Top Rocky Linux Alternatives

A comprehensive managed compute platform designed to rapidly and securely deploy and scale containerized applications. Developers can utilize their preferred programming languages such as Go, Python, Java, Ruby, Node.js, and others. By eliminating the need for infrastructure management, the platform ensures a seamless experience for developers. It is based on the open standard Knative, which facilitates the portability of applications across different environments. You have the flexibility to code in your style by deploying any container that responds to events or requests. Applications can be created using your chosen language and dependencies, allowing for deployment in mere seconds. Cloud Run automatically adjusts resources, scaling up or down from zero based on incoming traffic, while only charging for the resources actually consumed. This innovative approach simplifies the processes of app development and deployment, enhancing overall efficiency. Additionally, Cloud Run is fully integrated with tools such as Cloud Code, Cloud Build, Cloud Monitoring, and Cloud Logging, further enriching the developer experience and enabling smoother workflows. By leveraging these integrations, developers can streamline their processes and ensure a more cohesive development environment.

Kubernetes lays a strong groundwork for innovative concepts, allowing developers to accelerate their project delivery through a top-tier hybrid cloud and enterprise container platform. Red Hat OpenShift enhances this experience by automating installations, updates, and providing extensive lifecycle management for the entire container environment, which includes the operating system, Kubernetes, cluster services, and applications across various cloud platforms. As a result, teams can work with increased speed, adaptability, reliability, and a multitude of options available to them. By enabling coding in production mode at the developer's preferred location, it encourages a return to impactful work. With a focus on security integrated throughout the container framework and application lifecycle, Red Hat OpenShift delivers strong, long-term enterprise support from a key player in the Kubernetes and open-source arena. It is equipped to manage even the most intensive workloads, such as AI/ML, Java, data analytics, and databases, among others. Additionally, it facilitates deployment and lifecycle management through a diverse range of technology partners, ensuring that operational requirements are effortlessly met. This blend of capabilities cultivates a setting where innovation can flourish without any constraints, empowering teams to push the boundaries of what is possible. In such an environment, the potential for groundbreaking advancements becomes limitless.

Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) is an all-encompassing platform for container orchestration that is entirely managed by Amazon. Well-known companies such as Duolingo, Samsung, GE, and Cook Pad trust ECS to run their essential applications, benefiting from its strong security features, reliability, and scalability. There are numerous benefits associated with using ECS for managing containers. For instance, users can launch ECS clusters through AWS Fargate, a serverless computing service tailored for applications that utilize containers. By adopting Fargate, organizations can forgo the complexities of server management and provisioning, which allows them to better control costs according to their application's resource requirements while also enhancing security via built-in application isolation. Furthermore, ECS is integral to Amazon’s infrastructure, supporting critical services like Amazon SageMaker, AWS Batch, Amazon Lex, and the recommendation engine for Amazon.com, showcasing ECS's thorough testing and trustworthiness regarding security and uptime. This positions ECS as not just a functional option, but an established and reliable solution for businesses aiming to streamline their container management processes effectively. Ultimately, ECS empowers organizations to focus on innovation rather than infrastructure management, making it an attractive choice in today’s fast-paced tech landscape.

Our dedicated and virtual servers are the ideal solution for achieving your business goals, as we provide unmatched scalability, customized solutions, and an extensive array of services to meet your needs. With our commitment to excellence, you can trust that we will support your growth every step of the way.

Run all of your enterprise and cloud applications in a secure, high-performance environment powered by Linux. Amazon Linux 2, a Linux operating system provided by Amazon Web Services (AWS), delivers a security-focused, stable, and high-performance platform ideal for developing and running cloud applications. There are no additional costs associated with this operating system, and AWS consistently offers regular updates for security and maintenance purposes. Designed to support the latest features of Amazon EC2 instances, Amazon Linux 2 is optimized for enhanced performance and includes packages that enable smooth integration with a variety of AWS services. In addition, Amazon Linux 2 provides long-term support, which allows developers, IT professionals, and independent software vendors (ISVs) to take advantage of the reliability and consistency of a Long Term Support (LTS) release, all while accessing the latest versions of popular software packages. This thoughtful approach ensures users can enjoy an efficient workflow while maintaining high standards of security and performance, making it a reliable choice for modern cloud computing needs.

TrinityX is an open-source cluster management solution created by ClusterVision, designed to provide ongoing monitoring for High-Performance Computing (HPC) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) environments. It offers a reliable support system that complies with service level agreements (SLAs), allowing researchers to focus on their projects without the complexities of managing advanced technologies like Linux, SLURM, CUDA, InfiniBand, Lustre, and Open OnDemand. By featuring a user-friendly interface, TrinityX streamlines the cluster setup process, assisting users through each step to tailor clusters for a variety of uses, such as container orchestration, traditional HPC tasks, and InfiniBand/RDMA setups. The platform employs the BitTorrent protocol to enable rapid deployment of AI and HPC nodes, with configurations being achievable in just minutes. Furthermore, TrinityX includes a comprehensive dashboard that displays real-time data regarding cluster performance metrics, resource utilization, and workload distribution, enabling users to swiftly pinpoint potential problems and optimize resource allocation efficiently. This capability enhances teams' ability to make data-driven decisions, thereby boosting productivity and improving operational effectiveness within their computational frameworks. Ultimately, TrinityX stands out as a vital tool for researchers seeking to maximize their computational resources while minimizing management distractions.

Bright Cluster Manager provides a diverse array of machine learning frameworks, such as Torch and TensorFlow, to streamline your deep learning endeavors. In addition to these frameworks, Bright features some of the most widely used machine learning libraries, which facilitate dataset access, including MLPython, NVIDIA's cuDNN, the Deep Learning GPU Training System (DIGITS), and CaffeOnSpark, a Spark package designed for deep learning applications. The platform simplifies the process of locating, configuring, and deploying essential components required to operate these libraries and frameworks effectively. With over 400MB of Python modules available, users can easily implement various machine learning packages. Moreover, Bright ensures that all necessary NVIDIA hardware drivers, as well as CUDA (a parallel computing platform API), CUB (CUDA building blocks), and NCCL (a library for collective communication routines), are included to support optimal performance. This comprehensive setup not only enhances usability but also allows for seamless integration with advanced computational resources.

