Top Odyssey Alternatives

Effortlessly oversee your museum and archive collections from any location with our adaptable, user-friendly, web-based management system. Axiell Collections is designed for simplicity and can be accessed through any web browser, making it convenient for users on the go. You can trust that all your collections data is managed securely and effectively. From cataloging and managing loans to organizing events and overseeing conservation efforts, every aspect of collection management is streamlined for your convenience. The user-friendly interface of Axiell Collections allows new staff and volunteers to quickly familiarize themselves with the software, minimizing the time required for training. Recognizing that different users within an institution engage with collections in varying ways, the software can be customized to cater to individual access needs. Additionally, Axiell Collections offers a range of supplementary products, including online exhibitions, digital asset management, and automated workflow management. With its open API, the platform facilitates smooth integrations with other systems, enhancing its functionality even further. This ensures that each institution can optimize its collection management processes to best suit its unique requirements.

Small businesses require a reliable eCommerce and retail point-of-sale system that operates efficiently. Cumulus offers "Always on" retail point-of-sale systems designed to keep you informed and reduce any potential downtime. Their retail cloud POS solution is known for its superior reliability, ensuring that it continues to process sales and handle other essential functions without interruption. With Cumulus eCommerce™, a cutting-edge eCommerce and ePOS solution, you can seamlessly manage both your store and website as a unified entity. The advanced product management tools provided by Cumulus simplify the process of creating and modifying products for both your eCommerce and retail stores. Additionally, Cumulus' Customer Relations Management (CRM) system enables you to monitor real-time sales data across all platforms from a single database, thereby enhancing your ability to make informed business decisions. This integration ultimately helps streamline operations and boost customer engagement.

Since its launch in 2010, ArtBinder has established itself as the leading mobile inventory management solution tailored for the art industry. Acting as a holistic digital partner for numerous art professionals across over 40 countries, we deliver both mobile and desktop applications that streamline operations. By providing a cohesive platform, ArtBinder removes the complications associated with juggling multiple systems. Our cloud-based infrastructure guarantees that your data remains consistently updated on all devices, enhancing accessibility. We place a high priority on data security, utilizing cutting-edge cloud technology, encryption methods, regular backups, and strict privacy protocols to protect against potential breaches or data loss. Committed to exceptional customer service, ArtBinder offers customized onboarding processes and ongoing account support. Every client is paired with a dedicated Client Success Manager, ensuring personalized assistance throughout their journey with us and that all their needs are effectively addressed. Our mission is to equip art professionals with the essential tools to succeed in a dynamic and changing industry landscape. In doing so, we strive to not only support but also inspire creativity and innovation within the art community.

Working with a wide variety of organizations, from prominent national museums to smaller local historical associations, specialized archives, and catalogs raisonnés, this vast selection of applications has cultivated an extensive range of customizable features. CollectiveAccess caters to numerous entities, such as academic institutions, art organizations, foundations, corporations, museums, archives, and historical societies. We offer personalized consulting services to our clients, helping them maximize the advantages of our free and open-source software. The Whirl-i-Gig team is particularly skilled in migrating data from outdated or unsupported content management systems to CollectiveAccess. Our developers are ready to aid in extracting your legacy data and developing a custom metadata schema, or improving an existing one, to better accommodate your records. Furthermore, we can import legacy data and media into CollectiveAccess in their original formats, or assist in refining and optimizing data that needs additional work. By providing these tailored services, we strive to empower organizations to effectively manage, preserve, and utilize their valuable collections for future generations. Ultimately, our goal is to enhance the accessibility and functionality of their resources.

MuseumPlus addresses the complex demands of museums by offering a flexible and all-encompassing standard application designed for the real-time oversight of museum operations, while also proficiently documenting a range of collections and their related processes. The platform provides significant customization options for creating data fields, modules, forms, and reports, which means it can cater to the specific requirements of each institution. Its sophisticated interface technology improves the ease of data sharing with other applications, leading to more streamlined operations. Users can easily catalog, register, and manage every item in their collections, while also keeping a centralized register for both internal and external contacts, enhancing communication efficiency. Additionally, MuseumPlus simplifies the generation of form letters and labels, which promotes quick and precise correspondence. The ability to link digital media to objects, artists, addresses, and other pertinent entries further enriches the documentation process, providing a comprehensive view of the collection. Moreover, the system supports the management of agreements and contracts concerning exhibitions, loans, and collections, ensuring that all legal matters are organized effectively. Users can also seamlessly integrate additional modules, such as event management and archiving, into their MuseumPlus setup, boosting the platform's overall functionality. To further enhance collaboration, the software assists in coordinating participants, venues, and lenders, ensuring that entry and exit protocols run smoothly for all parties involved in museum activities. Ultimately, this holistic approach enables museums to function efficiently and effectively in managing their diverse operational needs while fostering a culture of accessibility and engagement.

