimal maintenance demands. Additionally, the compatibility of openSUSE Leap with SUSE Linux Enterprise not only bolsters its stability but also provides users the option to transition to an enterprise solution when necessary, thereby facilitating a smooth path for future growth and support. This unique blend of features positions Leap as an excellent choice for those in search of a dependable and powerful Linux operating system, appealing to both casual users and professionals alike. Ultimately, Leap's innovative design and user-friendly nature make it a standout option in the world of Linux distributions.

Linux Mint strives to deliver a modern, attractive, and accessible operating system that harmoniously blends strength with ease of use. As one of the top desktop Linux distributions, it enjoys a vast user community numbering in the millions. The operating system is built to work seamlessly right after installation, providing extensive multimedia support and a user-friendly interface. Furthermore, it is entirely free and open-source, promoting a spirit of collaboration among its users. The community is encouraged to share their thoughts, which play a crucial role in the ongoing development of Linux Mint. Its dedication to security and reliability is showcased by a careful strategy for software updates, a unique Update Manager, and the robustness of its Linux foundation, which ensures it runs smoothly while using minimal system resources. This impressive array of features not only makes Linux Mint a great option for newcomers but also caters to the needs of seasoned users, solidifying its position in the Linux ecosystem. Ultimately, Linux Mint's focus on user experience and community involvement continues to drive its evolution and popularity.

Illumos is an advanced Unix-based operating system that integrates state-of-the-art features beneficial for various downstream distributions, including improved system debugging, a revolutionary filesystem, sophisticated networking, and robust virtualization capabilities. It is developed through a collaborative effort involving both volunteers and companies that rely on the software for their products. As a strong platform for both conventional and cloud-native environments, illumos provides newcomers with an excellent entry point through distributions like OmniOS and OpenIndiana, which can be installed on physical machines or in virtualized environments. To compile illumos, it is essential to use an illumos-based OS, as cross-compilation is not feasible. The software is freely available via its source repository, ensuring accessibility for all. With a diverse array of technologies, illumos features capabilities like ZFS, DTrace, Zones, ctf, and FMA, among others, highlighting its versatility. We take pride in offering a stable and highly observable system that stands out due to its technological advancements. With a rich engineering heritage, illumos can trace its roots back to Sun Microsystems and the early days of UNIX and BSD, underscoring its importance in the history of operating systems. Its ongoing dedication to innovation makes it an appealing choice for both developers and users. Furthermore, illumos continues to evolve, adapting to modern computing needs while honoring its legacy.

For over three decades, AIX has served as the reliable platform for clients to manage their most critical applications. As we move forward into a new era, AIX is set to maintain its leadership in innovation by incorporating hybrid cloud and open-source capabilities, enabling customers to develop and deploy contemporary applications within a secure and resilient environment. It is essential for businesses to have an infrastructure that guarantees security, remarkable availability, and the adaptability necessary to meet changing market demands. AIX®️ on Power Systems not only delivers these vital attributes but also provides the performance, reliability, and security crucial for handling mission-critical data. By adopting an architecture that complements your on-premises configuration, you can optimize and accelerate the cloud deployment of your AIX applications. Additionally, you can experience zero downtime during scheduled maintenance while consistently updating AIX with the latest features and enhancements. The AIX UNIX operating system is dedicated to upholding its strong reputation for security, built over many years, ensuring that your data is safeguarded and your operations run smoothly without interruption. Moreover, AIX’s commitment to innovation guarantees its ongoing relevance in the rapidly changing technological environment, allowing organizations to thrive as they adapt to new challenges. This adaptability is vital as businesses strive to leverage technology for competitive advantage.

GhostBSD is a desktop-oriented operating system that is user-friendly and based on FreeBSD, incorporating MATE, OpenRC, and a suite of software packages to enhance the overall experience. Users can take advantage of a range of pre-installed essential programs, allowing them to fully utilize the system right from the outset. With its GTK environment, GhostBSD provides an attractive interface and a pleasant user experience that resonates with modern BSD platforms, creating a genuine Unix work atmosphere. Its roots can be traced back to the Unix Research at the University of California, Berkeley, where it was historically known as "BSD Unix" or "Berkeley Unix," and is now often simply called BSD, which stands for Berkeley Software Distribution. The core aim of the GhostBSD project is to blend security, privacy, stability, usability, openness, and freedom, ensuring that the operating system remains free and accessible to everyone. Furthermore, the user experience is enhanced by tools like Networkmgr, which are tailored specifically for the GhostBSD environment, serving to bolster its seamless operation and user satisfaction. This dedication to ongoing enhancement and a focus on user-friendly design distinguishes GhostBSD in the competitive landscape of operating systems, making it a compelling choice for both newcomers and seasoned users alike.

Sabayon is an accessible Linux distribution rooted in Gentoo, specifically crafted for those new to the platform. Our aim is to offer an outstanding "out of the box" experience by incorporating the latest open-source technologies into a refined package. With Sabayon, everything is engineered to work harmoniously right from the beginning. We present a state-of-the-art operating system that balances stability and reliability, ensuring swift performance while being tailored to your specific hardware needs. Users have the option to evolve a fresh Sabayon installation into a complex Gentoo ~arch system, or they can simply enjoy the benefits of our binary package manager. With a range of testing options and Community Repositories available, you only need to install once, and upgrading to the latest version is a seamless process whenever you desire. Just start the system up, and all necessary components are pre-configured for your convenience. We provide both daily and monthly images to meet diverse user needs. Users can choose from several Desktop Environments, such as KDE, Gnome, Mate, and XFCE. In addition, creating a personalized version of Sabayon is effortless, even with Docker! Furthermore, Sabayon is compatible with a variety of devices, including Raspberry Pi 2/3, Odroid X2, U2/3, C2, and more, making it an adaptable option for a wide array of hardware platforms. Overall, Sabayon stands out as a flexible and user-friendly choice, catering to both novice and experienced users alike.