AWS ParallelCluster is a free and open-source utility that simplifies the management of clusters, facilitating the setup and supervision of High-Performance Computing (HPC) clusters within the AWS ecosystem. This tool automates the installation of essential elements such as compute nodes, shared filesystems, and job schedulers, while supporting a variety of instance types and job submission queues. Users can interact with ParallelCluster through several interfaces, including a graphical user interface, command-line interface, or API, enabling flexible configuration and administration of clusters. Moreover, it integrates effortlessly with job schedulers like AWS Batch and Slurm, allowing for a smooth transition of existing HPC workloads to the cloud with minimal adjustments required. Since there are no additional costs for the tool itself, users are charged solely for the AWS resources consumed by their applications. AWS ParallelCluster not only allows users to model, provision, and dynamically manage the resources needed for their applications using a simple text file, but it also enhances automation and security. This adaptability streamlines operations and improves resource allocation, making it an essential tool for researchers and organizations aiming to utilize cloud computing for their HPC requirements. Furthermore, the ease of use and powerful features make AWS ParallelCluster an attractive option for those looking to optimize their high-performance computing workflows.

The high-performance computing (HPC) features of Azure empower revolutionary advancements, address complex issues, and improve performance in compute-intensive tasks. By utilizing a holistic solution tailored for HPC requirements, you can develop and oversee applications that demand significant resources in the cloud. Azure Virtual Machines offer access to supercomputing power, smooth integration, and virtually unlimited scalability for demanding computational needs. Moreover, you can boost your decision-making capabilities and unlock the full potential of AI with premium Azure AI and analytics offerings. In addition, Azure prioritizes the security of your data and applications by implementing stringent protective measures and confidential computing strategies, ensuring compliance with regulatory standards. This well-rounded strategy not only allows organizations to innovate but also guarantees a secure and efficient cloud infrastructure, fostering an environment where creativity can thrive. Ultimately, Azure's HPC capabilities provide a robust foundation for businesses striving to achieve excellence in their operations.

Qlustar offers a comprehensive full-stack solution that streamlines the setup, management, and scaling of clusters while ensuring both control and performance remain intact. It significantly enhances your HPC, AI, and storage systems with remarkable ease and robust capabilities. The process kicks off with a bare-metal installation through the Qlustar installer, which is followed by seamless cluster operations that cover all management aspects. You will discover unmatched simplicity and effectiveness in both the creation and oversight of your clusters. Built with scalability at its core, it manages even the most complex workloads effortlessly. Its design prioritizes speed, reliability, and resource efficiency, making it perfect for rigorous environments. You can perform operating system upgrades or apply security patches without any need for reinstallations, which minimizes interruptions to your operations. Consistent and reliable updates help protect your clusters from potential vulnerabilities, enhancing their overall security. Qlustar optimizes your computing power, ensuring maximum performance for high-performance computing applications. Moreover, its strong workload management, integrated high availability features, and intuitive interface deliver a smoother operational experience than ever before. This holistic strategy guarantees that your computing infrastructure stays resilient and can adapt to evolving demands, ensuring long-term success. Ultimately, Qlustar empowers users to focus on their core tasks without getting bogged down by technical hurdles.

HPE Performance Cluster Manager (HPCM) presents a unified system management solution specifically designed for high-performance computing (HPC) clusters operating on Linux®. This software provides extensive capabilities for the provisioning, management, and monitoring of clusters, which can scale up to Exascale supercomputers. HPCM simplifies the initial setup from the ground up, offers detailed hardware monitoring and management tools, oversees the management of software images, facilitates updates, optimizes power usage, and maintains the overall health of the cluster. Furthermore, it enhances the scaling capabilities for HPC clusters and works well with a variety of third-party applications to improve workload management. By implementing HPE Performance Cluster Manager, organizations can significantly alleviate the administrative workload tied to HPC systems, which leads to reduced total ownership costs and improved productivity, thereby maximizing the return on their hardware investments. Consequently, HPCM not only enhances operational efficiency but also enables organizations to meet their computational objectives with greater effectiveness. Additionally, the integration of HPCM into existing workflows can lead to a more streamlined operational process across various computational tasks.

Warewulf stands out as an advanced solution for cluster management and provisioning, having pioneered stateless node management for over two decades. This remarkable platform enables the deployment of containers directly on bare metal, scaling seamlessly from a few to tens of thousands of computing nodes while maintaining a user-friendly and flexible framework. Users benefit from its extensibility, allowing them to customize default functions and node images to suit their unique clustering requirements. Furthermore, Warewulf promotes stateless provisioning complemented by SELinux and access controls based on asset keys for each node, which helps to maintain secure deployment environments. Its low system requirements facilitate easy optimization, customization, and integration, making it applicable across various industries. Supported by OpenHPC and a diverse global community of contributors, Warewulf has become a leading platform for high-performance computing clusters utilized in numerous fields. The platform's intuitive features not only streamline the initial installation process but also significantly improve overall adaptability and scalability, positioning it as an excellent choice for organizations in pursuit of effective cluster management solutions. In addition to its numerous advantages, Warewulf's ongoing development ensures that it remains relevant and capable of adapting to future technological advancements.

Design, manage, oversee, and improve high-performance computing (HPC) environments and large compute clusters of varying sizes. Implement comprehensive clusters that incorporate various resources such as scheduling systems, virtual machines for processing, storage solutions, networking elements, and caching strategies. Customize and enhance clusters with advanced policy and governance features, which include cost management, integration with Active Directory, as well as monitoring and reporting capabilities. You can continue using your existing job schedulers and applications without any modifications. Provide administrators with extensive control over user permissions for job execution, allowing them to specify where and at what cost jobs can be executed. Utilize integrated autoscaling capabilities and reliable reference architectures suited for a range of HPC workloads across multiple sectors. CycleCloud supports any job scheduler or software ecosystem, whether proprietary, open-source, or commercial. As your resource requirements evolve, it is crucial that your cluster can adjust accordingly. By incorporating scheduler-aware autoscaling, you can dynamically synchronize your resources with workload demands, ensuring peak performance and cost-effectiveness. This flexibility not only boosts efficiency but also plays a vital role in optimizing the return on investment for your HPC infrastructure, ultimately supporting your organization's long-term success.

