Top Replex Alternatives

You have the option to utilize your preferred debugging software to address issues with your Kubernetes services on a local level. Telepresence, an open-source solution, facilitates the execution of a single service locally while maintaining a connection to a remote Kubernetes cluster. Originally created by Ambassador Labs, known for their open-source development tools like Ambassador and Forge, Telepresence encourages community participation through issue submissions, pull requests, and bug reporting. Engaging in our vibrant Slack community is a great way to ask questions or explore available paid support options. The development of Telepresence is ongoing, and by registering, you can stay informed about updates and announcements. This tool enables you to debug locally without the delays associated with building, pushing, or deploying containers. Additionally, it allows users to leverage their preferred local tools such as debuggers and integrated development environments (IDEs), while also supporting the execution of large-scale applications that may not be feasible to run locally. Furthermore, the ability to connect a local environment to a remote cluster significantly enhances the debugging process and overall development workflow.

Ambassador Edge Stack serves as a Kubernetes-native API Gateway that delivers ease of use, robust security, and the capability to scale for extensive Kubernetes environments globally. It simplifies the process of securing microservices by offering a comprehensive suite of security features, which encompass automatic TLS, authentication, and rate limiting, along with optional WAF integration. Additionally, it facilitates fine-grained access control, allowing for precise management of user permissions. This API Gateway functions as an ingress controller based on Kubernetes, and it accommodates an extensive array of protocols, such as gRPC, gRPC Web, and TLS termination, while also providing traffic management controls that help maintain resource availability and optimize performance. Overall, Ambassador Edge Stack is designed to meet the complex needs of modern cloud-native applications.

Kubecost provides instant insights and visibility into the costs incurred by teams working with Kubernetes, facilitating continuous reductions in cloud expenditures. Users can examine expenses tied to various Kubernetes components, including deployments, services, and namespace labels. It allows for the monitoring of costs across multiple clusters through a unified view or an API endpoint, offering flexibility for analysis. Furthermore, it connects Kubernetes spending with any external cloud services or infrastructure expenses, enabling a complete picture of financial commitments. Costs from outside sources can be directly attributed to specific Kubernetes elements, ensuring a detailed understanding of overall expenditures. The platform offers actionable recommendations for cost savings that maintain performance, allowing for adjustments in infrastructure or applications aimed at improving resource efficiency and stability. Through real-time notifications, potential budget excesses and risks of infrastructure failures can be detected early, preventing them from turning into larger problems. Kubecost also integrates seamlessly with collaboration platforms like PagerDuty and Slack, helping teams stay updated and responsive in their workflows. This comprehensive strategy ultimately equips organizations with the tools they need to effectively manage and optimize their spending on Kubernetes resources. By doing so, they can achieve greater financial efficiency while ensuring high performance and reliability across their services.

AWS Fargate is a serverless compute engine specifically designed for containerized applications and is fully compatible with Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) and Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS). This service empowers developers to focus on building their applications rather than dealing with server management hassles. With Fargate, there is no need to provision or manage servers, as users can specify and pay for resources tailored to their application needs, while also benefiting from enhanced security due to its built-in application isolation features. Fargate automatically allocates the necessary compute resources, alleviating the stress of instance selection and cluster scaling management. Users are charged only for the resources consumed by their containers, which helps to avoid unnecessary costs linked to over-provisioning or maintaining excess servers. Each task or pod operates in its own dedicated kernel, providing isolated computing environments that ensure secure workload separation and bolster overall security, which is crucial for maintaining application integrity. By embracing Fargate, developers can not only streamline their development processes but also enhance operational efficiency and implement strong security protocols, ultimately resulting in a more effective and agile application lifecycle. Additionally, this flexibility allows teams to adapt quickly to changing requirements and scale their applications seamlessly.

Spot Ocean allows users to take full advantage of Kubernetes, minimizing worries related to infrastructure management and providing better visibility into cluster operations, all while significantly reducing costs. An essential question arises regarding how to effectively manage containers without the operational demands of overseeing the associated virtual machines, all while taking advantage of the cost-saving opportunities presented by Spot Instances and multi-cloud approaches. To tackle this issue, Spot Ocean functions within a "Serverless" model, skillfully managing containers through an abstraction layer over virtual machines, which enables the deployment of Kubernetes clusters without the complications of VM oversight. Additionally, Ocean employs a variety of compute purchasing methods, including Reserved and Spot instance pricing, and can smoothly switch to On-Demand instances when necessary, resulting in an impressive 80% decrease in infrastructure costs. As a Serverless Compute Engine, Spot Ocean simplifies the tasks related to provisioning, auto-scaling, and managing worker nodes in Kubernetes clusters, empowering developers to concentrate on application development rather than infrastructure management. This cutting-edge approach not only boosts operational efficiency but also allows organizations to refine their cloud expenditure while ensuring strong performance and scalability, leading to a more agile and cost-effective development environment.

Karpenter optimizes Kubernetes infrastructure by provisioning the best nodes exactly when they are required. As a high-performance autoscaler that is open-source, Karpenter automates the deployment of essential compute resources to efficiently support various applications. Designed to leverage the full potential of cloud computing, it enables rapid and seamless provisioning of compute resources in Kubernetes settings. By swiftly adapting to changes in application demand and resource requirements, Karpenter increases application availability through intelligent workload distribution across a diverse array of computing resources. Furthermore, it effectively identifies and removes underutilized nodes, replaces costly nodes with more affordable alternatives, and consolidates workloads onto efficient resources, leading to considerable reductions in cluster compute costs. This innovative methodology improves resource management significantly and also enhances overall operational efficiency within cloud environments. With its ability to dynamically adjust to the ever-changing needs of applications, Karpenter sets a new standard for managing Kubernetes resources effectively.

Zesty offers a cloud infrastructure optimization platform that effectively addresses the needs of databases, storage, and computing, while also assisting businesses in lowering their cloud expenditures. Utilizing advanced machine learning and automation, Zesty empowers FinOps and DevOps teams with valuable insights tailored for real-time applications, ensuring that cloud resources are utilized in the most efficient manner possible. The Zesty Commitment Manager further enhances this by automating the optimization of EC2 discount plans and RDS, maximizing financial benefits while minimizing risks. Additionally, Zesty Disk intelligently adjusts EBS volumes based on the dynamic needs of applications, leading to improved storage efficiency, reduced downtime, and potential cost savings of up to 70%. Furthermore, Zesty Insights provides a comprehensive overview of possible savings, identifies unused resources, and delivers practical recommendations to help organizations prioritize their cost-saving efforts effectively. By leveraging these innovative tools, companies can significantly enhance their cloud management strategies and drive greater operational efficiency.

