Top Power Framework Alternatives

Planview AdaptiveWork, which was formerly known as Clarizen, provides PMOs and professional services teams of all sizes with the ability to gain immediate insight into their operations, optimize workflows, proactively manage risks, and improve overall business performance. By aligning with the strategic goals of the organization, teams can enhance workforce productivity, ensuring that their efforts are focused on executing the most essential tasks in a timely manner. The platform enables effective tracking, management, and prioritization of work requests, ensuring that each request is equipped with all the essential details for execution. Additionally, its seamless bi-directional integration with CRM systems, coupled with custom triggers, allows for the effortless capture of opportunity details, which is vital for planning client projects. Furthermore, the platform automates and regulates the different phases of the request lifecycle, such as submission, scoring, prioritization, routing, and approval, making the transition from requests to actionable projects, tasks, or work items much smoother. This all-encompassing strategy not only enhances operational efficiency but also promotes a culture of accountability and transparency throughout the organization, ultimately leading to better decision-making and project outcomes. By leveraging these capabilities, teams can adapt more readily to changes and challenges in the business environment.

Project Insight (PI) is an advanced project and portfolio management software that enables organizations to compile and analyze all their projects seamlessly. By integrating your work, projects, and tasks into a single, user-friendly online platform, PI can be tailored to meet the specific requirements of your business. This makes it particularly beneficial for organizations with intricate project management needs, such as budgeting, scheduling, time-tracking, and capacity planning. Despite its robust features, PI remains accessible and adaptable, which in turn enhances the level of customer service you can offer. Users can effortlessly merge data from essential tools like CRM, accounting, DevOps, and support software, providing stakeholders with immediate insights into project status. Additionally, the FREE version of PI allows users to get started quickly and scale their usage over time as their needs evolve. This flexibility ensures that as your organization grows, PI can continue to meet your changing project management demands.

Manage your entire business operations seamlessly from a single platform. Oversee the full project lifecycle, from generating quotes to processing invoices, ensuring that sales, delivery, and financial data are integrated for a comprehensive view of your performance and progress in real time. Optimize your resource planning and forecasting effectively. Anticipate when to take on additional work and identify potential resource shortages before they arise, enabling you to make informed decisions about outsourcing or expanding your team. This approach ensures workloads are balanced, preventing burnout for some team members while others remain underutilized. Ensure that your business remains profitable. While completing projects is essential, understanding your profitability is crucial. Gain insights into which clients, projects, services, or teams contribute positively to your margins and which are detracting from them. This knowledge empowers you to make timely decisions about improving efficiency, adjusting pricing, or reducing expenses. Facilitate collaboration in the context of your work environment. With easy access to all files and discussions related to customers, projects, or tasks, you can eliminate the inefficiencies of constant status checks and document retrieval. All necessary information is available with just a single click, enhancing productivity and communication across your organization. By streamlining these processes, your team can focus more on delivering value and less on administrative tasks.

Wrike is an exceptional work management solution that provides cross-functional teams with comprehensive insight into intricate projects. This cloud-based collaboration tool is relied upon by over 20,000 prominent organizations globally, including renowned companies like Fitbit and Siemens. With an array of award-winning functionalities, Wrike includes features such as dynamic request forms, automated workflows, cross-tagging, custom item types, and integrations with more than 400 applications. Enhance your productivity with Work Intelligence™: our sophisticated communication tool that facilitates voice commands, smart replies, and document processing. Additionally, we provide customized templates designed to help teams initiate Agile projects efficiently while ensuring compliance. In addition to guaranteeing 99.9% uptime, our enterprise-grade security encompasses single sign-on, role-based access control, and continuous data backup. For added assurance, users can utilize the Wrike Lock add-on to maintain complete ownership of their master encryption key. Research shows that Wrike can enhance organizational processes by 40%, streamlining administrative tasks and lowering costs across various sectors. Experience the transformative impact on your team — begin your free two-week trial now and see the difference for yourself.

nTask is a comprehensive online platform designed for managing tasks and projects, available at no cost for individuals, teams, and professionals alike. With nTask, users can effortlessly create checklists, oversee projects, collaborate with team members, organize meetings, and set up automation for routine tasks. What sets nTask apart is its ability to facilitate collaboration among both small and large teams working on multiple projects simultaneously. Tailored for agile methodologies, nTask enables users to assign tasks, log timesheets, and more, ensuring that team members keep each other updated on hours spent and provide detailed time entries for each task, giving a clear picture of overall team activity. Additionally, nTask features tools such as Kanban boards, project planning capabilities, and issue tracking functionalities to enhance productivity further. Signing up for nTask is straightforward and free, so why not take the first step and begin your journey today? By utilizing nTask, teams can streamline their workflow and improve communication, making project management more efficient than ever before.