NVIDIA Base Command Manager offers swift deployment and extensive oversight for various AI and high-performance computing clusters, whether situated at the edge, in data centers, or across intricate multi- and hybrid-cloud environments. This innovative platform automates the configuration and management of clusters, which can range from a handful of nodes to potentially hundreds of thousands, and it works seamlessly with NVIDIA GPU-accelerated systems alongside other architectures. By enabling orchestration via Kubernetes, it significantly enhances the efficacy of workload management and resource allocation. Equipped with additional tools for infrastructure monitoring and workload control, Base Command Manager is specifically designed for scenarios that necessitate accelerated computing, making it well-suited for a multitude of HPC and AI applications. Available in conjunction with NVIDIA DGX systems and as part of the NVIDIA AI Enterprise software suite, this solution allows for the rapid establishment and management of high-performance Linux clusters, thereby accommodating a diverse array of applications, including machine learning and analytics. Furthermore, its robust features and adaptability position Base Command Manager as an invaluable resource for organizations seeking to maximize the efficiency of their computational assets, ensuring they remain competitive in the fast-evolving technological landscape.

Fuzzball drives progress for researchers and scientists by simplifying the complexities involved in setting up and managing infrastructure. It significantly improves the design and execution of high-performance computing (HPC) workloads, leading to a more streamlined process. With its user-friendly graphical interface, users can effortlessly design, adjust, and run HPC jobs. Furthermore, it provides extensive control and automation capabilities for all HPC functions via a command-line interface. The platform's automated data management and detailed compliance logs allow for secure handling of information. Fuzzball integrates smoothly with GPUs and provides storage solutions that are available both on-premises and in the cloud. The human-readable, portable workflow files can be executed across multiple environments, enhancing flexibility. CIQ’s Fuzzball reimagines conventional HPC by adopting an API-first and container-optimized framework. Built on Kubernetes, it ensures the security, performance, stability, and convenience required by contemporary software and infrastructure. Additionally, Fuzzball goes beyond merely abstracting the underlying infrastructure; it also automates the orchestration of complex workflows, promoting greater efficiency and collaboration among teams. This cutting-edge approach not only helps researchers and scientists address computational challenges but also encourages a culture of innovation and teamwork in their fields. Ultimately, Fuzzball is poised to revolutionize the way computational tasks are approached, creating new opportunities for breakthroughs in research.

Don't compromise on the conventional security, throughput, and expenses associated with your current web application framework. Certified with JAVA EE 7, JEUS 8 serves as the web application server designed to facilitate the development, execution, and management of web applications. This platform enables the rapid creation of cloud environments and efficiently handles large-scale transactions. Meanwhile, WebtoB emerges as a cutting-edge web server that addresses the inherent structural issues found in traditional web servers. It boasts improved security features, robust error handling, and the capability to manage high-volume transaction processing. When utilized in conjunction, these products can significantly enhance overall performance and minimize network congestion, especially when deployed across separate servers. Together, they represent a unified approach to modern web application development and management.

Oracle's Container Engine for Kubernetes (OKE) is a managed container orchestration platform that greatly reduces the development time and costs associated with modern cloud-native applications. Unlike many of its competitors, Oracle Cloud Infrastructure provides OKE as a free service that leverages high-performance and economical compute resources. This allows DevOps teams to work with standard, open-source Kubernetes, which enhances the portability of application workloads and simplifies operations through automated updates and patch management. Users can deploy Kubernetes clusters along with vital components such as virtual cloud networks, internet gateways, and NAT gateways with just a single click, streamlining the setup process. The platform supports automation of Kubernetes tasks through a web-based REST API and a command-line interface (CLI), addressing every aspect from cluster creation to scaling and ongoing maintenance. Importantly, Oracle does not charge any fees for cluster management, making it an appealing choice for developers. Users are also able to upgrade their container clusters quickly and efficiently without any downtime, ensuring they stay current with the latest stable version of Kubernetes. This suite of features not only makes OKE a compelling option but also positions it as a powerful ally for organizations striving to enhance their cloud-native development workflows. As a result, businesses can focus more on innovation rather than infrastructure management.

AWS's High Performance Computing (HPC) solutions empower users to execute large-scale simulations and deep learning projects in a cloud setting, providing virtually limitless computational resources, cutting-edge file storage options, and rapid networking functionalities. By offering a rich array of cloud-based tools, including features tailored for machine learning and data analysis, this service propels innovation and accelerates the development and evaluation of new products. The effectiveness of operations is greatly enhanced by the provision of on-demand computing resources, enabling users to focus on tackling complex problems without the constraints imposed by traditional infrastructure. Notable offerings within the AWS HPC suite include the Elastic Fabric Adapter (EFA) which ensures optimized networking with low latency and high bandwidth, AWS Batch for seamless job management and scaling, AWS ParallelCluster for straightforward cluster deployment, and Amazon FSx that provides reliable file storage solutions. Together, these services establish a dynamic and scalable architecture capable of addressing a diverse range of HPC requirements, ensuring users can quickly pivot in response to evolving project demands. This adaptability is essential in an environment characterized by rapid technological progress and intense competitive dynamics, allowing organizations to remain agile and responsive.

xCAT, known as the Extreme Cloud Administration Toolkit, serves as a robust open-source platform designed to simplify the deployment, scaling, and management of both bare metal servers and virtual machines. It provides comprehensive management capabilities suited for diverse environments, including high-performance computing clusters, render farms, grids, web farms, online gaming systems, cloud configurations, and data centers. Drawing from proven system administration methodologies, xCAT presents a versatile framework that enables system administrators to locate hardware servers, execute remote management tasks, deploy operating systems on both physical and virtual machines in disk and diskless setups, manage user applications, and carry out parallel system management operations efficiently. This toolkit is compatible with various operating systems such as Red Hat, Ubuntu, SUSE, and CentOS, as well as with architectures like ppc64le, x86_64, and ppc64. Additionally, it supports multiple management protocols, including IPMI, HMC, FSP, and OpenBMC, facilitating seamless remote console access for users. Beyond its fundamental features, the adaptable nature of xCAT allows for continuous improvements and customizations, ensuring it meets the ever-changing demands of contemporary IT infrastructures. Its capability to integrate with other tools also enhances its functionality, making it a valuable asset in any tech environment.