Museum Space serves as a robust Museum Management Software crafted specifically for Galleries, Libraries, Archives, and Museums—collectively referred to as GLAM institutions—aiming to improve their daily functions while supporting the preservation and digitization of their treasured cultural artifacts. Designed with contributions from museum experts and technology professionals, Sirma's Museum Space is a web-based tool that proficiently catalogues and links documents, images, notes, and historical materials in a way that meets the operational demands of various art institutions. This state-of-the-art software seeks to refine the workflows associated with conservation, cataloging, restoration, and exhibition, thereby enabling museums, galleries, libraries, as well as private conservators and collectors to fully leverage the advantages of digital technology. By delivering a unified platform, Museum Space not only boosts operational efficiency but also plays a crucial role in ensuring that cultural heritage is maintained for the enjoyment and education of future generations. Furthermore, its user-friendly interface makes it accessible to a broad range of users, enhancing collaboration among professionals in the GLAM sector.

Museums, magazines, and archives contain valuable insights relevant to both past and present contexts, creating an increasing demand for easy access to these valuable collections. As a result, it is vital to implement efficient and time-saving methods for managing this extensive information. Sofie elevates the organization of various media formats, such as objects, photographs, audio clips, text, and video content, making it an ideal solution for organizations of any size. At present, many museums, municipal archives, and local communities throughout Sweden are taking advantage of Sofie's capabilities. The software is simple to install and allows users to import data from various systems or earlier versions of Sofie, enhancing its adaptability. It can be accessed effortlessly from any device, including computers, mobile phones, or tablets with internet access. Additionally, Sofie adheres to web accessibility standards, broadening its usability for a diverse range of users. Quick and responsive support is available via phone and email, and we also offer training along with tailored on-site guidance to cater to particular requirements. This all-encompassing approach guarantees that every user gains the maximum benefit from the software, ultimately enriching their experience and engagement with their collections. As a result, organizations can efficiently manage and present their resources to the public, fostering greater appreciation and understanding of their invaluable assets.

Media Studio has the potential to enhance every facet of your daily operations, including collaboration and reporting. Gallery Systems offers a comprehensive suite of user-friendly software designed specifically for museums and cultural institutions, known as the TMS Suite. This suite encompasses various applications for managing collections, overseeing online collection management, documenting conservation efforts, handling digital assets, among others. What makes the TMS Suite an ideal choice for managing your collections? Developed with contributions from museum professionals, the TMS Suite for Collections is available in 24 different languages and features a range of accessibility options to improve user experience. Its high degree of customization allows for the optimization of workflows tailored to various roles such as registrars, collections managers, curators, and conservators. Additionally, the software solutions are completely secure and web-based, ensuring reliable access from anywhere. This adaptability and security make the TMS Suite a standout option for modern museum operations.

Collector Systems emerges as the leading cloud-based platform for overseeing various collections, such as fine art, furniture, jewelry, vehicles, apparel, and wine. This innovative solution provides users with sophisticated tools that promote the upkeep of uniform records within archives and historical collections, incorporating integrated access to Chenhall's Nomenclature along with an anticipated Digital Asset Management System (DAMS). Moreover, it includes specialized modules tailored to the distinct needs of natural history collections, ensuring that all information is systematically organized and readily available while offering tools for thorough and precise taxonomic classification. In addition, Collector Systems functions as a comprehensive cataloging resource for archaeological and ethnological collections, proving essential for fieldwork, research, and management in these specialized fields. With its extensive features and intuitive interface, Collector Systems significantly enhances the collection management process across multiple disciplines, making it an indispensable asset for curators and collectors alike. Its ongoing updates and improvements also promise to keep users at the forefront of collection management technology.