ProjectManager is award-winning project and portfolio management software providing unparalleled control, in-depth project data and comprehensive planning features. Our platform includes advanced scheduling, automated cost and time tracking, risk analysis and resource management, resulting in flawless project and portfolio execution while providing unbeatable insights at every stage. Thousands of users worldwide trust ProjectManager to deliver projects with precision.

Silverbucket offers an intuitive resourcing solution that simplifies the creation of resource plans while providing a comprehensive overview of your organization’s resource distribution. This platform enables you to achieve your objectives without the hassle of chaotic spreadsheets or undue stress. With our assistance, you can oversee resources in a manner that enhances both profitability and employee satisfaction. From a unified perspective, you can monitor all projects, personnel, and capacity levels, while also effectively managing skills, competencies, and comparing projected resource plans with actual hours worked. SILVERBUCKET PRODUCT OVERVIEW You can quickly assess the resource landscape from either a company-wide or team-specific viewpoint. Effortlessly allocate resources and receive real-time updates on assignments. Resources can be assigned to individuals or roles, with integrated task management. Tentative bookings support effective project planning. Evaluate actual outcomes against initial plans. Manage holidays and absences seamlessly. Track time efficiently. Silverbucket allows for automated data flow processes. Custom APIs enhance functionality and integration. With a proven record of successful projects, Silverbucket boasts a high recommendation rate and more than 40,000 satisfied users worldwide, reflecting its reliability and effectiveness in resource management. Moreover, our commitment to continuous improvement ensures that we consistently meet the evolving needs of our clients.

Ravetree is an all-in-one platform built specifically for client service businesses that need advanced project management, budgeting, and billing—far beyond generic tools. Forecast project budgets, track actual spend, and get instant insights into fees, costs, and profitability with powerful visualizations and reports. This clarity helps you make informed decisions and keep projects financially on track. Ravetree’s robust time tracking and billing features offer unmatched flexibility. Create time logs in one click, assign them to projects or clients, and manage approvals with custom workflows. Set up client-specific rate cards with start and end dates for billing accuracy and consistency. Assign multiple team members to the same task—each with their own bill rate, work role, and time estimate—so you accurately reflect every specialist’s unique contribution and cost. Generate invoices directly from approved time logs and expenses, with seamless QuickBooks integration for efficient financial management. Benefit from advanced resource planning, real-time project visibility, and customizable dashboards—eliminating the need for spreadsheets and disconnected tools. With unlimited file storage, secure client portals, and real-time collaboration, Ravetree keeps your team and clients connected and informed throughout every project. Whether you manage creative, digital, or consulting projects, Ravetree is the ideal solution for businesses that need a platform that truly supports their needs and drives client satisfaction.

Planforge stands out as the top provider of hybrid program and portfolio management software. Its web-based PPM solution effectively eliminates information silos by seamlessly integrating various cross-functional Jira processes and enterprise agile planning methodologies, such as SAFe, along with resource management capabilities. This integration empowers organizations to respond more swiftly to evolving circumstances, translate strategies into actionable steps, and enhance their decision-making processes to maximize value. Furthermore, Planforge's innovative approach helps teams collaborate more efficiently, ultimately driving greater project success.

Bordio is a software solution tailored for project management, aimed at assisting teams in organizing their projects and tasks with greater efficiency. This task management platform enables users to layout their team's weekly agenda using an interactive project planning calendar, prioritize activities through a kanban board, and set meeting reminders—all within a single cohesive system. Envision the simplicity of dragging and dropping tasks into your digital calendar, color-coding them for enhanced clarity on current priorities and forthcoming obligations. Need to arrange a meeting? You can easily do so within Bordio’s work board, simplifying your workflow by reducing the reliance on multiple applications. Furthermore, the platform allows for real-time communication within a task, ensuring that all discussions and documents remain organized and within easy reach. Bordio’s integration with Google Calendar further amplifies its capabilities by providing a consolidated view of all your schedules. This project management tool not only presents an economical option for thorough work management but also functions as both a team management software and a project tracker, facilitating the management of workloads, monitoring of progress, and ensuring timely project completion. With features such as the task tracker and team task planner, Bordio empowers users to oversee the advancement of each task effectively. In addition, the collaborative aspects of the platform foster a more engaged and productive team environment.