Boost financial accountability by utilizing efficient resource allocation and thorough monitoring of cloud metering and chargeback through NCM Cost Governance, previously recognized as Beam. This system empowers organizations to enhance visibility, optimize performance, and retain control over public, private, and hybrid multi-cloud environments, ensuring that cloud spending remains within manageable limits. By comprehensively understanding expenditures across various cloud platforms, firms can simplify cost management and governance processes in multi-cloud landscapes. Organizations can achieve significant savings through task automation, appropriate adjustments in resource sizes, and informed choices regarding reserved instance acquisitions. Costs can be allocated based on actual consumption, and a robust chargeback strategy supports governance initiatives effectively. The total cost of ownership is accurately captured, reflecting the genuine expenses tied to private cloud operations and including all relevant IT administrative costs based on tailored industry standards. Moreover, businesses can automatically produce reports that detail cloud usage, allowing for the assignment of untagged costs to specific financial centers, and they can set budget alerts to ensure spending stays within established thresholds, ultimately cultivating a culture focused on financial responsibility. This proactive strategy for managing cloud expenditures not only enhances transparency but also promotes informed strategic decision-making across the entire organization, thereby strengthening overall financial health.

An adaptable and user-friendly workload orchestrator, this tool is crafted to deploy and manage both containerized and non-containerized applications effortlessly across large-scale on-premises and cloud settings. Weighing in at just 35MB, it is a compact binary that integrates seamlessly into your current infrastructure. Offering a straightforward operational experience in both environments, it maintains low overhead, ensuring efficient performance. This orchestrator is not confined to merely handling containers; rather, it excels in supporting a wide array of applications, including Docker, Windows, Java, VMs, and beyond. By leveraging orchestration capabilities, it significantly enhances the performance of existing services. Users can enjoy the benefits of zero downtime deployments, higher resilience, and better resource use, all without the necessity of containerization. A simple command empowers multi-region and multi-cloud federation, allowing for global application deployment in any desired region through Nomad, which acts as a unified control plane. This approach simplifies workflows when deploying applications to both bare metal and cloud infrastructures. Furthermore, Nomad encourages the development of multi-cloud applications with exceptional ease, working in harmony with Terraform, Consul, and Vault to provide effective provisioning, service networking, and secrets management, thus establishing itself as an essential tool for contemporary application management. In a rapidly evolving technological landscape, having a comprehensive solution like this can significantly streamline the deployment and management processes.

OpenCost represents a collaborative open-source project that remains impartial to vendors, aimed at tracking and distributing costs related to cloud infrastructure and containers in real time. Crafted by specialists in Kubernetes and supported by industry professionals, OpenCost sheds light on the frequently unclear expenditure patterns tied to Kubernetes usage. It provides various adaptable options for monitoring and allocating costs associated with cloud resources, thereby enabling precise showback, chargeback, and ongoing reporting capabilities. With its real-time cost allocation, users can trace expenses down to the level of individual containers, ensuring meticulous oversight of financial flows. The tool proficiently manages cost distribution for in-cluster resources, such as CPU, GPU, memory, load balancers, and persistent volumes, making it a versatile asset. OpenCost also incorporates dynamic asset pricing through integration with billing APIs from major cloud providers like AWS, Azure, and GCP, while offering customized pricing solutions for on-premises Kubernetes clusters. In addition to monitoring Kubernetes cluster expenditures, it has the capability to track costs from various cloud services related to object storage, databases, and other managed offerings. Moreover, it effortlessly works in conjunction with other open-source applications, facilitating the export of pricing data to systems such as Prometheus, which amplifies its effectiveness in cost management. As such, OpenCost emerges as an all-encompassing tool for organizations aiming to exercise robust oversight over their cloud expenditures while optimizing resource allocation strategies.

Meet K8 Studio, the ultimate cross-platform IDE for managing Kubernetes clusters with ease. Deploy your applications seamlessly across top platforms such as EKS, GKE, and AKS, or even on your own bare metal servers, all with minimal effort. The interface provides an intuitive connection to your cluster, showcasing a comprehensive visual layout of nodes, pods, services, and other critical components. With just a single click, you can access logs, detailed descriptions, and a bash terminal for immediate interaction. K8 Studio significantly enhances your Kubernetes experience through its user-friendly features, making workflows smoother and more efficient. It includes a grid view that offers a detailed tabular display of Kubernetes objects, simplifying navigation through various components. The sidebar facilitates the rapid selection of different object types, ensuring an entirely interactive environment that updates in real time. Users can easily search and filter objects by their namespace, as well as customize their views by rearranging columns. Workloads, services, ingresses, and volumes are organized by both namespace and instance, making management straightforward and efficient. Furthermore, K8 Studio allows users to visualize the relationships between objects, providing a quick overview of pod counts and their current statuses. Immerse yourself in a more structured and effective Kubernetes management journey with K8 Studio, where every thoughtfully designed feature works to enhance your overall workflow and productivity. Embrace the power of K8 Studio and transform the way you manage your Kubernetes environments.

BMC Helix Cloud Cost is designed to help you effectively manage and optimize your cloud spending while staying within budget limits. This innovative solution focuses on reducing expenses across various cloud platforms, preventing budget overruns before they occur. It offers a comprehensive view of expenditures in both public and private cloud environments. Utilizing predictive analytics alongside automated alerts, the platform helps you avoid unexpected financial issues and ensures you meet your budgetary goals. Furthermore, it provides automated suggestions and actions to eliminate unnecessary costs, giving budget managers and stakeholders straightforward access to relevant data. As the number of cloud users continues to increase, the importance of ongoing cost management becomes even more apparent. Monitoring the cloud services you have acquired and their usage is essential for maintaining control over your spending. Regular evaluations and proactive optimization of resource consumption are vital strategies to prevent overspending. It’s advisable to identify and deactivate idle or underused services, recalibrate over-provisioned resources to align with actual demand, and set power schedules for particular workloads. Additionally, leveraging the advantages of reserved instances while automating your optimization processes can significantly improve overall efficiency. By implementing these strategies, you can maximize the returns on your cloud investments and ensure that every dollar spent contributes to your organization's success.

