Top TeamSpeak Alternatives

Guru is an innovative AI-driven search and knowledge platform that provides reliable information from your organization's various documents, applications, and communication tools right when you need it, all within the existing apps you use. With Guru, there's no need to search endlessly for information; its tailored AI assistant offers you verified and pertinent answers instantly. Moreover, Guru's AI can transform these responses into a comprehensive knowledge platform, effectively replacing outdated wikis and intranets. This platform seamlessly integrates with a wide array of tools including Slack, Google, Microsoft SharePoint, OneDrive, Teams, Salesforce, Zendesk, Atlassian Confluence, Atlassian Jira, Dropbox, Box, Google Drive, Asana, HubSpot, ClickUp, GitHub, GitLab, Intercom, ServiceNow, Linear, and Front, among others, making it a versatile solution for diverse workflows. By consolidating information across these platforms, Guru not only enhances productivity but also ensures that team members have immediate access to the knowledge they require to excel in their tasks.

Introducing a Push-to-Talk mobile application that enables real-time communication with both individuals and groups across the world. Users can receive messages from all channels and contacts instantly while focusing on a specific individual or group, as other messages will be stored in History. This ensures that your communication remains uninterrupted, with all messages being archived, allowing for re-recording within a seven-day period. The application conveniently saves your latest and missed messages, providing alerts for easy access. To review or replay any previous conversations, simply use the History button available on every screen. Additionally, users can send alerts to specific individuals or groups, with the option to attach text notes to these alerts. Recipients will be notified through audible or vibrating alerts until they respond or dismiss the notification. The app also showcases the most recent messages and alerts received from all channels and contacts, and tapping on a recent message will open the Talk screen for further interaction. With this application, staying connected with others has never been easier or more efficient.

Discord is a free communication platform designed specifically for gamers, accessible on both desktop computers and mobile devices. Every day, millions of people utilize this popular gaming app to connect with friends through voice or text chats, and they can also stream their gameplay in high-definition to other members of the Discord community. Beyond the ease of organizing voice or text meetings, the platform provides functionalities that assist users in finding new players or teammates, exploring specific groups or activities, or simply chatting about gaming during their free time. One of the most notable aspects of Discord is its adaptability; it serves all varieties of games, making it the perfect tool for facilitating communication, regardless of the gaming experience you desire. Moreover, its user-friendly interface and extensive range of features contribute to its status as a go-to choice for gamers everywhere.

We are in the process of creating a groundbreaking platform that aims to deliver comprehensive online esports infrastructure tailored for essential stakeholders in the gaming world, such as players, event organizers, and game developers. Our multidisciplinary team is made up of dedicated gamers, technology aficionados, athletes, content creators, and forward-thinkers who are experts in their individual domains. With experience from prestigious companies like Google, Microsoft, ESL, Twitch, and Spotify, our collective expertise is enriched by a mutual love for gaming, which includes backgrounds as professional esports athletes. By merging exceptional technical capabilities with business acumen and a deep understanding of the esports environment, we are constructing a platform that fully realizes the potential of competitive gaming. If you are passionate about working alongside skilled professionals and eager to influence the future of esports, we would be excited to receive your application! Together, we can embark on this thrilling journey to transform the esports landscape for the better. Your contributions could play a vital role in this evolution.

Esports Planner serves as a superior option compared to Google Calendar, offering comprehensive tools for the effective management of your esports team. With this platform, you can seamlessly organize your upcoming team events, coordinate scrimmages using the calendar feature, keep track of player absences, receive timely reminders about events through Discord, and develop strategies collaboratively. Additionally, its user-friendly interface enhances team communication and boosts overall productivity.

Battlefy offers an easy-to-use platform for initiating, managing, and discovering esports tournaments. Our team, fueled by a genuine enthusiasm for gaming, often shares stories from our own gaming adventures, including those frustrating moments of accidentally breaking a keyboard or controller in the heat of competition. We support gamers of all skill levels, allowing them to compete in their favorite titles, gain rewards, and engage with the lively esports community. Furthermore, we provide games and brands with effective strategies to connect with this audience by offering all-encompassing solutions for testing, scaling, and overseeing esports events. Building an organization and nurturing a community from scratch is undoubtedly a demanding task, necessitating dedication, effort, and resilience. This handbook aims to equip you with crucial best practices to help you host successful events and grow your community. We are committed to providing you with all the tools needed for your organization to flourish. Ultimately, our mission is to empower you on your path to establishing a vibrant and impactful esports presence, fostering connections that will enrich the gaming landscape for everyone involved.