The Elastic Fabric Adapter (EFA) is a dedicated network interface tailored for Amazon EC2 instances, aimed at facilitating applications that require extensive communication between nodes when operating at large scales on AWS. By employing a unique operating system (OS), EFA bypasses conventional hardware interfaces, greatly enhancing communication efficiency among instances, which is vital for the scalability of these applications. This technology empowers High-Performance Computing (HPC) applications that utilize the Message Passing Interface (MPI) and Machine Learning (ML) applications that depend on the NVIDIA Collective Communications Library (NCCL), enabling them to seamlessly scale to thousands of CPUs or GPUs. As a result, users can achieve performance benchmarks comparable to those of traditional on-premises HPC clusters while enjoying the flexible, on-demand capabilities offered by the AWS cloud environment. This feature serves as an optional enhancement for EC2 networking and can be enabled on any compatible EC2 instance without additional costs. Furthermore, EFA integrates smoothly with a majority of commonly used interfaces, APIs, and libraries designed for inter-node communications, making it a flexible option for developers in various fields. The ability to scale applications while preserving high performance is increasingly essential in today’s data-driven world, as organizations strive to meet ever-growing computational demands. Such advancements not only enhance operational efficiency but also drive innovation across numerous industries.

Amazon's EC2 P4d instances are designed to deliver outstanding performance for machine learning training and high-performance computing applications within the cloud. Featuring NVIDIA A100 Tensor Core GPUs, these instances are capable of achieving impressive throughput while offering low-latency networking that supports a remarkable 400 Gbps instance networking speed. P4d instances serve as a budget-friendly option, allowing businesses to realize savings of up to 60% during the training of machine learning models and providing an average performance boost of 2.5 times for deep learning tasks when compared to previous P3 and P3dn versions. They are often utilized in large configurations known as Amazon EC2 UltraClusters, which effectively combine high-performance computing, networking, and storage capabilities. This architecture enables users to scale their operations from just a few to thousands of NVIDIA A100 GPUs, tailored to their particular project needs. A diverse group of users, such as researchers, data scientists, and software developers, can take advantage of P4d instances for a variety of machine learning tasks including natural language processing, object detection and classification, as well as recommendation systems. Additionally, these instances are well-suited for high-performance computing endeavors like drug discovery and intricate data analyses. The blend of remarkable performance and the ability to scale effectively makes P4d instances an exceptional option for addressing a wide range of computational challenges, ensuring that users can meet their evolving needs efficiently.

IBM Spectrum LSF Suites acts as a robust solution for overseeing workloads and job scheduling in distributed high-performance computing (HPC) environments. Utilizing Terraform-based automation, users can effortlessly provision and configure resources specifically designed for IBM Spectrum LSF clusters within the IBM Cloud ecosystem. This cohesive approach not only boosts user productivity but also enhances hardware utilization and significantly reduces system management costs, which is particularly advantageous for critical HPC operations. Its architecture is both heterogeneous and highly scalable, effectively supporting a range of tasks from classical high-performance computing to high-throughput workloads. Additionally, the platform is optimized for big data initiatives, cognitive processing, GPU-driven machine learning, and containerized applications. With dynamic capabilities for HPC in the cloud, IBM Spectrum LSF Suites empowers organizations to allocate cloud resources strategically based on workload requirements, compatible with all major cloud service providers. By adopting sophisticated workload management techniques, including policy-driven scheduling that integrates GPU oversight and dynamic hybrid cloud features, organizations can increase their operational capacity as necessary. This adaptability not only helps businesses meet fluctuating computational needs but also ensures they do so with sustained efficiency, positioning them well for future growth. Overall, IBM Spectrum LSF Suites represents a vital tool for organizations aiming to optimize their high-performance computing strategies.

An adaptable and user-friendly workload orchestrator, this tool is crafted to deploy and manage both containerized and non-containerized applications effortlessly across large-scale on-premises and cloud settings. Weighing in at just 35MB, it is a compact binary that integrates seamlessly into your current infrastructure. Offering a straightforward operational experience in both environments, it maintains low overhead, ensuring efficient performance. This orchestrator is not confined to merely handling containers; rather, it excels in supporting a wide array of applications, including Docker, Windows, Java, VMs, and beyond. By leveraging orchestration capabilities, it significantly enhances the performance of existing services. Users can enjoy the benefits of zero downtime deployments, higher resilience, and better resource use, all without the necessity of containerization. A simple command empowers multi-region and multi-cloud federation, allowing for global application deployment in any desired region through Nomad, which acts as a unified control plane. This approach simplifies workflows when deploying applications to both bare metal and cloud infrastructures. Furthermore, Nomad encourages the development of multi-cloud applications with exceptional ease, working in harmony with Terraform, Consul, and Vault to provide effective provisioning, service networking, and secrets management, thus establishing itself as an essential tool for contemporary application management. In a rapidly evolving technological landscape, having a comprehensive solution like this can significantly streamline the deployment and management processes.

Arista's Extensible Operating System (EOS®) is the cornerstone of its groundbreaking cloud networking offerings specifically designed for contemporary data centers and cloud environments. Built with a focus on scalability, architectures powered by Arista EOS can accommodate vast numbers of computing and storage devices while delivering management and provisioning capabilities that function effortlessly at scale. The system's programmability enables a collection of software applications that automate workflows, guarantee high availability, and provide exceptional network visibility and analytics. Furthermore, it supports rapid integration with a wide range of third-party applications centered around virtualization, management, automation, and orchestration services. As a fully programmable and modular network operating system founded on Linux, Arista EOS utilizes a user-friendly industry-standard command-line interface (CLI) and runs on a consistent binary software image across the entire Arista switching lineup. This unique architecture not only boosts operational efficiency but also makes maintenance and upgrades across the network infrastructure far more straightforward. In essence, Arista EOS empowers organizations to optimize their network capabilities while adapting to the evolving demands of digital transformation.

The Nimbix Supercomputing Suite delivers a wide-ranging and secure selection of high-performance computing (HPC) services as part of its offering. This groundbreaking approach allows users to access a full spectrum of HPC and supercomputing resources, including hardware options and bare metal-as-a-service, ensuring that advanced computing capabilities are readily available in both public and private data centers. Users benefit from the HyperHub Application Marketplace within the Nimbix Supercomputing Suite, which boasts a vast library of over 1,000 applications and workflows optimized for high performance. By leveraging dedicated BullSequana HPC servers as a bare metal-as-a-service, clients can enjoy exceptional infrastructure alongside the flexibility of on-demand scalability, convenience, and agility. Furthermore, the suite's federated supercomputing-as-a-service offers a centralized service console, which simplifies the management of various computing zones and regions in a public or private HPC, AI, and supercomputing federation, thus enhancing operational efficiency and productivity. This all-encompassing suite empowers organizations not only to foster innovation but also to optimize performance across diverse computational tasks and projects. Ultimately, the Nimbix Supercomputing Suite positions itself as a critical resource for organizations aiming to excel in their computational endeavors.