Contrail Insights equips operators with tools to oversee and visualize how workloads utilize infrastructure resources, while also aiding in capacity planning to uphold application performance. By utilizing Contrail Insights, software-defined data center operators gain a robust suite of tools that improve their visibility into both operational performance and resource allocation. In the realm of expansive multicloud networks, it is crucial for operations teams to access real-time and historical data regarding their infrastructure to ensure the reliability of services and minimize operational costs. Cloud infrastructure is often organized in various abstraction layers, and as operational automation increases, performance monitoring transitions to become the central focus, moving away from manual tasks. However, as the influx of telemetry data grows and abstraction layers are scrutinized to resolve issues within network infrastructure, the complexity of monitoring intensifies, presenting fresh challenges for operators. This transformation calls for a more advanced method of data analysis to adeptly navigate the intricate landscape of cloud resources, enhancing overall operational efficiency in the process. Ultimately, embracing these sophisticated analytical strategies is vital for maintaining a competitive edge in the evolving cloud environment.

CloudNatix offers a robust solution that effortlessly integrates with any infrastructure, whether located in the cloud, a physical data center, or at the network's edge, accommodating a wide range of platforms such as virtual machines and both self-managed and managed Kubernetes clusters. By merging your dispersed resource pools into a single, scalable cluster, this service is accessible through an intuitive SaaS model. Users are provided with a global dashboard that delivers a comprehensive overview of expenses and operational metrics spanning multiple cloud and Kubernetes platforms, including AWS, EKS, Azure, AKS, Google Cloud, GKE, and additional services. This all-encompassing perspective allows for an in-depth examination of each resource, encompassing individual instances and namespaces across different regions, availability zones, and hypervisors. In addition, CloudNatix promotes a streamlined cost-attribution system that transcends public, private, and hybrid cloud environments, along with various Kubernetes clusters and namespaces. The platform also automates the allocation of costs to specific business units according to your preferences, enhancing the financial management process within your organization. This level of integration not only simplifies oversight but also equips businesses with the tools needed to maximize resource efficiency and strategically refine their cloud initiatives. Ultimately, such capabilities provide organizations with a significant advantage in navigating the complexities of modern cloud management.

StormForge delivers immediate advantages to organizations by optimizing Kubernetes workloads, resulting in cost reductions of 40-60% and enhancements in overall performance and reliability throughout the infrastructure. The Optimize Live solution, designed specifically for vertical rightsizing, operates autonomously and can be finely adjusted while integrating smoothly with the Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) at a large scale. Optimize Live effectively manages both over-provisioned and under-provisioned workloads by leveraging advanced machine learning algorithms to analyze usage data and recommend the most suitable resource requests and limits. These recommendations can be implemented automatically on a customizable schedule, which takes into account fluctuations in traffic and shifts in application resource needs, guaranteeing that workloads are consistently optimized and alleviating developers from the burdensome task of infrastructure sizing. Consequently, this allows teams to focus more on innovation rather than maintenance, ultimately enhancing productivity and operational efficiency.

Fast-track your transition to a fully functional Kubernetes environment and enhance lifecycle management with Nutanix Kubernetes Engine, a sophisticated enterprise tool for Kubernetes administration. NKE empowers you to swiftly deploy and manage a complete, production-ready Kubernetes infrastructure using simple, push-button options while ensuring a user-friendly interface. You can create and configure production-grade Kubernetes clusters in mere minutes, a stark contrast to the days or weeks typically required. With NKE’s user-friendly workflow, your Kubernetes clusters are configured for high availability automatically, making the management process simpler. Each NKE Kubernetes cluster is equipped with a robust Nutanix CSI driver that smoothly integrates with both Block and File Storage, guaranteeing dependable persistent storage for your containerized applications. Expanding your cluster by adding Kubernetes worker nodes is just a click away, and scaling your cluster to meet increased demands for physical resources is just as effortless. This simplified methodology not only boosts operational efficiency but also significantly diminishes the complexities that have long been associated with managing Kubernetes environments. As a result, organizations can focus more on innovation rather than getting bogged down by the intricacies of infrastructure management.

Cloud Custodian offers users the ability to manage cloud assets effectively through a combination of filtering, tagging, and executing a range of actions. By employing a YAML-based domain-specific language, it facilitates the development of rules designed to uphold a cloud infrastructure that is both secure and cost-effective. This tool simplifies the management process by replacing intricate cloud-specific scripts with a more user-friendly syntax, ensuring that policies are consistently enforced throughout the infrastructure. It supports major public cloud services, including AWS, Azure, and GCP, and is currently beta-testing compatibility with Kubernetes, Tencent Cloud, and OpenStack. The platform enhances security by integrating directly with the control plane of various cloud providers, allowing for immediate resolution of potential problems. Additionally, it provides robust metrics and reporting features that empower users to schedule resource shutdowns during low-demand periods to reduce costs. The tool also aids in identifying and eliminating unused resources by examining utilization statistics, while its tagging functionality simplifies the oversight of underutilized assets. Moreover, Cloud Custodian can be deployed in multiple environments, whether executed locally, on an instance, or in a serverless architecture via AWS Lambda, which adds a layer of flexibility to its application. This adaptability not only optimizes resource management but also makes Cloud Custodian an essential asset for organizations striving to enhance their cloud operations. Ultimately, its comprehensive approach to cloud management contributes significantly to the overall efficiency and security of cloud resources.

Although numerous Kubernetes platforms allow users to establish and manage Kubernetes clusters, Loft distinguishes itself with a unique approach. Instead of functioning as a separate tool for cluster management, Loft acts as an enhanced control plane, augmenting existing Kubernetes setups by providing multi-tenancy features and self-service capabilities, thereby unlocking the full potential of Kubernetes beyond basic cluster management. It features a user-friendly interface as well as a command-line interface, while fully integrating with the Kubernetes ecosystem, enabling smooth administration via kubectl and the Kubernetes API, which guarantees excellent compatibility with existing cloud-native technologies. The development of open-source solutions is a key component of our mission, as Loft Labs is honored to be a member of both the CNCF and the Linux Foundation. By leveraging Loft, organizations can empower their teams to build cost-effective and efficient Kubernetes environments that cater to a variety of applications, ultimately promoting innovation and flexibility within their operations. This remarkable functionality allows businesses to tap into the full capabilities of Kubernetes, simplifying the complexities that typically come with cluster oversight. Additionally, Loft's approach encourages collaboration across teams, ensuring that everyone can contribute to and benefit from a well-structured Kubernetes ecosystem.