PlayVS is a specialized platform designed for esports competitions, focusing on inclusivity, teamwork, and equitable gameplay. The NFHS Network collaborates with PlayVS to promote the growth of high school esports nationwide, establishing it as the leading provider for scholastic gaming. Regardless of whether you belong to an existing esports club or are just starting out, PlayVS presents a well-rounded platform that includes robust team management tools, partnerships with exclusive organizations, outstanding real-time assistance, and performance-based scheduling to improve the experience for both educators and students. Those interested in launching an esports initiative can arrange a personal meeting with a PlayVS representative, who will be more than happy to answer questions regarding the establishment of an esports program and the competitive environment in their respective states. This collaboration seeks to widen access to esports opportunities, making it possible for every student to engage and excel in this rapidly developing field, ultimately enriching the educational landscape. By fostering a culture of competition and support, PlayVS and the NFHS Network are paving the way for a brighter future in high school esports.

SENET, developed by ENESTECH Software, serves as an exceptional management solution tailored for esports venues, gaming lounges, cyber cafes, LAN centers, and educational institutions featuring esports programs. This innovative platform streamlines operations and enhances user experiences across various gaming environments.

Teamworks enhances your team's effectiveness by cultivating a positive culture, eliminating distractions, and promoting accountability at every level. With seamless communication tools, it elevates both responsibility and productivity within the group. You have the capability to effortlessly send or arrange emails, voice calls, and text messages. By creating customized messaging groups, you can ensure that communication is clear, while also allowing for mass text distribution with individual replies. The inclusion of read receipts allows you to verify when messages have been acknowledged. Additionally, streamline logistics to ensure every journey is exceptional and minimize the time spent hunting for information by efficiently gathering and organizing data. Leverage DocuSign to gather signatures, providing recipients the convenience of signing through web or mobile platforms. To safeguard essential team information, top-notch security measures are in place, protecting sensitive data with advanced features, stringent permissions, and access controls. In the end, Teamworks not only enhances productivity but also fosters a unified workplace where every member feels both accountable and secure, creating an atmosphere conducive to success and collaboration.

GammaStack, a leading software development firm in the sports betting sector, delivers cutting-edge betting solutions tailored for clients and businesses worldwide. Boasting over eight years of extensive experience in the field, GammaStack crafts distinctive, innovative, and efficient betting solutions. Their offerings range from ready-to-launch products to fully customized options and third-party integrations, showcasing their expertise across all types of services, including sports betting software. Elevate your business above the competition with GammaStack's exceptional sports betting services and stay ahead in this dynamic industry. With their commitment to quality and innovation, GammaStack is dedicated to helping clients achieve their goals in the ever-evolving betting landscape.

Brackot serves as a comprehensive platform for managing online tournaments and competitions. It equips organizers with sophisticated tools, ensuring a seamless and enjoyable tournament experience for both players and teams alike. Additionally, its user-friendly interface enhances engagement and participation in various competitive events.

Uncover the most user-friendly software designed for automating esports tournaments, enabling you to easily create, host, and manage competitions on a global scale, featuring a wide range of customizable rule sets suited for the most popular esports titles across PC, Mobile, Xbox, Playstation, and Nintendo Switch. Our goal is to streamline your tournament management experience while ensuring it remains budget-friendly. Furthermore, you have the option to establish both free entry and paid entry formats, allowing you to monetize the tournaments you run. This platform not only boosts engagement within your gaming community but also provides an opportunity to significantly increase your revenue potential. Empower your esports events with tools that elevate excitement and participation, ensuring every tournament is a memorable experience for all players involved.