Altima Linux is an open-source operating system that can be personalized to meet individual preferences and comes equipped with a selection of top-tier open-source software applications, making it a viable substitute for Windows and macOS. Built on the robust foundation of Debian Linux, this desktop environment provides all the essential free software necessary for everyday computing tasks. Comprehensive installation guides are available for additional specialized applications, enabling users to revive older computers with free downloads, dispelling the notion that they are obsolete due to excessive bloat. Included among the major applications are LibreOffice, PhotoShack, Inkscape, Sublime Text, QEMU, Nginx, Audacity, VLC Media Player, Epiphany, and Remmina, while VirtualBox is also recommended as a complimentary download. Furthermore, WINE is featured to enhance compatibility with Windows applications. A standout characteristic of Altima Linux is its innovative blend of a Windows-like interface with a Mac-style desktop experience, catering to both novices and seasoned users with a streamlined and intuitive environment. We trust that you will find joy in exploring and utilizing Altima Linux, as it opens up a world of possibilities for your computing needs.

IBM® z/OS® utilizes the powerful features of the IBM Z® platform to drive business transformation and promote innovation. It ensures a secure and stable environment crucial for optimizing performance in critical operations while equipping organizations to meet future demands. This operating system is crafted for high security and scalability, making it well-suited for vital applications. The sophisticated IBM® z16™ platform accelerates decision-making processes and protects your operations against potential threats, all while seamlessly integrating into hybrid cloud environments. With IBM z/OS V2.5, companies can tap into state-of-the-art development capabilities to enhance their hybrid cloud and AI applications, alongside sophisticated technologies concentrated on security and resilience. Moreover, a continuous delivery model guarantees that new z/OS features are rolled out quarterly without sacrificing stability, complexity, or costs, which facilitates rapid application development and deployment in hybrid cloud ecosystems. The system also provides a modernized experience that simplifies installation and management tasks, thereby boosting operational efficiency. By leveraging these advancements, organizations can adopt a transformative strategy for their IT infrastructure, ensuring they stay ahead in an ever-changing digital landscape. Furthermore, this approach enables businesses to innovate consistently while maintaining the agility required to respond to market changes.

The emergence of container-based infrastructure has marked a pivotal shift in the realm of technology. A Linux distribution tailored specifically for containers provides an optimal foundation for a cloud-native environment. This minimalist operating system image is designed to include only the vital tools required for running containers. By eliminating a package manager, it effectively avoids any risks associated with configuration drift. The implementation of an immutable filesystem contributes significantly to reducing various security risks. Furthermore, automated atomic updates guarantee that you receive the latest security patches and advancements in open-source technology consistently. Flatcar Container Linux is meticulously designed from the ground up to efficiently handle container workloads. It fully adopts the container philosophy by integrating only the essential components necessary for container operation. In the context of immutable infrastructure, possessing a similarly immutable Linux operating system becomes essential. With Flatcar Container Linux, the emphasis transitions from managing configurations to efficiently overseeing your infrastructure, leading to a more streamlined and secure operational landscape. This transformative approach not only enhances efficiency but also fundamentally changes how organizations oversee their cloud-native applications and services, paving the way for a more agile future in technology management.

The ClearPath MCP and ClearPath OS 2200 operating systems provide a robust and unified collection of software solutions designed specifically for overseeing your critical business functions. With these systems, you can effortlessly manage even the most demanding applications. They come equipped with a wide range of features such as enhanced security protocols, transaction management systems, various databases, and tools for integration and development. Furthermore, you can opt to license the operating environment separately, facilitating transaction processing across public clouds, private clouds, or your chosen server hardware. The diverse array of cross-platform software available within the ClearPath Forward ecosystem guarantees that you will have all the essential tools needed to improve and expand the capabilities of both the ClearPath MCP and ClearPath OS 2200 systems. This flexibility positions it as a perfect solution for organizations aiming to refine their technological framework. As a result, businesses can achieve greater efficiency and adaptability in their operations.

To use the Handoff and Instant Hotspot features, an iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch with a Lightning connector is required, with Handoff needing at least iOS 8 and Instant Hotspot necessitating an iPhone or iPad with cellular capabilities and iOS 8.1 or newer, along with active Personal Hotspot service from your mobile provider. Additionally, for seamless AirDrop functionality among iOS devices, you should have a compatible iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch that runs on iOS 7 or higher and is equipped with a Lightning connector. To make video calls via FaceTime, a device featuring a built-in FaceTime camera, an iSight camera (either built-in or external), a USB video class (UVC) camera, or a FireWire DV camcorder is essential, as well as a stable broadband Internet connection to ensure the best quality. Such specifications are critical for users to fully leverage the diverse connectivity features their devices offer, enhancing overall user experience and versatility. Meeting these requirements allows for more effective communication and sharing capabilities across Apple devices.