Binadox serves as a comprehensive solution for optimizing expenditures across multiple cloud environments, integrating the management of both Software as a Service (SaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) into a single platform. * Streamline SaaS subscription management and enhance cost efficiency * Gain visibility into cloud expenditures on platforms like AWS and Azure while preventing overspending * Address the challenges of Shadow IT and SaaS applications * Conduct in-depth analysis of cloud spending with tailored optimization recommendations The Binadox dashboard offers a holistic overview of all SaaS applications utilized by your organization, detailing authorized users, actual usage, and associated costs, empowering you to make well-informed financial decisions. This solution also facilitates multi-cloud monitoring for both AWS and Azure, ensuring proactive tracking of granular spending and providing alerts to prevent unexpected billing spikes. You can monitor essential cloud services such as compute, storage, and network resources. Additionally, the platform allows for a detailed examination down to individual components, like a specific virtual machine in EC2, providing insights into both the costs and usage patterns of each instance. With actionable recommendations for optimization at your fingertips, you can effectively manage resources. Furthermore, utilize an API, Proxy, or Agent for efficient discovery of SaaS application usage across your organization, ensuring you capture all relevant data for better oversight.

Spot by NetApp delivers an all-encompassing array of solutions tailored for cloud operations, focusing on the enhancement and automation of cloud infrastructure to guarantee that applications consistently access the necessary resources for optimal performance, availability, and cost-effectiveness. By leveraging advanced analytics and machine learning, Spot empowers organizations to potentially reduce their cloud computing expenses by as much as 90% through the strategic allocation of spot, reserved, and on-demand instances. The platform boasts a rich set of tools for managing cloud finances (FinOps), optimizing Kubernetes environments, and monitoring cloud commitments, thus providing complete visibility into cloud infrastructures and streamlining operations for improved efficiency. With Spot by NetApp, businesses not only accelerate their cloud adoption journeys but also enhance their operational flexibility while ensuring robust security protocols are upheld across both multi-cloud and hybrid environments. This innovative methodology fosters a more intelligent and budget-friendly approach to cloud resource management in a swiftly changing digital landscape, ultimately setting the stage for sustained growth and innovation. As organizations increasingly rely on cloud technologies, solutions like Spot become essential for navigating the complexities of modern IT demands.

Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) is a comprehensive managed platform that streamlines the deployment and administration of containerized applications. It boasts serverless Kubernetes features, an integrated continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) process, and strong security and governance frameworks tailored for enterprise needs. By uniting development and operations teams on a single platform, organizations are empowered to efficiently construct, deploy, and scale their applications with confidence. The service facilitates flexible resource scaling without the necessity for users to manage the underlying infrastructure manually. Additionally, KEDA provides event-driven autoscaling and triggers, enhancing overall performance significantly. Azure Dev Spaces accelerates the development workflow, enabling smooth integration with tools such as Visual Studio Code, Azure DevOps, and Azure Monitor. Moreover, it utilizes advanced identity and access management from Azure Active Directory, enforcing dynamic policies across multiple clusters using Azure Policy. A key advantage of AKS is its availability across more geographic regions than competing services in the cloud market, making it a widely accessible solution for enterprises. This broad geographic reach not only enhances the reliability of the service but also ensures that organizations can effectively harness the capabilities of AKS, no matter where they operate. Consequently, businesses can enjoy the benefits of enhanced performance and scalability, which ultimately drive innovation and growth.

The Nutanix Kubernetes Platform (NKP) enhances platform engineering by reducing operational hurdles and promoting consistency across diverse environments. It encompasses all the essential components for a fully operational Kubernetes environment within a seamlessly integrated, turnkey solution. This platform can be deployed in various settings, including public clouds, on-premises, or edge locations, with or without the Nutanix Cloud Infrastructure. Built from upstream CNCF projects, it ensures complete integration and validation while remaining easily replaceable, effectively avoiding vendor lock-in. By simplifying the management of intricate microservices, it also enhances both observability and security. Moreover, it features advanced multi-cluster management capabilities for Kubernetes deployments in the public cloud, allowing users to maintain their existing runtime without any alterations. Through the application of AI, the platform empowers users to optimize their Kubernetes experience by providing anomaly detection, root cause analysis, and an intelligent chatbot that shares best practices and promotes operational consistency. This all-encompassing strategy allows teams to redirect their efforts toward innovation, alleviating the burden of operational challenges. Ultimately, NKP not only streamlines processes but also fosters a culture of continuous improvement and agility within organizations.

Cloud Foundry streamlines and speeds up the tasks involved in creating, testing, launching, and scaling applications, while providing a range of cloud alternatives, developer frameworks, and application services. As a community-driven project, it is available through various private cloud distributions and public cloud platforms. With its container-centric design, Cloud Foundry accommodates applications developed in numerous programming languages. Users can launch applications on Cloud Foundry using their existing tools without the need for code modifications. Moreover, CF BOSH facilitates the creation, deployment, and management of high-availability Kubernetes clusters across diverse cloud environments. By decoupling applications from their foundational infrastructure, users gain the freedom to select the most suitable hosting options for their workloads—whether on-premises, in public clouds, or through managed services—and can transfer these workloads quickly, often within minutes, without changing the applications themselves. This remarkable flexibility empowers organizations to swiftly respond to evolving requirements and optimize their resource allocation efficiently, ultimately driving greater innovation and productivity.

EKS is a community-driven platform that supports the latest Kubernetes version and simplifies native cluster management. Acting as a plug-and-play solution for Tencent Cloud products, it enhances functionalities in storage, networking, and load balancing. Leveraging Tencent Cloud's sophisticated virtualization technology and solid network framework, EKS ensures a remarkable service availability rate of 99.95%. Furthermore, Tencent Cloud emphasizes the virtual and network isolation of EKS clusters for individual users, significantly boosting security. Users are empowered to create customized network policies using tools like security groups and network ACLs. The serverless design of EKS not only optimizes resource use but also reduces operational expenses. With its adaptable and efficient auto-scaling capabilities, EKS can adjust resource allocation in real-time according to demand. Additionally, EKS provides a wide array of solutions that cater to varying business needs and integrates seamlessly with numerous Tencent Cloud services, such as CBS, CFS, COS, and TencentDB products, among others, making it a flexible option for users. This holistic strategy enables businesses to harness the full advantages of cloud computing while retaining authority over their resources, further enhancing their operational efficiency and innovation potential.