Loco provides a platform for viewers to indulge in live streams from some of India’s top gamers as they exhibit their talents in widely played games. In addition to following and engaging with these skilled players, you have the chance to start your own streaming journey and build a gaming community through your own live broadcasts. The app also features a selection of free multiplayer games, including Ludo, Carrom, Pool, and Bull Bash, which facilitate direct interaction among friends. By tuning in, you can experience live game streams showcasing the prowess of elite Indian players and immerse yourself in a lively gaming culture designed for local enthusiasts. Furthermore, Loco offers a treasure trove of content, including skill showcases, game tutorials, highlight compilations, and a variety of videos related to popular mobile and PC games. The platform's compatibility with multiple devices, such as mobile phones, PCs, PlayStation, and Xbox, ensures that gaming aficionados can easily access it. With high-definition live gameplay viewing, video sharing capabilities, and the option to chat with other users, Loco significantly enriches the overall gaming experience. You can effortlessly catch live gameplay at any hour, guaranteeing that exhilarating gaming content is perpetually available for your enjoyment. This makes Loco not just a streaming platform but a comprehensive hub for gamers to connect and share their passion.

Elevate your team's performance without the hassle of tedious administrative work. Streamline your objectives, meetings, and team camaraderie into a cohesive process that leads to the results you seek. Isn’t it time that meetings took on a more enjoyable format? Hypercontext acts as a dedicated space for your team to coordinate agendas, record notes, share feedback, assign action items, and much more. Foster a culture of accountability around setting goals, measuring performance, and attaining success. Together, create clear and memorable goals that everyone can work towards collectively. Leverage analytics to provide you and your managers with vital insights, resources, and data necessary for effective leadership within the team. Bid farewell to unproductive meetings, as Hypercontext allows all team members to engage with a shared agenda and take ownership of the discussed topics. Preparing for meetings has never been easier, as it encourages everyone to participate, review, and discuss agenda items before each gathering, ensuring that nothing important slips through the cracks. By embracing this approach, your team can not only enhance collaboration but also build stronger relationships and achieve greater synergy in their efforts.

Manage your esports facility effectively with a state-of-the-art software and data management platform that enjoys worldwide recognition. Smartlaunch presents a variety of tools tailored for organizing local esports competitions and participating in global events. Among its numerous features are detailed game statistics that significantly improve user engagement. The management of the center is made easier through a user-friendly point-and-click interface that, despite its simplicity, offers powerful capabilities, allowing for quick training and minimal oversight. As the popularity of home gaming continues to grow, enhancing the customer experience within gaming centers has become essential. Furthermore, Smartlaunch includes a range of advanced features designed to provide top-notch customer service. In addition to longstanding compatibility with Steam, the platform now also supports auto-login scripts for Origin and Battlenet, further improving user experience. Additional features encompass comprehensive game statistics, automated standings, player rankings, and in-depth profiles for both players and teams, ensuring a rich and engaging experience for all participants. This all-encompassing strategy not only enhances operational efficiency but also fosters a vibrant gaming community within esports centers, making Smartlaunch an indispensable tool for those looking to elevate their business.

Teamly delivers an exceptionally intuitive user interface by integrating all the necessary tools for managing a highly effective team, steering clear of the clutter that often plagues other collaboration software with unnecessary features. Wave goodbye to monotonous video calls and endless email exchanges; in today's fast-paced world, leveraging chat is the most streamlined approach for remote brainstorming, addressing challenges, making group decisions, and receiving quick feedback. The secure platform from Teamly enables users to create virtual chat rooms focused on specific topics, while keeping messages, videos, files, and internal communications organized in a searchable archive, ensuring that teams can maintain both order and productivity. With the implementation of boards, users can craft customized workflows, assign tasks, and optimize repetitive tasks, promoting a more efficient work culture. Furthermore, by presenting a clear overview of task statuses within the workflow, Teamly enhances task management for every team member involved. This transparency not only boosts accountability but also fosters improved collaboration and communication among colleagues, creating a cohesive work environment where ideas can flourish. Ultimately, Teamly empowers teams to work smarter, not harder, by providing tools that cater to their unique needs.

Troop Messenger is an all-in-one instant messaging solution tailored for businesses of various sizes. This intuitive office chat application boasts modern functionalities designed to cater to the specific demands of your organization. Elevate your team's communication experience by utilizing Troop Messenger, where all members can engage and collaborate seamlessly on a unified platform. Selecting the most suitable option for your business can lead to noticeable improvements and tangible results. Enhance your work discussions by unifying your communication through a single interface. With features such as instant messaging and voice-video calls, you can relay information more swiftly and effectively. The application also allows for well-organized groups, enabling you to oversee daily project tasks and monitor their development efficiently. Quickly locate what you need by searching for individuals, groups, and files. Share ideas, project updates, and deliverables using images, videos, or documents. Furthermore, to foster growth in your business, consider integrating your customers, vendors, and clients as Troop mates for a more collaborative approach. This not only strengthens relationships but also enhances overall productivity and workflow.