Welcome to the OpenHPC website, a collaborative platform that emerged from a community-driven initiative focused on integrating crucial elements required for the effective deployment and management of High Performance Computing (HPC) Linux clusters. This effort includes an array of tools tailored for provisioning, resource management, I/O clients, development utilities, and a variety of scientific libraries, all meticulously designed with a priority on HPC integration. The packages provided by OpenHPC are pre-constructed to function as reusable building blocks for the HPC community, thereby ensuring both efficiency and ease of access. As the community continues to grow, there is a vision to establish and develop abstraction interfaces among key components to enhance modularity and interchangeability throughout the ecosystem. This initiative encompasses a wide range of stakeholders, including software vendors, hardware manufacturers, research institutions, and supercomputing centers, all committed to the smooth integration of popular components available for open-source use. In their collaborative efforts, they not only strive to stimulate innovation and teamwork in High Performance Computing but also aim to continuously improve the tools and technologies that define this dynamic field. This commitment to collective progress is essential for shaping the future landscape of HPC.

Amazon's EC2 P5 instances, equipped with NVIDIA H100 Tensor Core GPUs, alongside the P5e and P5en variants utilizing NVIDIA H200 Tensor Core GPUs, deliver exceptional capabilities for deep learning and high-performance computing endeavors. These instances can boost your solution development speed by up to four times compared to earlier GPU-based EC2 offerings, while also reducing the costs linked to machine learning model training by as much as 40%. This remarkable efficiency accelerates solution iterations, leading to a quicker time-to-market. Specifically designed for training and deploying cutting-edge large language models and diffusion models, the P5 series is indispensable for tackling the most complex generative AI challenges. Such applications span a diverse array of functionalities, including question-answering, code generation, image and video synthesis, and speech recognition. In addition, these instances are adept at scaling to accommodate demanding high-performance computing tasks, such as those found in pharmaceutical research and discovery, thereby broadening their applicability across numerous industries. Ultimately, Amazon EC2's P5 series not only amplifies computational capabilities but also fosters innovation across a variety of sectors, enabling businesses to stay ahead of the curve in technological advancements. The integration of these advanced instances can transform how organizations approach their most critical computational challenges.

OpenSVC is a groundbreaking open-source software solution designed to enhance IT productivity by offering a comprehensive set of tools that support service mobility, clustering, container orchestration, configuration management, and detailed infrastructure auditing. The software is organized into two main parts: the agent and the collector. Acting as a supervisor, clusterware, container orchestrator, and configuration manager, the agent simplifies the deployment, administration, and scaling of services across various environments, such as on-premises systems, virtual machines, and cloud platforms. It is compatible with several operating systems, including Unix, Linux, BSD, macOS, and Windows, and features cluster DNS, backend networks, ingress gateways, and scalers to boost its capabilities. On the other hand, the collector plays a vital role by gathering data reported by agents and acquiring information from the organization’s infrastructure, which includes networks, SANs, storage arrays, backup servers, and asset managers. This collector serves as a reliable, flexible, and secure data repository, ensuring that IT teams can access essential information necessary for informed decision-making and improved operational efficiency. By integrating these two components, OpenSVC empowers organizations to optimize their IT processes effectively, fostering greater resource utilization and enhancing overall productivity. Moreover, this synergy not only streamlines workflows but also promotes a culture of innovation within the IT landscape.

Mesos operates on principles akin to those of the Linux kernel; however, it does so at a higher abstraction level. Its kernel spans across all machines, enabling applications like Hadoop, Spark, Kafka, and Elasticsearch by providing APIs that oversee resource management and scheduling for entire data centers and cloud systems. Moreover, Mesos possesses native functionalities for launching containers with Docker and AppC images. This capability allows both cloud-native and legacy applications to coexist within a single cluster, while also supporting customizable scheduling policies tailored to specific needs. Users gain access to HTTP APIs that facilitate the development of new distributed applications, alongside tools dedicated to cluster management and monitoring. Additionally, the platform features a built-in Web UI, which empowers users to monitor the status of the cluster and browse through container sandboxes, improving overall operability and visibility. This comprehensive framework not only enhances user experience but also positions Mesos as a highly adaptable choice for efficiently managing intricate application deployments in diverse environments. Its design fosters scalability and flexibility, making it suitable for organizations of varying sizes and requirements.

Tungsten Clustering stands out as the sole completely integrated and thoroughly tested system for MySQL high availability/disaster recovery and geo-clustering, suitable for both on-premises and cloud environments. This solution provides unparalleled, rapid 24/7 support for critical applications utilizing Percona Server, MariaDB, and MySQL, ensuring that businesses can rely on its performance. It empowers organizations leveraging essential MySQL databases to operate globally in a cost-efficient manner, while delivering top-notch high availability (HA), geographically redundant disaster recovery (DR), and a distributed multimaster setup. The architecture of Tungsten Clustering is built around four main components: data replication, cluster management, and cluster monitoring, all of which work together to facilitate seamless communication and control within your MySQL clusters. By integrating these elements, Tungsten Clustering enhances operational efficiency and reliability across diverse environments.

Foundry introduces a groundbreaking model of public cloud that leverages an orchestration platform, making access to AI computing as simple as flipping a switch. Explore the remarkable features of our GPU cloud services, meticulously designed for top-tier performance and consistent reliability. Whether you're managing training initiatives, responding to client demands, or meeting research deadlines, our platform caters to a variety of requirements. Notably, major companies have invested years in developing infrastructure teams focused on sophisticated cluster management and workload orchestration, which alleviates the burdens of hardware management. Foundry levels the playing field, empowering all users to tap into computational capabilities without the need for extensive support teams. In today's GPU market, resources are frequently allocated on a first-come, first-served basis, leading to fluctuating pricing across vendors and presenting challenges during peak usage times. Nonetheless, Foundry employs an advanced mechanism that ensures exceptional price performance, outshining competitors in the industry. By doing so, we aim to unlock the full potential of AI computing for every user, allowing them to innovate without the typical limitations of conventional systems, ultimately fostering a more inclusive technological environment.