Stacklet serves as a comprehensive, Cloud Custodian-based solution that equips businesses with robust management features and advanced functionalities to unlock their full potential. Created by the original developer of Cloud Custodian, Stacklet is currently utilized by numerous prestigious brands worldwide. The community surrounding this project is vibrant, with hundreds of active contributors from major companies like Capital One, Microsoft, and Amazon, and it continues to expand rapidly. As a top-tier cloud governance tool, Stacklet effectively addresses critical areas such as security, cost efficiency, and adherence to regulatory standards. Furthermore, Cloud Custodian enables management at scale, covering thousands of cloud accounts, policies, and geographic regions. It provides immediate access to best-practice policy sets that tackle business challenges conventionally. Additionally, users can benefit from data insights and visualizations to gauge policy health, track resource auditing trends, and identify anomalies. Moreover, cloud assets are available for real-time access, complete with historical changes and management oversight, ensuring businesses can maintain optimal cloud governance. This multifaceted approach not only enhances operational efficiency but also fosters a proactive culture of compliance and security within organizations.

Cut your infrastructure costs by one-third, reduce data center upgrades by a whopping 75%, and recover 30% of your engineering hours with improved resource management techniques. As applications grow more complex, they often place a heavy burden on teams striving to adapt to fluctuating demands. When application performance dips, teams frequently react too slowly, tackling issues at a pace that doesn't match the urgency required. To avoid service disruptions, businesses may end up overprovisioning resources, resulting in costly miscalculations that do not achieve the intended outcomes. The IBM® Turbonomic® Application Resource Management (ARM) platform alleviates this unpredictability, providing substantial savings in both time and costs. By automating critical actions in real-time with no need for human intervention, it maximizes the effective use of computing, storage, and network resources for your applications throughout all levels of the technology stack. This forward-thinking method empowers teams to prioritize innovation instead of merely managing maintenance tasks, ultimately fostering a more productive environment. Embracing such solutions not only enhances operational efficiency but also drives greater organizational agility.

Emma empowers users to choose the most appropriate cloud providers and environments, facilitating adaptation to changing needs while ensuring ease of use and oversight. It simplifies cloud management by consolidating services and automating key processes, effectively reducing complexity. The platform also automatically optimizes cloud resources, ensuring full utilization and decreasing overhead expenses. With its support for open standards, it grants flexibility that frees businesses from reliance on particular vendors. Moreover, through real-time monitoring and data traffic optimization, it helps avert unforeseen cost increases by managing resources efficiently. Users can set up their cloud infrastructure across a range of providers and environments, whether on-premises, private, hybrid, or public. The management of this unified cloud environment is streamlined via a single, intuitive interface. Additionally, users gain essential insights that boost infrastructure performance and help cut costs. By reclaiming authority over the entire cloud ecosystem, organizations can ensure compliance with regulatory requirements while promoting innovation and growth. This all-encompassing strategy equips businesses to remain competitive in a rapidly evolving digital realm, ultimately fostering their long-term success.

Umbrelly Cloud is a platform focused on optimizing AWS usage to lower cloud costs significantly. By utilizing shared AWS plans, it can deliver savings of up to 25%, providing a competitive edge for its users. On average, customers experience cost reductions of about 19.3%, all while maintaining high performance and service quality. The automated optimization process employed by Umbrelly guarantees adherence to AWS Terms and Conditions, ensuring a smooth user experience. Moreover, Umbrelly Cloud not only facilitates substantial financial savings but also enhances resource utilization, leading to better financial predictability for businesses. This dual benefit makes it an appealing choice for organizations looking to optimize their cloud expenditures.

Spend Shrink offers an excellent solution for organizations aiming to manage their AWS cloud expenses effectively. Our platform streamlines cloud billing by examining AWS usage to reveal substantial and meaningful savings opportunities. Spend Shrink provides comprehensive account overviews and tracks historical spending trends. Moreover, it equips users with actionable insights that enable them to optimize their cloud budgets and eradicate wasteful expenditures. What sets Spend Shrink apart from other tools is its dedicated focus on cost management, deliberately steering clear of unnecessary features that might divert attention from the primary objective of saving money. This makes it well-suited for businesses of all sizes, ranging from startups looking to maximize their budgets to large enterprises overseeing multiple AWS accounts. Our user-friendly dashboard not only grants complete visibility into cloud spending but also presents customized recommendations for cutting costs while maintaining performance standards. Additionally, Spend Shrink empowers users to make informed financial choices, thereby facilitating more efficient scaling of their operations and enhancing overall profitability.

Tailored for AWS Partners and customers, Parquantix emerges as a leading strategic partner for organizations seeking to monitor, analyze, and optimize their AWS usage in real-time through our innovative AI-powered tool, which guarantees the efficient deployment of AWS resources consistently. Our advanced platform boosts cloud compute and database performance by promoting the proactive acquisition and administration of reserved instances and savings plans. By leveraging our AI-driven software, companies can realize savings of as much as 60% in comparison to traditional on-demand pricing models. For qualifying partners, we present the option to finance the upfront fees for reserved instances and savings plans, distributing the costs over the entire duration of their usage. Partners can choose to hold reserved instances solely for the period they require, thereby avoiding the limitations associated with lengthy 1 or 3-year contracts. Furthermore, they have the opportunity to sell any unused reserved instances on the AWS Marketplace and upgrade to the latest generation instances, ensuring optimal price performance. Regardless of your sector, whether it be technology, e-commerce, or media, the lack of an automated optimization solution can lead to excessive cloud costs. By adopting our service, organizations can achieve considerable reductions in expenses and enhance their resource management capabilities. This proactive approach not only streamlines cloud spending but also fosters a more sustainable operational model.