The SoftExpert Suite serves as a comprehensive solution designed to address key issues in business excellence through a cohesive multi-application framework. It includes a variety of elements that can be tailored and upgraded in response to shifting organizational needs, facilitating the easy incorporation of new features. Its main objective is to encourage collaborative problem-solving while boosting overall business performance by providing users with resources for corporate governance, risk management, compliance efforts, and continuous improvement in business processes. Moreover, the suite actively promotes a culture of ongoing enhancement, which enables organizations to pivot efficiently in response to changing market conditions. By fostering adaptability, it empowers businesses to remain competitive and resilient in an ever-evolving landscape.

monday.com Work OS serves as a no-code platform for work management, enabling teams to enhance their project and workflow management processes. This versatile software offers customizable solutions tailored for diverse applications, including marketing, sales, operations, IT, and HR. Users can efficiently plan, oversee, and monitor all their projects from a single interface, utilizing convenient features like automation, time tracking, and document sharing to save time. The platform's multiple visual board options, such as Gantt, Kanban, and Cards, allow teams to prioritize and organize tasks in a way that aligns with their preferences, while dashboards provide a comprehensive view of progress to support data-driven decision-making. Furthermore, seamless integrations with popular applications like Outlook, Microsoft Teams, Gmail, and Excel enable users to work within their preferred tools without interruption. Additionally, monday.com features specialized solutions like monday dev and monday sales CRM, which cater specifically to the unique requirements of various industries, thereby enhancing overall productivity and efficiency. With its extensive capabilities, monday.com empowers teams to achieve their objectives while ensuring a streamlined workflow.

Nimble project management software is a powerful tool for organizations looking to enhance their workflows and increase overall productivity. With its collaborative capabilities, augmented by artificial intelligence, teams can execute projects more efficiently and achieve their goals with greater ease. This platform promotes a unified atmosphere for teamwork and aids in task management, ensuring that everyone remains aligned and informed. It also features comprehensive project analytics and customizable reporting options that provide teams with valuable insights, thereby enabling better decision-making. Moreover, Nimble optimizes resource allocation, ensuring that project execution is seamless and that team performance is maximized. By incorporating these diverse functionalities, Nimble not only simplifies the project management process but also nurtures a culture of ongoing improvement and innovation across organizations. Ultimately, this approach empowers teams to adapt and thrive in a constantly changing business landscape.

Our software solution is crafted to elevate and unify your organization's efforts while ensuring optimal resource utilization in real-time. It includes features that provide transparent reporting, effective resource management, budget oversight, project coordination, and task tracking. Counterpart promotes enhanced collaboration between diverse teams and projects. But what is a Work Management Platform, and how can Counterpart be of assistance? Essentially, it is a suite of digital tools designed to help organizations efficiently plan, manage, and report their initiatives and projects. By improving work management practices, organizations can make informed strategic choices that enhance operational efficiency, save time, and maximize resources and budgets. As your organization grows and changes, we evolve with you, guaranteeing real-time cloud backup for increased security. Furthermore, our platform allows your team to work together more effectively and productively, using less time and fewer resources, ultimately driving greater success. With Counterpart, you can embrace the future of work management, unlocking your organization's complete potential and paving the way for innovative solutions.

Streamline the management of all your projects in a centralized location. EMDESK serves as a versatile platform for project and financial management, bringing together the elements of planning, monitoring, execution, and collaboration under one roof. It facilitates teamwork among members and stakeholders, ensuring optimal control and transparency throughout the project lifecycle. Developed and hosted in Germany, EMDESK upholds the highest security standards to protect your data and maintain your trust. Additionally, it offers a user-friendly interface that makes navigating complex projects simpler for everyone involved.