The AWS Parallel Computing Service (AWS PCS) is a highly efficient managed service tailored for the execution and scaling of high-performance computing tasks, while also supporting the development of scientific and engineering models through the use of Slurm on the AWS platform. This service empowers users to set up completely elastic environments that integrate computing, storage, networking, and visualization tools, thereby freeing them from the burdens of infrastructure management and allowing them to concentrate on research and innovation. Additionally, AWS PCS features managed updates and built-in observability, which significantly enhance the operational efficiency of cluster maintenance and management. Users can easily build and deploy scalable, reliable, and secure HPC clusters through various interfaces, including the AWS Management Console, AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI), or AWS SDK. This service supports a diverse array of applications, ranging from tightly coupled workloads, such as computer-aided engineering, to high-throughput computing tasks like genomics analysis and accelerated computing using GPUs and specialized silicon, including AWS Trainium and AWS Inferentia. Moreover, organizations leveraging AWS PCS can ensure they remain competitive and innovative, harnessing cutting-edge advancements in high-performance computing to drive their research forward. By utilizing such a comprehensive service, users can optimize their computational capabilities and enhance their overall productivity in scientific exploration.

Scientific Linux, a project supported by Fermilab, is primarily aimed at the High Energy and High Intensity Physics sectors, although its reach spans multiple industries worldwide and even includes some space applications. This operating system can be seen as a reimagining of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, which is under the ownership of Red Hat Inc (NYSE:RHT), and is frequently referred to in communication as “The Upstream Vendor” or “TUV.” By adopting the TUV designation, we make it clear that Scientific Linux functions autonomously and is not officially linked to or endorsed by the upstream source, highlighting this key distinction. Tailored for stability, scalability, and extensibility, Scientific Linux plays a crucial role in supporting scientific research by providing tools that ease the integration of scientific applications within their operating systems. The initiative promotes the open exchange of concepts, designs, and implementations, all geared towards creating a solid computing foundation for future technological progress. This collaborative endeavor not only aims to enhance scientific computing but also aspires to drive innovations that have the potential to transform a variety of disciplines. In doing so, it creates an environment that allows researchers to push the boundaries of what is possible in their respective fields.

There is no need to alter your current code or the methods of construction you are using. Profiling is a critical aspect for applications that run on multiple servers and processes, as it provides clear insights into performance issues related to I/O, computational tasks, threading, and multi-process operations. By utilizing profiling, developers gain a thorough understanding of the types of processor instructions that can affect performance metrics significantly. Additionally, monitoring memory usage trends over time enables you to pinpoint peak consumption levels and shifts in memory usage across the entire system. Arm MAP is recognized as a highly scalable and low-overhead profiling tool that can operate either independently or as part of the Arm Forge suite, which is specifically tailored for debugging and profiling tasks. This tool is particularly beneficial for developers working on server and high-performance computing (HPC) applications, as it reveals the fundamental causes of slow performance, making it suitable for everything from multicore Linux workstations to sophisticated supercomputers. You can efficiently profile the realistic test scenarios that are most pertinent to your work while typically incurring less than 5% overhead in runtime. The interactive interface is designed for clarity and usability, addressing the specific requirements of both developers and computational scientists, making it an indispensable asset for optimizing performance. Ultimately, leveraging such tools can significantly enhance your application's efficiency and responsiveness.

Slurm Workload Manager, formerly known as Simple Linux Utility for Resource Management (SLURM), serves as an open-source and free job scheduling and cluster management solution designed for Linux and Unix-like systems. Its main purpose is to manage computational tasks within high-performance computing (HPC) clusters and high-throughput computing (HTC) environments, which has led to its widespread adoption by countless supercomputers and computing clusters around the world. As advancements in technology progress, Slurm continues to be an essential resource for both researchers and organizations in need of effective resource allocation. Moreover, its adaptability and ongoing updates ensure that it meets the changing demands of the computing landscape.

The NVIDIA DGX Cloud offers a robust AI infrastructure as a service, streamlining the process of deploying extensive AI models and fostering rapid innovation. This platform presents a wide array of tools tailored for machine learning, deep learning, and high-performance computing, allowing enterprises to execute their AI tasks effectively in the cloud. Additionally, its effortless integration with leading cloud services provides the scalability, performance, and adaptability required to address intricate AI challenges, while also removing the burdens associated with on-site hardware management. This makes it an invaluable resource for organizations looking to harness the power of AI without the typical constraints of physical infrastructure.

Arm Allinea Studio serves as an extensive suite of tools tailored for the creation of server and high-performance computing (HPC) applications specifically optimized for Arm architecture. It encompasses a range of specialized compilers and libraries designed for Arm, alongside powerful debugging and optimization features. The Arm Performance Libraries deliver finely-tuned core mathematical libraries that significantly enhance the efficiency of HPC applications operating on Arm processors. These libraries are equipped with routines that are accessible via both Fortran and C interfaces, offering developers a versatile development environment. Moreover, the Arm Performance Libraries utilize OpenMP across numerous routines, such as BLAS, LAPACK, FFT, and sparse operations, to maximally harness the potential of multi-processor systems, thus greatly improving application performance. Additionally, the suite ensures streamlined integration and enhances workflow, establishing itself as an indispensable toolkit for developers navigating the HPC realm. This comprehensive approach not only optimizes performance but also simplifies the development process, making it easier for engineers to innovate and implement complex solutions.

Create a hybrid storage solution that flawlessly merges with your existing network-attached storage (NAS) and Azure Blob Storage. This local caching appliance boosts data accessibility within your data center, in Azure, or across a wide-area network (WAN). Featuring both software and hardware, the Microsoft Azure FXT Edge Filer provides outstanding throughput and low latency, making it perfect for hybrid storage systems designed to meet high-performance computing (HPC) requirements. Its scale-out clustering capability ensures continuous enhancements to NAS performance. You can connect as many as 24 FXT nodes within a single cluster, allowing for the achievement of millions of IOPS along with hundreds of GB/s of performance. When high performance and scalability are essential for file-based workloads, Azure FXT Edge Filer guarantees that your data stays on the fastest path to processing resources. Managing your storage infrastructure is simplified with Azure FXT Edge Filer, which facilitates the migration of older data to Azure Blob Storage while ensuring easy access with minimal latency. This approach promotes a balanced relationship between on-premises and cloud storage solutions. The hybrid architecture not only optimizes data management but also significantly improves operational efficiency, resulting in a more streamlined storage ecosystem that can adapt to evolving business needs. Moreover, this solution ensures that your organization can respond quickly to data demands while keeping costs in check.