Switch to a comprehensive professional platform that encompasses all your requirements. Maintain control over your data and uphold your brand identity. Experts suggest that traditional social chat platforms fall short for business applications. With Qwil Messenger, you can communicate instantly, safely, and effortlessly. Notably, Qwil Messenger boasts an open rate that surpasses that of email, along with a response rate that is significantly higher. It streamlines communication by reducing response times from a lengthy 90 minutes with emails to an impressive 90 seconds. Utilizing banking-grade security software, it facilitates seamless interactions with clients, colleagues, and team members. Effortlessly manage conversations and add participants whenever necessary. Stay connected on both desktop and mobile devices, eliminating the hassle of passwords, secure emails, or identification calls. Additionally, you can share your screen and transmit documents and messages within a single conversation. You can even schedule your next meeting with confidence, free from concerns about unauthorized guests interrupting. This innovative approach not only enhances productivity but also fosters a more secure communication environment.

Dialpad Connect is an advanced, AI-powered customer communications platform designed to unify voice calls, video meetings, and team messaging into a single, intuitive experience that enhances productivity and customer satisfaction. Its intelligent features include real-time call transcription, automated voicemail transcription, AI-generated conversation summaries, and actionable recommendations that keep users focused and informed during every interaction. The platform integrates seamlessly with a wide array of popular business tools such as Salesforce, Zendesk, Microsoft Teams, Google Workspace, and Hubspot, enabling organizations to streamline workflows and centralize communication data. Built on a robust dual-cloud infrastructure, Dialpad Connect delivers enterprise-grade reliability with 100% uptime SLA, comprehensive disaster recovery, and 24/7 customer support. It meets strict security and privacy standards, including GDPR, HIPAA, SOC 2, ISO certifications, and LGPD compliance, ensuring sensitive data is well protected. Dialpad’s AI capabilities extend to providing live coaching to agents during calls, facilitating better sales outreach, and offering real-time analytics to boost operational efficiency. The platform caters to businesses of all sizes, from startups to global enterprises, helping them transform their communication strategies. Dialpad Connect simplifies complex communication needs into a unified platform that supports inbound and outbound contact centers, cloud phone systems, and virtual collaboration. Its flexibility and scalability allow organizations to adapt and grow while maintaining exceptional customer experiences. Ultimately, Dialpad Connect turns everyday conversations into actionable insights that drive business growth.

Introducing a top-rated walkie talkie app specifically crafted for high-efficiency teams and remote professionals. Experience secure and instant communication through a powerful push-to-talk (PTT) system that works flawlessly on iPhone, Android, and web platforms. Boost your customer service with immediate voice messaging that enables you to listen to messages as they come in or at your convenience. Enjoy the added benefit of blending real-time voice chat with text, images, videos, gifs, and location sharing for a more dynamic interaction. This adaptable application operates effortlessly across various networks, guaranteeing consistent connectivity no matter what device you are using. In situations where teamwork is vital, this app proves to be a crucial resource for ensuring that everyone stays connected and well-informed while on the go. It not only enhances communication but also fosters collaboration among team members, making it an indispensable tool for modern work environments.

Effectively organize and categorize information by team, project, or subject for optimal clarity. The News Center of your organization provides real-time updates to ensure easy access to important information. This setup allows teams from different locations to engage and contribute at their convenience, regardless of time. A simple web link enables easy referencing of any email discussion. It is crucial that new team members receive vital historical context from their very first day to help them integrate smoothly. Additionally, facilitate the sharing of institutional knowledge with access to pertinent topics and a powerful search feature. Sidestep the issues associated with endless CC lists that can lead to either exclusion or unnecessary inclusion of individuals. Strengthen communication by ensuring that the appropriate audience is reached with the information. Offer individuals the chance to subscribe to topics of interest, enabling them to tailor their preferences for either immediate updates or daily digests. As part of Fastmail's commitment to excellence, Topicbox focuses on providing the same level of passionate, customer-centric support. We take immense pride in our dedication to users, continually working to enhance the email experience for everyone while adapting our services based on valuable user input. By prioritizing user feedback, we aim to create a more intuitive and efficient communication platform for all.