eHive is a cutting-edge online cataloging platform utilized around the world by a variety of museums, organizations, and private collectors to manage their collections. This system allows users to catalog their items, upload images, keep track of acquisition details, and display their collections on the web. It is accessible via any device with a web browser, including desktops, laptops, and smartphones, ensuring that all collection information remains secure and easily accessible, as we take care of all data hosting and backup needs. In addition, we handle all system updates, providing users with instant access to the latest features offered by eHive. As a cloud-based and cost-effective solution, eHive streamlines the process of sharing your collection online, allowing you to concentrate on your items while we take care of the technical details. Moreover, eHive facilitates easy data sharing with prominent aggregation platforms such as Trove in Australia and Digital NZ, all while maintaining your branding and offering the flexibility similar to that of the WordPress content management system. With eHive, you are empowered to manage and promote your collection effortlessly and effectively, making it an invaluable tool for collectors of all types. Ultimately, eHive enhances not just the management of collections but also the experience of sharing them with a wider audience.

Collections MOSAiC is an intuitive management solution tailored for collections, making it both affordable for all users and sophisticated enough to satisfy the requirements of the most discerning collectors, with the adaptability to handle collections of any size. The platform offers fully searchable databases, along with comprehensive reporting features and customizable data export options. It is equipped with standard validation lists commonly used in the industry, while also allowing for personalization to cater to specific user requirements. While an internet connection is not essential, it facilitates the seamless upload of your collection data for public viewing or internal access. Users have the option to upload their data to either MOSAiC Online or MOSAiC Web, which enhances the visibility of their collections to a wider audience. Furthermore, every purchase of Collections MOSAiC 11 includes the MOSAiC Web add-on, which streamlines the online presentation of your collection. To encourage exploration, free fully-functional evaluation packs are also offered for prospective users. Currently, the Collections MOSAiC system has gained traction in over 650 locations throughout Australasia, showcasing its effectiveness and dependability. This widespread implementation underscores the system's versatility in addressing the diverse collection management needs of various institutions and organizations. As a result, it has become a preferred choice for many looking to enhance their collection management capabilities.

Managed Artwork offers a comprehensive and intuitive database tailored for the management of art galleries, addressing the varied needs of fine art establishments. We partner with galleries of all sizes and styles globally, providing customized subscription plans that cater to the individual requirements of each gallery. Being a cloud-based solution, the Artwork Manager negates the need for software installations on your devices, granting access from any location with internet connectivity. With the Artwork Manager Art Gallery Inventory Management Software, you can easily monitor extensive details about your artists, such as their biographies, contracts, commissions, and returns. Moreover, this platform enables you to gather all your artists' contact information alongside your customer data in one unified database, thus improving overall operational efficiency. Imagine the Artwork Manager functioning as a customer relationship management system specifically crafted for the art sector. In addition, it supports the organization of mailing and shipping information, along with notes and interactions with your artists, ensuring a smoother and more cohesive management process. This holistic strategy not only boosts gallery productivity but also nurtures stronger connections with both artists and patrons, ultimately contributing to a thriving art community. By adopting this modern approach, galleries can stay ahead in an ever-evolving industry.

eMuseum, developed by Gallery Systems, is a digital collection management tool that enables museums and cultural organizations to showcase their distinctive collections online. This software works harmoniously with the TMS Suite, a premier solution for managing collections. Users can craft engaging digital exhibitions and share them on their public websites or internal networks. With its adaptability, eMuseum accommodates various media formats and incorporates IIIF functionality, while its API offers limitless possibilities for presenting collection items and enhancing institutional offerings. Furthermore, the user-friendly interface ensures that even those with minimal technical expertise can effectively utilize its features.

GallerySoft provides an all-in-one solution for art galleries, making it easier to manage aspects such as clients, artists, payments, invoicing, inventory, and mailing labels, including art labels equipped with QR Codes, all within a unified system. This platform enhances gallery management by allowing managers to seamlessly document, search for, share, access, relate, and export crucial information and visuals, which significantly boosts operational efficiency. With the capability to present and sell art through a laptop or Apple iPad, users can interact with customers during exhibitions, on the go, or within the gallery itself, facilitating transactions from virtually any location. Furthermore, GallerySoft enables the development of customized contact lists that can enhance marketing efforts and outreach initiatives. This robust program assures that every critical aspect of gallery administration is organized and easily accessible, allowing users to quickly retrieve, share, and showcase images, inventory, and client information. The platform also promotes efficient sales and accounting through its comprehensive reporting features, while offering complimentary remote support and data backup to ensure users feel secure and supported. By adopting GallerySoft, art galleries can significantly increase their operational productivity and effectiveness in a highly competitive landscape, ultimately allowing them to focus more on their creative endeavors.