Unite your teams with robust work management software that enhances efficiency and collaboration. Propel your projects forward with a platform that is not only user-friendly but also intuitive to navigate. Foster seamless collaboration among different teams to expedite project execution and achieve faster results. Improve project outcomes through effective portfolio governance and oversight, which lead to more favorable results. Equip project teams with tools that boost productivity, facilitating better collaboration and streamlined document sharing. By standardizing and automating workflows, you can establish consistency and foster repeatable success in managing projects. Gain the ability to accurately identify, plan, track, and monitor initiatives, particularly as you expand your Project Management Office (PMO). Encourage open communication among team members about project statuses, allowing for updates to be shared promptly through various channels. Simplify the consolidation of documents and project artifacts for swift access and reference when needed. Furthermore, gain visibility into resources across the entire portfolio while effectively balancing capacity with demand to enhance resource allocation. This comprehensive strategy not only allows your team to operate more effectively but also ensures that they can meet their objectives with increased efficiency and clarity. Ultimately, this integrated approach fosters a culture of collaboration and success within your organization.

Engenion stands out as a cutting-edge solution for managing project portfolios effectively. This AI-enhanced PPM software empowers organizations to oversee and refine intricate development projects effortlessly. By leveraging sophisticated technology, Engenion guarantees enhanced transparency, heightened efficiency, and informed decision-making throughout every stage of a project. Notable Features & Advantages: Real-Time Visibility: Continuously monitor the advancement, financials, and resources of your projects. Intelligent Data Analysis: Access accurate predictions, actionable insights, and improved decision-making capabilities. Proactive Risk Management: Detect obstacles early and receive timely recommendations to mitigate them. Effective Resource Distribution: Optimize the allocation of staff and financial resources for maximum impact. Versatile and Scalable: Offers a modular design that can be tailored to various sectors and organizational sizes. Effortless Integration: Easily integrates with existing IT infrastructures and project management applications. Engenion - Strategize Wisely. Not with difficulty. Embrace a future of efficient project management with Engenion.

TaskFord is an efficient task management and productivity platform designed to enhance workflows for both individuals and teams. With its intuitive and robust interface, it provides users with customizable task boards, facilitates real-time collaboration, and enables effective project tracking, making it simple to stay organized and adhere to deadlines. Moreover, TaskFord seamlessly integrates with widely-used platforms and tools, ensuring smooth synchronization within your technology environment. Additional features, such as automated reminders, priority tags, and detailed progress analytics, assist users in maximizing their productivity. Whether you are juggling personal objectives or overseeing extensive projects, TaskFord serves as the ultimate solution for effective task management. Its comprehensive functionalities make it a valuable asset for anyone looking to improve their organizational skills and efficiency.

Shibumi’s Strategic Portfolio Management solution provides C-Level executives, PMO, and IT leaders with a comprehensive decision support system that offers real-time insights crucial for making significant decisions that promote continuous business benefit realization. By effectively aligning execution with strategic objectives through dynamic scenario planning and data-driven insights, Shibumi reduces organizational risk, boosts agility, and optimizes investment returns. Essentially, Shibumi enables its clients to consistently meet the strategic business objectives detailed in their roadmaps. Serving as a centralized hub, Shibumi grants real-time visibility into all Programs, Projects, Products, and Initiatives, allowing users to monitor both financial and non-financial benefits while optimizing their strategic portfolios to achieve desired outcomes. This robust tool empowers business leaders to make informed, data-oriented decisions on which initiatives will provide the most substantial business advantages, thereby improving overall organizational effectiveness. Furthermore, Shibumi cultivates a collaborative decision-making atmosphere, ensuring that all stakeholders work together toward shared objectives and enhancing the likelihood of success across the organization. By fostering unity and clarity, Shibumi ultimately contributes to a more resilient and responsive business environment.

Zoho Tables offers a cohesive solution for collaboration, seamlessly integrating individuals, workflows, and data. With our mobile application, you can effortlessly manage your tasks from any location, promoting productivity on the go! Users often find themselves torn between overly complicated software and those that miss crucial functionalities. However, with Zoho Tables, you can tailor solutions to fit your specific requirements without the need for coding. The platform's flexibility is truly remarkable, allowing you to visualize your data in five distinct formats: Grid, Kanban, Calendar, Gallery, and Form. Additionally, this variety empowers teams to select the layout that best suits their workflow, enhancing overall efficiency.