Transform your team's digital workspace by creating various rooms tailored for specific activities, whether for meetings, socializing, or gaming together. With just a click, you can enter any room, which supports audio, video, simultaneous screen sharing, and screen drawing. Personalize your avatars to serve as substitutes for video during meetings, and embark on missions to earn coins for unlocking exclusive avatar enhancements. You have the flexibility to manage your availability with open or closed doors for your teammates to connect with you. All communications are securely encrypted and transmitted using WebRTC, enabling seamless integration of your preferred tools. Explore these distinctive features that enhance your work experience and make the day more enjoyable. Engage in spatial rooms designed for groups to connect and hold multiple conversations simultaneously, or relax in lofi rooms where you can enjoy soothing music while you work. Additionally, take a break with trivia games that can be played during the day or used for team bonding activities. By incorporating these elements, you can foster a more collaborative and vibrant digital environment.

This innovative, efficient tool aims to support managers, employees, and remote team members in swiftly capturing and disseminating their notable work achievements. Through email or in-app notifications, managers can offer ongoing feedback to acknowledge employee successes. Employees and remote workers can effortlessly enter self-assessments in just seconds, enabling them to monitor their progress and exchange insights with both peers and supervisors. The Suggestion Box feature empowers all employees to contribute their ideas and suggestions to the larger organization. Udex 360 is specifically designed to enhance employee motivation, minimize turnover rates, and facilitate prompt and constructive feedback. Documenting work performance becomes seamless with this economical HR software, making it particularly suitable for small businesses. Both employees and managers will consistently remember key successes and areas for growth, fostering a culture of recognition and talent development. Additionally, the platform provides real-time evaluations of employee performance, integrates 360-degree feedback from various managers, and enhances productivity for remote workers, all while preparing for performance appraisals and offering management coaching to boost team motivation. This comprehensive approach not only streamlines feedback processes but also nurtures a thriving workplace culture.

This blog is dedicated to improving productivity for both individuals and teams. In the current job landscape, the demand for skilled writers who can effectively express ideas through articles, documents, and posts has surged, as many organizations seek out exceptional talent. A skilled and reliable workforce is vital for reaching business goals, yet the real challenge often lies in sourcing and onboarding the right individuals, ensuring they can make meaningful contributions from day one. If you are eager to enhance productivity, lead teams, and ensure that both you and your peers achieve important objectives, you’ve come to the right place. Over the past decade, rapid technological advancements and the rise of the internet have significantly transformed our professional landscape. Today, remote working has shifted from being a rarity to becoming a norm in many industries. If you are on the lookout for ways to boost your company's productivity but find yourself short on time or motivation, remember that you are not alone; many face similar hurdles. This path toward increased efficiency is one that can be traversed collectively, and this blog is here to offer you valuable insights and practical solutions to support you in your efforts. Additionally, the shared experience of striving for improvement can foster a sense of community among readers, encouraging collaboration and the exchange of ideas that can lead to greater success.

Email and group chats can often create a sense of chaos, disorganization, and distraction within teamwork. In contrast, Twist serves as a communication platform that promotes thoughtful and intentional dialogues among team members. This tool provides contemporary teams with a centralized space to enhance their collective knowledge while facilitating structured conversations that remain focused and relevant for all participants. With Twist, teams can engage in in-depth discussions about intricate projects and concepts from inception to completion, all without the pressure of needing to reply instantly, thus fostering a more relaxed and productive environment. Ultimately, Twist transforms the way teams collaborate, making communication more effective and less overwhelming.

Embrace the liberation of remote work with Swit, which brings your teams together, enabling seamless communication and task management from any location. This all-in-one work suite meets all your collaborative requirements, eliminating the frustration of jumping between different chat and task management tools, which can often result in confusion. Swit creates a unified space for teamwork, helping you maintain focus and remain updated. By minimizing interruptions, it allows you to silence distracting notifications, enhancing your overall work-life balance. Just one comprehensive suite suffices for a more streamlined work experience, promoting effortless workflows that ensure tasks progress naturally without sacrificing interaction through integrations. Swit serves a variety of teams by providing a versatile collaboration platform that accommodates different methodologies, promoting the success of every member. By optimizing communication, Swit’s chat functionality significantly lowers the volume of messages exchanged, leading to more effective actions and discussions. In the end, Swit equips teams to operate more intelligently and collaborate with greater efficiency than they ever thought possible, fostering an environment where productivity can thrive. This innovative approach to teamwork not only enhances output but also cultivates stronger relationships among team members.