Effortlessly develop applications without the burden of managing virtual machines or grappling with new tools—just launch your app in a cloud-based container. Leveraging Azure Container Instances (ACI) enables you to concentrate on the creative elements of application design, freeing you from the complexities of infrastructure oversight. Enjoy an unprecedented level of ease and speed when deploying containers to the cloud, attainable with a single command. ACI facilitates the rapid allocation of additional computing resources for workloads that experience a spike in demand. For example, by utilizing the Virtual Kubelet, you can effortlessly expand your Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) cluster to handle unexpected traffic increases. Benefit from the strong security features that virtual machines offer while enjoying the nimble efficiency that containers provide. ACI ensures hypervisor-level isolation for each container group, guaranteeing that every container functions independently without sharing the kernel, which boosts both security and performance. This groundbreaking method of application deployment not only streamlines the process but also empowers developers to dedicate their efforts to crafting outstanding software, rather than becoming entangled in infrastructure issues. Ultimately, this allows for a more innovative and dynamic approach to software development.

Anthos facilitates the secure and consistent creation, deployment, and management of applications, independent of their location. It supports the modernization of legacy applications that run on virtual machines while also enabling the deployment of cloud-native applications through containers in an era that increasingly favors hybrid and multi-cloud solutions. This application platform provides a unified experience for both development and operations throughout all deployments, resulting in reduced operational costs and increased developer productivity. Anthos GKE offers a powerful enterprise-level service for orchestrating and managing Kubernetes clusters, whether hosted in the cloud or operated on-premises. With Anthos Config Management, organizations can establish, automate, and enforce policies across diverse environments to maintain compliance with required security standards. Additionally, Anthos Service Mesh simplifies the management of service traffic, empowering operations and development teams to monitor, troubleshoot, and enhance application performance in real-time. The platform ultimately allows businesses to optimize their application ecosystems and adapt more swiftly to changing technological needs. By leveraging Anthos, organizations can position themselves for greater agility and innovation in the digital landscape.

Tencent Container Registry (TCR) offers a dependable, secure, and effective platform for managing and distributing container images. Users can set up tailored instances in multiple global regions, which facilitates access to container images from the nearest server, thus reducing both pull times and bandwidth costs. To protect sensitive data, TCR employs comprehensive permission management along with strict access controls. The service also includes P2P accelerated distribution, addressing performance constraints that may arise when large images are simultaneously retrieved by expansive clusters, which supports rapid scaling and updates for businesses. Moreover, the platform provides options for customizing image synchronization rules and triggers, allowing it to integrate smoothly with existing CI/CD pipelines for efficient container DevOps practices. Designed with containerized deployment in mind, TCR instances enable organizations to make dynamic adjustments to their service capabilities based on actual demand, making it especially beneficial during unexpected surges in traffic. This adaptability not only helps maintain peak performance but also supports long-term business growth and stability. Ultimately, TCR stands out as a vital resource for organizations seeking to optimize their container management strategies in a fast-paced digital landscape.

Run containers effortlessly without the hassle of establishing Kubernetes virtual machines or clusters, as we handle the installation, maintenance, and management of the software and runtime environment for you. This streamlined approach standardizes the creation of artifacts (images) in your CI/CD pipeline, allowing you to avoid any code modifications. You can choose your preferred programming language and leverage familiar tools to tackle even your most intricate problems. Pre-configured container instances are readily available to respond to any operational demand, eliminating cold starts and ensuring that workloads are processed swiftly. By executing containers directly within your VPC network, you can interact with virtual machines and manage databases while keeping them secured behind a private network. You will only pay for serverless data storage and operations, and thanks to our unique pricing structure, the first 1,000,000 container invocations each month are free of charge. This model enables you to concentrate on development without the burden of managing infrastructure, fostering innovation and efficiency in your projects. With this setup, you can scale effortlessly while ensuring that your applications remain agile and responsive.

HCL MyXalytics FinOps is an integral component of the HCLSoftware AI & Intelligent Operation framework, specifically focusing on Intelligent Full Stack Observability. This AI-powered solution provides insights and visibility into cloud financial operations, enabling users to visualize, manage, and optimize their multicloud expenditures while enhancing governance and bolstering security measures. With MyXalytics FinOps, organizations can tailor their visibility settings and establish policies that ensure effective governance practices. This capability is crucial for application and business leaders to avoid excessive costs, compliance challenges, and potential security threats. Furthermore, it includes tools for task assignment and monitoring, allowing teams to address identified issues and track their resolution throughout the entire process, thereby promoting accountability and efficiency. Overall, MyXalytics FinOps is designed to empower organizations in navigating the complexities of multicloud environments effectively.

CAST AI dramatically lowers your computing expenses through automated management and optimization strategies. In just a matter of minutes, you can enhance your GKE clusters with features like real-time autoscaling, rightsizing, automated spot instance management, and the selection of the most cost-effective instances, among others. With the savings forecast provided in the complimentary plan, you can visualize your potential savings through K8s cost monitoring. By enabling automation, you'll receive reported savings almost immediately while ensuring your cluster remains finely tuned. The platform is designed to comprehend your application's requirements at any moment, applying real-time adjustments to maximize both cost-efficiency and performance, going beyond simple recommendations. By leveraging automation, CAST AI minimizes the operational expenses associated with cloud services, allowing you to concentrate on developing exceptional products rather than managing cloud infrastructure concerns. Organizations that implement CAST AI experience improved profit margins without increasing their workload due to more efficient engineering resource utilization and enhanced oversight of cloud environments. Consequently, CAST AI clients typically enjoy an impressive average savings of 63% on their Kubernetes cloud expenses, illustrating the tangible benefits of optimization. This results in a more streamlined operational process, underscoring the value of adopting such an innovative solution.

Morpheus offers a range of advantages, including achieving a 30% reduction in cloud costs, provisioning at speeds 150 times faster, patching security vulnerabilities, and implementing hybrid-cloud automation more swiftly than ever before. By leveraging its self-service engine, Morpheus empowers businesses with enhanced agility, control, and operational efficiency. Users can swiftly establish private cloud access on-site, streamline access to public clouds, and facilitate changes through comprehensive cost analytics, governance policies, and automation tools. The platform enables management of public clouds, the creation of private clouds, and the consolidation of Kubernetes deployments, all within a unified interface. Applications can be provisioned via an on-demand catalog, API/CLI, ITSM solutions, or infrastructure-as-code methodologies. Additionally, it simplifies the complexities of authentication, access controls, policies, and security management. With features designed to automate lifecycles, optimize workflows, and ease the daily operations of IT teams, Morpheus also aids in inventorying existing infrastructure, adjusting resource sizes appropriately, monitoring cloud expenditures, and providing centralized visibility across multiple environments. This comprehensive approach not only enhances efficiency but also allows organizations to adapt rapidly to changing business needs.