One2Team functions as an all-encompassing work management platform tailored for agile teams operating within large organizations. It has earned recognition as a Gartner Visionary in Project and Portfolio Management (PPM), empowering teams to improve and revolutionize their methodologies for handling project portfolios, product launches, and transformational initiatives. The platform boasts an extensive array of collaborative tools, such as file sharing, notifications, corporate social networking, planning, reporting, and analytics, which facilitate seamless teamwork. Furthermore, its intuitive interface allows users to effortlessly traverse their tasks, optimizing their workflows and enhancing productivity. This makes One2Team not only a powerful tool for managing projects but also a vital resource for fostering effective team collaboration.

Routine functions as an all-encompassing operational system that aids both individuals and teams in streamlining their task management for optimal productivity. By merging diverse work components—such as tasks, meetings, tickets, and client interactions—into a cohesive graph-based workspace, it aggregates data from popular third-party platforms like GitHub, Salesforce, HubSpot, and Slack, thereby facilitating easy cross-referencing of information. This synthesis of familiar tools empowers Routine to refine and interconnect disjointed data, allowing users to oversee projects, collaborate efficiently, and make well-informed choices without the hassle of switching between various applications. Furthermore, its design emphasizes a data-centric approach and a local-first philosophy, guaranteeing that users can access and leverage information effectively, even when offline. With Routine, workflows become more efficient, promoting enhanced productivity while minimizing the disorder often linked to managing multiple tools. Ultimately, this innovative system transforms the way teams approach their projects, leading to a more organized and focused work environment.

Projectric's newest iteration of Nimble is revolutionizing the conventional project management landscape. With its intuitive and straightforward interface, the software empowers users to make strategic business choices based on actionable, pertinent, and up-to-date portfolio and project information. The inclusion of Gantt and tree charts enables users to swiftly adjust and modify project timelines as needed. Additionally, budget forecasts and team utilization can be updated with ease, streamlining the management process. Our unique project scoring technology ensures that users can prioritize tasks effectively while keeping their organizational objectives in focus. In just three clicks, users can swiftly act and make data-informed decisions, enhancing overall efficiency. Furthermore, the Custom Reports feature allows for the creation and storage of multidimensional report views tailored to the specific needs of your company, fostering a deeper understanding of project dynamics. This holistic approach ultimately supports better resource allocation and increased productivity across the board.

Mosaic is an innovative solution for resource and workforce management that leverages artificial intelligence to enhance both productivity and profitability. By integrating seamlessly with a variety of financial and project management tools, it effortlessly gathers data to provide insights into team activities and timelines. This software empowers teams to forecast and bill more accurately while optimizing capacity management and workload planning. Mosaic eliminates the need for cumbersome spreadsheets, offering organizations a comprehensive overview of their operations. Take advantage of the opportunity to explore its features with a complimentary 30-day trial and experience the transformation it can bring to your workflow. Don't miss out on enhancing your team's efficiency and effectiveness today!

Projility brings over 13 years of specialized knowledge in supporting businesses within the Project Portfolio Management (PPM) domain. Our tailored solutions for Microsoft Project Online and Power BI empower companies to effectively deploy and manage their PPM systems. Understanding the vital importance of information as a key business intelligence resource, we adapt our methodologies to meet the unique needs of each client, providing innovative, optimized, and enlightening data-driven solutions. The Hammerhead product suite capitalizes on the robust functionalities of Project Online and Power BI, improving data accessibility, speeding up time to market (TTM), and equipping Project Management Office (PMO) teams with critical insights for making well-informed, data-driven decisions. Additionally, Projility’s Hammerhead PPM Data Warehouse confronts typical data access hurdles faced in PPM implementations by creating a centralized data hub suitable for hosting on platforms such as Microsoft’s intelligent Azure cloud. This all-encompassing strategy guarantees that our clients are well-equipped to succeed in an increasingly competitive landscape, ultimately fostering growth and efficiency in their operations.

The leading platform for security ratings in the world enables organizations to make informed, data-driven choices that help mitigate cyber risks effectively. BitSight stands out as the most prevalent Security Ratings platform available today, dedicated to revolutionizing the global perspective on cyber risk management. By offering dynamic and data-centric evaluations of an entity's cybersecurity effectiveness, BitSight empowers users with insights grounded in objective, verifiable, and validated metrics from a reputable and independent source. Their solution for Security Performance Management is designed to aid security and risk professionals in adopting a strategic, risk-focused approach to enhance their organization’s cybersecurity capabilities. This encompasses comprehensive measurement, ongoing surveillance, meticulous planning, and foresight to minimize cyber threats. With BitSight, organizations can expedite their cyber risk management processes, leading to more informed and strategic decisions that significantly enhance their security posture. Ultimately, this platform not only streamlines risk management but also fosters a culture of proactive cybersecurity within organizations.