NuovoTeam empowers organizations to connect with non-desk employees through its efficient Push-to-Talk application, enhancing collaboration, communication, and productivity tracking among the workforce. As an all-in-one productivity suite, NuovoTeam supports seamless employee engagement and effective monitoring of performance. With NuovoTeam, you can: 1. Utilize the rapid Push-to-Talk (PTT) feature for instant team communication. 2. Consolidate your communication channels into a single platform for VOIP calls, chats, and file sharing. 3. Access a comprehensive contact management system for both bulk and manual contact uploads. 4. Track employee productivity by overseeing their locations, task completion, and real-time clocking in and out. 5. Benefit from advanced monitoring and reporting capabilities that provide insights into work hours and role-specific access. This innovative solution not only streamlines communication but also fosters a more connected and accountable workforce.

Bring everyone together on a unified platform, facilitating quick and diverse discussions while organizing teams in a centralized space. Instantly connect teams, clients, and partners across boundless workspaces, enabling engagement through meetings, chats, and shared resources. Your team will benefit from an array of tools for meetings, chatting, and sharing, where conversations remain persistent, allowing for easy revisiting of discussions anytime. Enjoy the convenience of audio and video meetings with a single click, as remote meetings become highly interactive with dedicated audio/video rooms and group chat functions. Access this platform from any location without any complex setup, ensuring top-notch security for all communications. Engage in ongoing team chats and sharing while establishing unlimited channels for collaboration between teams, clients, and partners. Enhance your chatting experience with features like @mentions, hashtags, and comments, fostering a more vibrant and social atmosphere. Collaborate easily by sharing files, assigning tasks, and coordinating schedules all within the same platform, while allowing members to participate directly from their email for a seamless experience. Additionally, uShare.to integrates effortlessly with your existing applications, making it an essential tool for effective collaboration. With its user-friendly interface and comprehensive features, this platform revolutionizes the way teams interact and work together.

Empower your team by granting them unrestricted access to essential company resources through a mobile Employee Self-Service (ESS) portal. Enhance the recruitment process of job candidates by leveraging text-based communication to match them with suitable positions. Managers will appreciate immediate alerts and mobile absence tracking for their entire staff, helping them remain well-informed. Prior to each shift, managers can receive timely updates on attendance through swift mobile notifications. Employees gain the convenience of reporting their absences via text messages in their preferred languages, thus streamlining the process. This real-time absence tracking allows managers to effectively oversee their teams and address any issues promptly. By harnessing text communication for recruitment, you can ensure its seamless integration with existing systems. An easy-to-use text-based ESS portal simplifies accessibility for your team, enabling them to find vital information whenever required. Furthermore, you can utilize this portal to disseminate important company information, such as policies, payroll details, and employee feedback forms, which promotes a transparent work environment. With this system in place, you retain control over the resources and information available to your employees, ensuring they have everything they need to thrive. This approach not only enhances operational efficiency but also fosters a culture of communication and support within the organization.

Lifester offers a comprehensive suite of tools designed for seamless collaboration among professional teams, prioritizing secure communication, efficient work sharing, and engaging project discussions that stimulate creative thinking and boost overall productivity. By optimizing the way individuals, small groups, or entire organizations interact, Lifester enhances productivity through improved communication, meaningful feedback, and a culture of creativity, leading to innovative solutions and better financial outcomes. Users can easily establish multiple teams tailored for specific projects, each with a dedicated chat space that is automatically created for ease of use. The platform supports real-time sharing of messages, voice notes, files, and tasks, effectively removing the confusion associated with extensive email chains that include many participants. With Lifester, users can launch exciting projects that integrate multimedia elements like embedded videos, charts, spreadsheets, and PDFs, allowing for selective participation or broader sharing to effectively promote business services. This not only improves collaboration but also fosters a vibrant exchange of ideas among team members, ultimately driving success in various initiatives. Moreover, the intuitive design of Lifester ensures that even those who are not technologically savvy can navigate the platform with ease, making it accessible to everyone involved.