Gravity Cloud serves as an Internal Developer Platform, empowering engineering teams to efficiently operate and manage cloud resources at scale. This feature-rich platform offers comprehensive control and insight into Kubernetes and database management, while also incorporating essential functionalities such as RBAC and CI/CD integration, among others. Additionally, Gravity ensures full transparency regarding costs associated with any cloud operations. The IDP plays a crucial role throughout the engineering team's lifecycle, enhancing productivity and minimizing the total cost of ownership for tasks that are not core to development. Ultimately, Gravity's IDP is crafted to optimize the entire software lifecycle, ensuring teams can focus on innovation and efficiency. By streamlining processes, it enables engineers to dedicate more time to creating value-driven solutions.

Leverage the capabilities within your Azure subscription to fully harness the advantages of cloud technology while implementing strong financial governance in your business. Keep track of resource usage and manage costs across all cloud platforms from a unified viewpoint, allowing you to access comprehensive operational and financial information that aids in making well-informed decisions. Establish governance measures to ensure effective oversight of enterprise cloud expenditures, improving accountability through budgeting, cost allocation, and chargeback systems. Elevate the returns on your cloud investments by persistently refining costs and adopting leading industry practices. Effortlessly manage expenses from both Azure and AWS through a single dashboard, which provides insights that enhance your cost management processes across both platforms. This approach not only fosters a more efficient and responsible cloud financial strategy but also aligns with your organization's broader objectives, ultimately driving better performance and sustainability in your cloud operations.

The onboarding process has reached new levels of simplicity, enabling completion in just a few minutes. With Pileus, you can create tagging policies that improve your oversight and management of your resource inventory. It effectively highlights both overutilized and underutilized cloud resources, allowing for prompt decisions that support your business goals. Pileus reveals all your cloud assets and provides a centralized dashboard for streamlined inventory management. By ensuring continuous monitoring and offering thorough visibility, you can significantly cut your cloud costs and avoid unexpected expenses. Take advantage of tailored insights that resonate with your financial priorities, ensuring you achieve maximum savings. Pileus utilizes innovative algorithms that enable users to explore Kubernetes in depth, identifying underutilization down to the Node level. You will receive customized recommendations specifically crafted for your setup, complete with straightforward implementation steps, aiding you in optimizing resource usage to meet your business objectives while reducing monthly costs. Furthermore, the platform features an easy-to-navigate interface that caters to users of all expertise levels, boosting overall efficiency and making resource management a breeze. Embracing such a user-friendly platform can lead to enhanced productivity and better resource allocation strategies for your organization.

CostVisualizer is a specialized AWS tool designed to analyze and visualize cloud spending and usage metrics effectively. It offers valuable insights into the cost structure of operations and includes various services, ranging from the implementation of Reserved Instances to advancements in security and financial oversight. By using Reserved Instances, users can achieve significant savings, potentially reducing costs by as much as 75% compared to conventional on-demand pricing by reserving computing resources in advance. This tool empowers users to enhance their AWS expenditure management by providing customized recommendations for Reserved Instances tailored to specific accounts, monitoring the utilization of purchased RIs, and showcasing the financial advantages brought by these savings. With its real-time cost monitoring capabilities, CostVisualizer simplifies the often convoluted AWS pricing model into a more accessible format. Moreover, it caters to the unique requirements of different organizations, supporting detailed financial management, which includes the adjustment of RI costs and the allocation of consumption taxes for various projects, thus ensuring a thorough and strategic approach to managing expenses. As a result, businesses can better understand their cloud spending and make informed decisions about their resource allocation.

Deploying production-ready Kubernetes clusters can be achieved in just a few days, enabling quick user and application onboarding. Navigate the intricate landscape of Kubernetes with a powerful and intuitive DevOps solution that reduces friction among teams, enhances collaboration, and boosts overall productivity. Nirmata's Kubernetes Policy Manager guarantees that your security, compliance, and governance standards are met, allowing for seamless scalability in your operations. You can efficiently manage all your Kubernetes clusters, policies, and applications from a unified platform, while also enhancing operational efficiency via the DevSecOps Platform. This platform is specifically designed to work seamlessly with a range of cloud providers, including EKS, AKS, GKE, and OKE, and supports infrastructure solutions such as VMware, Nutanix, and bare metal. By tackling the operational hurdles that enterprise DevOps teams encounter, this solution provides a set of comprehensive management and governance tools tailored for Kubernetes environments. Organizations that adopt Nirmata can expect not only improved workflow efficiency but also a significant overhaul in their Kubernetes operational processes, leading to a more cohesive and effective development cycle. Ultimately, Nirmata empowers teams to focus on innovation rather than getting bogged down by operational challenges.

Manage, deploy, and operate Kubernetes clusters from a centralized location across diverse environments with a powerful container orchestration solution that meets Kubernetes' promises. Designed specifically for large enterprises, Kublr enables multi-cluster deployments while offering crucial observability features. Our platform streamlines the complexities associated with Kubernetes, allowing your team to focus on what is truly important: fostering innovation and creating value. While many enterprise-level container orchestration solutions may start with Docker and Kubernetes, Kublr differentiates itself by providing a wide array of flexible tools that facilitate the immediate deployment of enterprise-grade Kubernetes clusters. This platform not only assists organizations new to Kubernetes in their setup journey but also empowers seasoned enterprises with the control and flexibility they need. In addition to the essential self-healing features for master nodes, true high availability requires additional self-healing capabilities for worker nodes, ensuring their reliability aligns with that of the entire cluster. This comprehensive strategy ensures that your Kubernetes environment remains both resilient and efficient, paving the way for ongoing operational excellence. By adopting Kublr, businesses can enhance their cloud-native capabilities and gain a competitive edge in the market.

IBM Cloud® Kubernetes Service provides a certified and managed platform for Kubernetes, specifically aimed at facilitating the deployment and oversight of containerized applications on the IBM Cloud®. It boasts features such as intelligent scheduling, self-healing mechanisms, and horizontal scaling, all while maintaining secure management of resources essential for the quick deployment, updating, and scaling of applications. By managing the master node, IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service frees users from the tasks associated with overseeing the host operating system, container runtime, and Kubernetes version updates. This enables developers to concentrate on the development and innovation of their applications rather than becoming mired in infrastructure management. Additionally, the service's robust architecture not only enhances resource utilization but also significantly boosts performance and reliability, making it an ideal choice for businesses looking to streamline their application deployment processes. This comprehensive approach allows organizations to remain agile and responsive in a fast-paced digital landscape.