As the leading provider of software designed for managing collections and relationships within museums, PastPerfect supports more than 11,000 institutions with a solution that is both cost-effective and easy to use. Specifically crafted for the needs of museum professionals, our software combines collection and contact management into a single, user-friendly platform that is accessible both on desktop and in the cloud. Since its inception in 1998, PastPerfect has transformed how museums of all sizes manage their collections and build relationships with their supporters and patrons. We encourage you to connect with us to learn how PastPerfect can help your organization achieve its goals while enhancing efficiency and lowering expenses. With the capabilities of PastPerfect 5.0, you can seamlessly oversee every facet of museum operations, from acquisitions and loans to artifact cataloging, generating custom reports, tracking donations, managing memberships, conducting mailing campaigns, and facilitating email communications, all of which contribute to the smooth and effective functioning of your museum. Additionally, our software empowers museums to adapt to the evolving landscape of cultural preservation and community engagement.

Collecteurs, known as The Collective Museum of Private Collections, provides both free and subscription-based cloud solutions for managing art collections. Its user-friendly platform enables collectors to showcase their works while networking with other collectors and galleries. The Emerging account is entirely free, offering a fresh approach to art collection management and fostering a social community among users. Additionally, we provide specialized software for gallery management, which helps galleries promote their exhibitions, track artworks, and maintain purchase records. Although gallery accounts require an invitation to set up, interested parties can easily request one through our pricing page. This dual offering not only enhances the art management experience for collectors but also strengthens community ties within the art world.

Proficio Elements, created by Re:discovery Software, is a highly respected software platform designed for the effective management of collections and archives. Its ease of use, paired with powerful capabilities, significantly improves the process of overseeing and accessing museum collection records, rendering it both easier and more enjoyable for users. Featuring intuitive navigation and customizable fields, along with time-saving tools and a search function similar to that of Google, Proficio Elements also provides report templates, list view options, thumbnail displays, a zoo feature, and a data backup tool, among other functionalities. This extensive array of resources not only boosts operational efficiency but also enhances the overall management experience for professionals working in museums. Consequently, users can expect a more streamlined workflow, ultimately leading to improved engagement with their collections.

Profium presents Profium Sense™ Collection Management, a cloud-based platform designed specifically for museums, trusts, foundations, and memory institutions, prioritizing user-friendliness. With over two decades of experience, our collaboration with numerous museums guarantees that our system addresses both present needs and future adaptability. This solution is quickly accessible through a Software as a Service (SaaS) model, hosted securely, which allows users to access it via their personal computers without the necessity for extra hardware. The Sense™ Collection Management system, compliant with Spectrum standards, is built to be scalable, serving the diverse requirements of institutions ranging from small to large. Beyond offering this advanced solution, Profium dedicates itself to delivering in-depth training and continuous technical support, enabling our clients to optimize their collections effectively. Our unwavering commitment to client success ensures they can harness the full potential of our software, fostering a partnership that promotes growth and innovation in their operations. Ultimately, we strive not only to meet their current expectations but also to anticipate future developments in the field.

WrkLst stands out as the premier software solution for art galleries, catering to professional artists, studios, consultancies, collections, and projects focused on artwork-based publishing and exhibitions. This platform enables users to effortlessly manage their artwork inventory, maintain contacts, and oversee all related tasks. Compatible with any device that has internet access and a contemporary web browser—ranging from desktop computers to smartphones—WrkLst operates efficiently, swiftly, and securely. We prioritize security above all, employing top-tier encryption and security architecture that meets the highest industry standards. Each client is provided with a personalized database that implements strict role- and user-based access policies, ensuring the utmost protection of their information. Developed over a span of more than five years through rigorous prototyping at an international art gallery, WrkLst embodies a deep commitment to serving the unique needs of the art community. Ultimately, it proves to be an essential tool for anyone in the art sector seeking comprehensive management solutions.