Amazon EC2 UltraClusters provide the ability to scale up to thousands of GPUs or specialized machine learning accelerators such as AWS Trainium, offering immediate access to performance comparable to supercomputing. They democratize advanced computing for developers working in machine learning, generative AI, and high-performance computing through a straightforward pay-as-you-go model, which removes the burden of setup and maintenance costs. These UltraClusters consist of numerous accelerated EC2 instances that are optimally organized within a particular AWS Availability Zone and interconnected through Elastic Fabric Adapter (EFA) networking over a petabit-scale nonblocking network. This cutting-edge arrangement ensures enhanced networking performance and includes access to Amazon FSx for Lustre, a fully managed shared storage system that is based on a high-performance parallel file system, enabling the efficient processing of large datasets with latencies in the sub-millisecond range. Additionally, EC2 UltraClusters support greater scalability for distributed machine learning training and seamlessly integrated high-performance computing tasks, thereby significantly reducing the time required for training. This infrastructure not only meets but exceeds the requirements for the most demanding computational applications, making it an essential tool for modern developers. With such capabilities, organizations can tackle complex challenges with confidence and efficiency.

High-performance computing (HPC) is a crucial aspect for various applications, including AI, machine learning, and deep learning. The Intel® oneAPI HPC Toolkit (HPC Kit) provides developers with vital resources to create, analyze, improve, and scale HPC applications by leveraging cutting-edge techniques in vectorization, multithreading, multi-node parallelization, and effective memory management. This toolkit is a key addition to the Intel® oneAPI Base Toolkit, which is essential for unlocking its full potential. Furthermore, it offers users access to the Intel® Distribution for Python*, the Intel® oneAPI DPC++/C++ compiler, a comprehensive suite of powerful data-centric libraries, and advanced analysis tools. Everything you need to build, test, and enhance your oneAPI projects is available completely free of charge. By registering for an Intel® Developer Cloud account, you receive 120 days of complimentary access to the latest Intel® hardware—including CPUs, GPUs, and FPGAs—as well as the entire suite of Intel oneAPI tools and frameworks. This streamlined experience is designed to be user-friendly, requiring no software downloads, configuration, or installation, making it accessible to developers across all skill levels. Ultimately, the Intel® oneAPI HPC Toolkit empowers developers to fully harness the capabilities of high-performance computing in their projects.

The Simple Application Server serves as a sophisticated computing solution tailored for independent application requirements. Its one-click deployment feature simplifies a multitude of services, such as domain name resolution, website publishing, security, operations and maintenance, and application management, ultimately improving the user experience for individuals setting up basic applications. This service is especially advantageous for beginners who are exploring cloud computing options, as it greatly simplifies the entire setup process. Users are presented with a range of pre-configured application images, including popular platforms like WordPress, LAMP, Docker, Plesk, and cPanel, which allows them to leverage ready-to-use applications without the inconvenience of manual uploads or installations. Moreover, it provides a clean operating system devoid of any pre-installed software, giving users the freedom to install applications that specifically meet their business requirements. The operating system images are aimed at those who possess a solid grasp of operating systems and application environment configurations. In addition, users can create custom images for more efficient deployment of multiple Simple Application Servers, which enhances operational flexibility. This capability not only allows businesses to adjust their server environments effortlessly but also ensures that they can respond swiftly to changing needs and demands in the market. Ultimately, the Simple Application Server stands out as an essential tool for both novice and experienced users looking to optimize their application deployment processes.

Practitioners working with microservices often realize that the majority of operational challenges faced during the shift to a distributed system arise from two main issues: networking and observability. The complexity involved in troubleshooting a network of interlinked distributed services is far more challenging than that of a conventional monolithic application. Envoy serves as a robust, self-contained server with a small memory footprint that can integrate smoothly with any programming language or framework. It provides advanced load balancing features, including automatic retries, circuit breaking, global rate limiting, and request shadowing, along with local load balancing tailored for specific zones. Additionally, Envoy offers extensive APIs that allow for dynamic configuration management, empowering users to adjust to evolving requirements. This adaptability, combined with its powerful functionalities, positions Envoy as an essential tool for enhancing the efficiency and reliability of any microservices architecture. As organizations continue to embrace distributed systems, the importance of tools like Envoy will only grow in significance.

IBM® z/OS® utilizes the powerful features of the IBM Z® platform to drive business transformation and promote innovation. It ensures a secure and stable environment crucial for optimizing performance in critical operations while equipping organizations to meet future demands. This operating system is crafted for high security and scalability, making it well-suited for vital applications. The sophisticated IBM® z16™ platform accelerates decision-making processes and protects your operations against potential threats, all while seamlessly integrating into hybrid cloud environments. With IBM z/OS V2.5, companies can tap into state-of-the-art development capabilities to enhance their hybrid cloud and AI applications, alongside sophisticated technologies concentrated on security and resilience. Moreover, a continuous delivery model guarantees that new z/OS features are rolled out quarterly without sacrificing stability, complexity, or costs, which facilitates rapid application development and deployment in hybrid cloud ecosystems. The system also provides a modernized experience that simplifies installation and management tasks, thereby boosting operational efficiency. By leveraging these advancements, organizations can adopt a transformative strategy for their IT infrastructure, ensuring they stay ahead in an ever-changing digital landscape. Furthermore, this approach enables businesses to innovate consistently while maintaining the agility required to respond to market changes.