Streamline the provisioning, management, and scaling of your computing infrastructure across any cloud platform, with the potential to cut costs by as much as 80% while maintaining compliance with service level agreements and ensuring optimal availability. Elastigroup serves as an advanced cluster management solution designed to boost performance and cost-effectiveness. It allows organizations, regardless of their size or industry, to leverage Cloud Excess Capacity efficiently, achieving significant savings of up to 90% on compute infrastructure expenses. With its innovative proprietary technology for predicting pricing, Elastigroup reliably allocates resources to Spot Instances, ensuring effective resource deployment. By forecasting interruptions and variations, the software adeptly adjusts clusters to preserve uninterrupted operations. Moreover, Elastigroup skillfully taps into surplus capacity from major cloud providers such as AWS EC2 Spot Instances, Microsoft Azure Low-priority VMs, and Google Cloud Preemptible VMs, all while reducing risk and complexity. This leads to a seamless orchestration and management process that scales effortlessly, enabling businesses to concentrate on their primary objectives without the hassle of managing cloud infrastructure. In addition, organizations are empowered to innovate more freely, as they can allocate resources dynamically based on real-time needs.

Kubernetes acts as the foundational framework for cloud infrastructures. Many organizations and individuals turn to Lens, hailed as the most comprehensive and advanced Kubernetes platform in the world, to create and oversee their Kubernetes environments. Lens Desktop easily integrates with any Kubernetes configuration, optimizing workflows and boosting efficiency. Its diverse user base encompasses developers, operations personnel, startups, and prominent enterprises. Furthermore, Lens Spaces, a cloud-based offering, amplifies its functionality by structuring existing Kubernetes setups and providing Managed Dev Clusters for improved team collaboration. Grounded in open-source values, Lens flourishes in a vibrant community supported by innovators in the Kubernetes and cloud-native fields. The intelligent terminal features both kubectl and helm, ensuring that the kubectl version is consistently aligned with the API version of the selected Kubernetes cluster. Lens also enhances configuration management by automatically adjusting the kubeconfig context to match the chosen K8s cluster, which positions it as a vital instrument for cloud-native development and operations. Ultimately, the seamless integration and user-friendly design of Lens establish it as an indispensable tool for anyone involved in the management of Kubernetes. With continuous updates and community support, it remains at the forefront of Kubernetes solutions.

Reducing cloud costs in IT requires a strategic approach that focuses on smart investments in resources that elevate overall value rather than just cutting expenses. To kick off this process, assess your Azure spending by identifying wasteful costs and underutilized resources, which could lead to a reduction of your monthly Azure bill by up to 25% without compromising service quality and availability. It’s essential to ensure your cloud services are organized and meet current regulatory and auditing standards. Employ trend analysis, resource tagging, and detailed breakdowns of expenses to refine your spending further. Take charge of your financial management with comprehensive reporting options that cater to operations, finance, and management teams. Utilize customizable dashboards, email notifications, and alerts for insights into cost drivers and unexpected expenses to keep your organization updated. This methodical strategy not only optimizes expenditure but also equips your organization with the knowledge needed to make savvy financial choices in the cloud environment, ultimately fostering a more efficient and responsive IT infrastructure.

Alibaba Cloud's Container Service for Kubernetes (ACK) stands out as a robust managed solution that combines multiple services such as virtualization, storage, networking, and security to create a scalable and high-performance platform for containerized applications. Recognized as a Kubernetes Certified Service Provider (KCSP), ACK meets the standards set by the Certified Kubernetes Conformance Program, ensuring a dependable Kubernetes experience and promoting workload mobility across various environments. This important certification allows users to enjoy a uniform Kubernetes experience while taking advantage of advanced cloud-native features tailored for enterprise needs. Furthermore, ACK places a strong emphasis on security by providing comprehensive application protection and detailed access controls, which empower users to quickly deploy Kubernetes clusters. In addition, the service streamlines the management of containerized applications throughout their entire lifecycle, significantly improving both operational flexibility and performance. With these capabilities, ACK not only helps businesses innovate faster but also aligns with industry best practices for cloud computing.

Ensuring predictable expenses in the cloud is crucial for every organization. Google Cloud provides a range of cost management tools that deliver the necessary visibility, accountability, control, and intelligence for organizations to scale confidently within the cloud environment. These tools are crafted to accommodate businesses of all sizes, simplifying complexities while boosting the predictability of cloud-related spending. By gaining enhanced visibility, organizations can effectively leverage data to foster accountability and promote responsible financial practices. Furthermore, companies can obtain more profound insights into their cloud expenditures by implementing flexible resource organization and accurate cost distribution across various departments and teams. By establishing strong financial governance and permissions, organizations can efficiently oversee their costs and reduce the likelihood of overspending, ensuring that only designated personnel have the authority to make purchases and access financial details. This thorough strategy ultimately equips businesses to successfully navigate their cloud transitions, all while exercising tight control over their financial resources. Moreover, this approach not only safeguards budgets but also encourages a culture of financial responsibility within the organization.

At FinOpsly, we are committed to delivering secure, efficient, and transparent solutions for financial operations. Our focus on transparency and collective responsibility is designed to improve how cloud costs are managed. By predicting your cloud spending and tracking it against your set budget, you can actively oversee and refine your multi-cloud environments. Beyond just transparency, we highlight the importance of shared responsibility in optimizing cloud costs, allowing for total ownership alongside smooth user onboarding and access governance. Our comprehensive policy management includes the administration of shared resources, accurate chargebacks, and collaborative strategies for cost management. You won't have to struggle with complicated cloud jargon; just ask your questions in plain language, and you will receive clear, actionable insights that cater to your specific needs. Moreover, our platform empowers you to uncover inefficiencies and pinpoint key opportunities for optimization through data-driven resource adjustments. Creating tickets is effortless thanks to our one-click integration with tools like Jira and ServiceNow, which ensures that necessary actions are implemented quickly and efficiently. By simplifying these processes, we strive to significantly improve your overall experience in managing cloud finances, making it both seamless and effective for your organization. Ultimately, our goal is to transform how you perceive and interact with cloud financial management.