A dynamic system allows you to customize it exactly to your specifications, enabling you to handle an array of information such as images, sound, videos, and documents without any restrictions. Bowerbird boasts an intuitive interface that makes it easy for you and anyone else involved in your collection to navigate, removing the need to learn complex software; it prioritizes simplicity and user-friendliness. This software operates on a web-based platform that is responsive, meaning you can access all your data effortlessly from any device, regardless of your location or the time of day. Additionally, with a wide range of options for presenting your collection online and detailed permission settings, you can selectively allow insurance agents, museum staff, auction houses, dealers, friends, family, fellow collectors, the general public, or specific groups to view all or certain parts of your collection. This degree of customization not only improves your overall experience but also expands the potential audience for your collection significantly. Ultimately, the ability to share your work with various stakeholders can foster greater appreciation and engagement with your collection.

Artists and individual collectors can efficiently oversee their art collections or bodies of work using just one computer, which facilitates the storage of scans and digital documents pertinent to each piece of art. They can create, access, and share numerous collection data files within a collaborative local setting, fostering interaction with other professionals' collection files for both viewing and editing on the same network. There are no limits on the number of records that can be stored within each file, offering the flexibility to manage a comprehensive collection with detailed entries that can include up to six images per record. Furthermore, collectors have the capability to store a wide range of digital documents such as receipts, appraisals, artist biographies, and more related to each artwork. With a one-time payment structure and no ongoing monthly fees, users can safely manage and retain their collections on their personal computers, ensuring they maintain full control over their valuable assets. This arrangement not only enhances accessibility but also encourages collaboration among art professionals, leading to a more vibrant exchange of ideas and information. Additionally, the ability to seamlessly share and edit files can foster a supportive network, further enriching the art community.

Primer acts as an all-encompassing database and client relationship manager (CRM) specifically designed for galleries, artists, and art collections, facilitating the effective organization and access to artwork, contacts, transactions, and exhibitions. What distinguishes Primer’s inventory is its capacity to meticulously track every interaction with a piece, detailing the individuals who have expressed interest or contemplated purchasing it; this information can inform future offerings and strategic decisions. Moreover, the Contacts feature is not just a simple list of names; it functions as a comprehensive repository of current and potential clients ready to make their next acquisition. Successful dealers and artists take a proactive stance, expanding their clients' horizons and delighting them by anticipating which pieces they might favor next. Elite professionals utilize the diverse layouts, tools, and search functionalities within Primer to transform contact information into actionable insights that lead to improved business results. With Primer, you can effortlessly oversee previews, offers, sales, consignment processes, and much more, resulting in a holistic approach that not only boosts efficiency but also nurtures deeper connections within the art community. This innovative platform ultimately empowers users to elevate their art management practices and maximize their business potential.

Primus operates as a comprehensive collection management system that is employed by more than 200 museums and cultural institutions throughout Norway and Sweden. This well-structured system is engineered to safeguard and arrange data related to collections and their objects, along with managing the various tasks associated with them. It effectively handles both large-scale and smaller collections, making it versatile for different needs. The system further supports the registration of various types of objects, ensuring it meets a wide range of management demands. When collections are digitized through Primus, they can be rapidly made available to the public via DigitaltMuseum, facilitated by the system’s seamless integration with this platform. This connection not only simplifies the sharing process but also encourages broader digital access to a multitude of collections. Additionally, it aligns with cultural policy goals focused on advancing the digitization of artifacts and fostering improved digital conversations about them. Consequently, Primus is instrumental in connecting cultural heritage with contemporary technological advancements, paving the way for a more engaged public experience. As such, it serves as a vital tool in the preservation and dissemination of cultural knowledge.

The Argus platform developed by Lucidea is a versatile web-based solution designed for the management of collections in museums and galleries. By improving curation and offering public access to objects and exhibits, Argus helps heritage institutions maintain their visibility and accessibility in the digital age. This enhancement significantly benefits the experience of visitors, whether they are engaging in-person or virtually. Additionally, the platform seamlessly connects with current systems and resources, ensuring that both museum staff and visitors can enjoy mobile access to valuable information. With such robust features, Argus stands out as an essential tool for modern heritage management.