DxEnterprise is an adaptable Smart Availability software that functions across various platforms, utilizing its patented technology to support environments such as Windows Server, Linux, and Docker. This software efficiently manages a range of workloads at the instance level while also extending its functionality to Docker containers. Specifically designed to optimize native and containerized Microsoft SQL Server deployments across all platforms, DxEnterprise (DxE) serves as a crucial tool for database administrators. It also demonstrates exceptional capability in managing Oracle databases specifically on Windows systems. In addition to its compatibility with Windows file shares and services, DxE supports an extensive array of Docker containers on both Windows and Linux platforms, encompassing widely used relational database management systems like Oracle, MySQL, PostgreSQL, MariaDB, and MongoDB. Moreover, it provides support for cloud-native SQL Server availability groups (AGs) within containers, ensuring seamless compatibility with Kubernetes clusters and a variety of infrastructure configurations. DxE's integration with Azure shared disks significantly enhances high availability for clustered SQL Server instances in cloud environments, making it a prime choice for companies looking for reliability in their database operations. With its powerful features and adaptability, DxE stands out as an indispensable asset for organizations striving to provide continuous service and achieve peak performance. Additionally, the software's ability to integrate with existing systems ensures a smooth transition and minimizes disruption during implementation.

tc Server serves as a web application server that enhances the capabilities of the open-source Apache Tomcat framework. It preserves the core advantages of Tomcat while integrating essential operational features absent in the open-source edition. By utilizing conventional Java EE architectures, tc Server mitigates the complexities and performance challenges typically encountered, facilitating a smoother development and operation process for cloud-compatible applications. Its optimized architecture and lower memory consumption result in significantly reduced resource demands in comparison to traditional servers, allowing for greater server density in virtual and cloud environments. Additionally, this efficiency translates into cost reductions and offers a boost in overall application performance, which is crucial for thriving in a competitive digital arena. Ultimately, tc Server represents a strategic choice for organizations aiming to optimize their web applications and infrastructure.

A comprehensive "virtual data center" solution designed for the seamless administration, deployment, and management of advanced web services. This system adeptly supports a multitude of server types, complex deployments, geo-distributed infrastructures, and setups focused on disaster recovery and high availability. Utilizing state-of-the-art hypervisor technology alongside fast, scalable SSD block storage, it establishes a dependable framework for websites, web applications, and various online services. The platform is capable of hosting large, customizable virtual servers that can be adjusted whenever necessary, making it particularly suitable for demanding workloads. By harnessing the latest in hypervisor advancements and high-speed, expandable SSD storage, it is well-equipped to fulfill the requirements of contemporary businesses. This innovative system promotes the creation, rapid deployment, and uninterrupted operation of mission-critical applications. With its impressive vertical and horizontal autoscaling capabilities, it offers robust support for a variety of programming languages and frameworks, including Java, PHP, Ruby, Python, Node.js, and Golang, as well as container orchestration tools such as Docker and Kubernetes. Our services also include optional features aimed at ensuring security, optimizing performance, maintaining availability, and simplifying management processes. We take pride in providing customized solutions that cater to your precise requirements, whether they involve backup strategies, VPN services, high uptime demands, or data protection initiatives. By collaborating with us, you can enhance your infrastructure and guarantee that your services function seamlessly and effectively, paving the way for future technological advancements.

ClusterVisor is an innovative system that excels in managing HPC clusters, providing users with a comprehensive set of tools for deployment, provisioning, monitoring, and maintenance throughout the entire lifecycle of the cluster. Its diverse installation options include an appliance-based deployment that effectively isolates cluster management from the head node, thereby enhancing the overall reliability of the system. Equipped with LogVisor AI, it features an intelligent log file analysis system that uses artificial intelligence to classify logs by severity, which is crucial for generating timely and actionable alerts. In addition, ClusterVisor simplifies node configuration and management through various specialized tools, facilitates user and group account management, and offers customizable dashboards that present data visually across the cluster while enabling comparisons among different nodes or devices. The platform also prioritizes disaster recovery by preserving system images for node reinstallation, includes a user-friendly web-based tool for visualizing rack diagrams, and delivers extensive statistics and monitoring capabilities. With all these features, it proves to be an essential resource for HPC cluster administrators, ensuring that they can efficiently manage their computing environments. Ultimately, ClusterVisor not only enhances operational efficiency but also supports the long-term sustainability of high-performance computing systems.

Red Hat Advanced Cluster Management for Kubernetes offers a centralized platform for monitoring clusters and applications, integrated with security policies. It enriches the functionalities of Red Hat OpenShift, enabling seamless application deployment, efficient management of multiple clusters, and the establishment of policies across a wide range of clusters at scale. This solution ensures compliance, monitors usage, and preserves consistency throughout deployments. Included with Red Hat OpenShift Platform Plus, it features a comprehensive set of robust tools aimed at securing, protecting, and effectively managing applications. Users benefit from the flexibility to operate in any environment supporting Red Hat OpenShift, allowing for the management of any Kubernetes cluster within their infrastructure. The self-service provisioning capability accelerates development pipelines, facilitating rapid deployment of both legacy and cloud-native applications across distributed clusters. Additionally, the self-service cluster deployment feature enhances IT departments' efficiency by automating the application delivery process, enabling a focus on higher-level strategic goals. Consequently, organizations realize improved efficiency and agility within their IT operations while enhancing collaboration across teams. This streamlined approach not only optimizes resource allocation but also fosters innovation through faster time-to-market for new applications.

Evidian SafeKit is a powerful software solution designed to ensure high availability of essential applications on both Windows and Linux platforms. This all-encompassing tool integrates multiple functionalities such as load balancing, real-time synchronous file replication, and automatic failover for applications, along with seamless failback following server disruptions, all within a single product. By doing this, it eliminates the need for extra hardware like network load balancers or shared disks, thus reducing the necessity for expensive enterprise versions of operating systems and databases. SafeKit’s advanced software clustering enables users to create mirror clusters for real-time data replication and failover, as well as farm clusters that support both load balancing and application failover. Additionally, it accommodates sophisticated setups like farm plus mirror clusters and active-active clusters, which significantly enhance both flexibility and performance. The innovative shared-nothing architecture notably simplifies deployment, making it highly suitable for remote sites by avoiding the complications usually linked with shared disk clusters. Overall, SafeKit stands out as an effective and efficient solution for upholding application availability and ensuring data integrity in a variety of operational environments. Its versatility and reliability make it a preferred choice for organizations seeking to optimize their IT infrastructure.

SUSE Linux Micro is a highly efficient, container-centric Linux operating system designed for edge computing and microservices. Its compact size enhances both security and performance, which is particularly beneficial for deploying applications in containerized environments. This platform supports fast, scalable, and cost-effective cloud-native development, especially suited for scenarios with constrained resources. Equipped with built-in automation tools and complete Kubernetes compatibility, SUSE Linux Micro guarantees smooth integration into modern containerized infrastructures. Its architecture is crafted to meet the demands of developers and IT operations teams, enabling them to effectively deploy and manage applications in various distributed settings. Furthermore, the lightweight and powerful features make it an attractive option for organizations aiming to strengthen their container initiatives. As such, SUSE Linux Micro stands out as a pivotal solution in the evolving landscape of cloud-native technologies.