WiseTeam is a comprehensive suite designed for CRM and project management that incorporates contemporary management methodologies including KANBAN, SCRUM, A3, SALESPIPELINE, and ITIL. It allows for real-time planning and tracking of all sales, project-related tasks, and internal activities, ensuring nothing falls through the cracks. The interactive KANBAN board facilitates task delegation, enables prioritization of weekly objectives, and provides a clear view of upcoming workloads for team members. Time tracking for employees is seamless, with each project featuring a summary for straightforward billing. Project planning is simplified, encompassing activities, expected outcomes, and budgeting requirements, while real-time monitoring keeps you informed about project statuses. Furthermore, you can ensure timely delivery of results, adhering to budget constraints and scope specifications. This platform also supports oversight of not just individual projects but the entire portfolio of ongoing initiatives within your organization. Additionally, it consolidates all sales opportunities by allowing you to maintain a centralized repository of potential clients and their representatives. This integration enhances collaboration and efficiency, ultimately driving better project and sales outcomes for your team.

Qlorem provides a cutting-edge software-as-a-service platform that enhances project management through a unique method called the "dynamic digital twin of an organization," ensuring superior data integrity and swift AI incorporation. This forward-thinking approach is designed to give you a thorough and transparent overview of your project portfolio, which can lead to cost reductions, adherence to timelines, and increased team motivation. Users benefit from clear visibility into their current positions, transformation scopes, strategic objectives, and requirements. The platform offers immediate and significant insights into performance metrics, potential risks, and the realization of anticipated benefits. By utilizing a data-driven strategy for adaptive management, Qlorem equips teams to react quickly to emerging challenges, ensuring that goals are achieved efficiently. Projects can be planned and linked to the digital twin framework, allowing for seamless integration into the overall project roadmaps. Collaborative efforts to define scope from both business and technological perspectives enable effective task breakdowns to kick-start progress. Continuous monitoring and timely decision-making are vital for adapting to changing circumstances, which simplifies the navigation of project execution complexities. Furthermore, Qlorem not only empowers organizations to innovate and succeed but also fosters a culture of continuous improvement in an ever-evolving landscape. In this way, it helps companies stay competitive and responsive to market demands.

iCoPlan serves as an all-encompassing tool for project and portfolio management that integrates effectively within the project management ecosystem, allowing PMOs to maintain visibility and control over all portfolio-related information. This platform empowers users to streamline task organization, allocate resources efficiently, and manage project timelines, all while adapting to the evolving needs of the organization to align more closely with strategic goals and reduce risks. By leveraging existing Microsoft licenses, it employs the Power Platform and Planner to overcome the limitations associated with Excel in managing projects. iCoPlan boasts a variety of features, including document control, real-time visual reporting, management of critical-path tasks and project interdependencies, clearly defined project request workflows, stage-gates, RAID logs, and change-tracking functionalities. By centralizing data, the platform enhances automation and provides stakeholders with visual insights that promote increased engagement and collaboration, effectively narrowing the productivity gap while saving time and resources. Furthermore, iCoPlan's flexibility guarantees that it can adapt alongside the organization, continuously improving its project management features to meet emerging challenges and opportunities. Ultimately, this ensures that users can focus on driving success across all project initiatives.

Adobe Workfront is a highly regarded online management platform designed to assist contemporary businesses in prioritizing the most important tasks and delivering high-quality outcomes efficiently. In addition to accelerating delivery times, Workfront caters to a wide range of marketing teams. The software enables users to generate and review content, oversee project requests, organize and rank tasks, and utilize various reporting features alongside timeline planning and management tools. With its versatile capabilities, Workfront empowers teams to achieve success, whether they are tackling extensive projects or responding to spontaneous requirements, ensuring flexibility and efficiency in their workflows. Its comprehensive features make it an indispensable asset for any organization aiming to enhance productivity and collaboration.