If you're looking for a cost-effective solution in digital asset management (DAM), NetX is a noteworthy option to explore. Esteemed organizations such as Nike, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Amazon, Intuit, and the Cleveland Clinic utilize this platform, effectively streamlining the management of large digital file repositories. The user-friendly design of NetX includes a modern interface, customizable features, sophisticated search capabilities, saved search options, asset request forms, a grid editor, and other enhancements aimed at improving user interaction. Its comprehensive functionalities make it a compelling choice for companies aiming to optimize their digital asset management processes. Additionally, the platform’s versatility allows it to cater to various industry needs, making it a valuable resource for any business.

A comprehensive Digital Asset Management (DAM) system has been created to cater to the requirements of museums and other entities overseeing digital cultural assets. This multilingual DAM incorporates widely accepted standards such as CIDOC-CRM, SPECTRUM, EDM, and LIDO, and supports several metadata formats, including DC, RDF, MARC, and Carare, which are crucial for the efficient management of cultural resources. Furthermore, the system's flexibility allows it to meet the varying needs of different organizations while ensuring robust interoperability. This adaptability makes it an invaluable tool for institutions aiming to preserve and share their digital collections effectively.

SKINsoft stands at the forefront of 21st-century IT innovation, specializing in sophisticated collection management and publication systems designed for a wide array of cultural institutions, such as museums, private collections, libraries, oral history initiatives, and film archives. Our solutions are not only secure but also cutting-edge, developed through extensive scientific research and over 42,000 hours of collaboration with specialists in preservation and cultural heritage. Furthermore, SKINsoft has developed next-generation collection management systems that offer exceptional functionality, high performance, and an intuitive user interface. These modular solutions can be easily tailored to meet specific needs, ensuring seamless integration and effective communication between all components through a cohesive interface. This adaptability and interconnectedness empower institutions to significantly improve their collection management endeavors, making SKINsoft an invaluable partner in the preservation of cultural assets. As a result, our clients benefit from enhanced operational efficiency and the ability to preserve their heritage for future generations.

CatalogIt serves as a user-friendly Collections Management System (CMS) designed for museums, private collectors, and professional conservators. This application enables various users to securely catalog and collaboratively oversee their collections from any device, enhancing accessibility and teamwork. As a subscription-based SaaS, CatalogIt combines robust security measures with cloud and mobile capabilities. It reassures users by safeguarding collection information through documented controlled vocabulary, ensuring it is stored offsite and remains accessible solely to authorized personnel, all while being readily available whenever needed. With its comprehensive features, CatalogIt streamlines the management process and promotes effective collaboration among users.

CollectionsIndex+ is a dynamic software platform tailored for the organization of diverse collections and content types, ranging from objects and archives to books, images, videos, digital assets, and various web and gallery materials. The System Simulation suite presents an extensive array of management solutions, featuring specialized tools like BooksIndex+ for books, ArchiveIndex+ for archives, and MuseumIndex+ for museum artifacts. Moreover, we offer strong enterprise-level solutions for overseeing digital images and assets through tools such as ImageIndex+ and AssetIndex+. These products can function independently or in conjunction with one another, forming a unified and robust suite of integrated modules that significantly enhance overall operational efficiency. This adaptability empowers users to tailor their collection management processes to fit their unique requirements and workflows, thereby improving productivity and organization in their respective fields. Additionally, the platform is designed to evolve alongside technological advancements, ensuring that it remains relevant and effective in meeting the changing needs of its users.

For too long, the software designed for managing museum and private collector collections has fallen behind, relying on outdated systems. At Collection Harbor, we collaborated with museum professionals to develop a web-based content management system that is both user-friendly and allows for efficient, cost-effective collection management accessible from any device. Thanks to its cloud-based design, Collection Harbor provides secure access to your collection from virtually anywhere, removing the limitations of rigid system requirements and the need for expensive onsite installations or manual updates. This cutting-edge platform streamlines all facets of collection management, so you can focus your attention on what really matters. It features an easy-to-use reporting function, enabling users to organize their data effectively and generate custom lists via external applications. Moreover, its powerful search functionality allows for quick and accurate retrieval of items in your collection, ensuring immediate access to the information you need. Ultimately, Collection Harbor revolutionizes the management of collections, setting the stage for an advanced approach to preservation and curation that effectively meets the needs of today's collectors and institutions. This forward-thinking solution not only enhances operational efficiency but also fosters a deeper connection to the collections being managed.