Top Acuity PPM Alternatives

Runn is an innovative platform for real-time resource management that features integrated time tracking and robust forecasting abilities. Effortlessly plan your projects and allocate resources by scheduling project phases, milestones, and time off. Switch seamlessly between monthly, quarterly, and semi-annual views to strategize for both immediate and future needs. Gain a comprehensive overview of your entire organization, allowing you to effectively manage changes in capacity, workload, and availability as you develop your plans. Runn transforms resource management into a dynamic and visual experience through a centralized, shared interface. You can delve deeper into specific roles, teams, and tags to analyze trends and pinpoint groups that may be overbooked. Additionally, you can outline potential projects to assess how your plans could evolve as work gets confirmed. Monitor project progress, view forecasts, and access crucial metrics with Runn, including utilization rates, project variance, and overall financial health. Utilize the platform's built-in timesheets to keep track of project advancements efficiently. Runn also offers integrations with Harvest, WorkflowMax, and Clockify, and through its API, users can create custom integrations to connect Runn to their preferred tools, enhancing workflow and productivity even further. This versatility makes Runn a vital asset for teams looking to optimize their resource management and project planning processes.

Ganttic is an adaptable drag-and-drop scheduling tool designed specifically for efficient resource planning. Its Gantt charts, which focus on resources, provide an integrated perspective of your equipment, personnel, facilities, and vehicles, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of who or what is scheduled and when. In addition to scheduling, Ganttic enhances resource management and oversight of project portfolios. Users can optimize how resources are utilized, create insightful reports, and set up structured project or resource breakdowns that simplify the planning process. With Unlimited Custom Views, managers can effectively segment extensive resource groups, enabling them to arrange their teams and departments based on specific requirements. You can also develop unique data fields to include relevant information, ensuring the most suitable resources are allocated for tasks. Collaboration is made easy with the ability to share Views among teams and stakeholders, while notifications, calendar synchronizations, and a mobile application ensure that everyone is updated with any changes. All subscription plans allow unlimited user access, keeping all team members informed. Additionally, you can explore Ganttic's capabilities with a free 14-day trial, complete with training and onboarding support from our committed team, ensuring a smooth start to your resource planning journey. This trial period is an excellent opportunity to experience firsthand how Ganttic can enhance your project management efficiency.

Manage your entire business operations seamlessly from a single platform. Oversee the full project lifecycle, from generating quotes to processing invoices, ensuring that sales, delivery, and financial data are integrated for a comprehensive view of your performance and progress in real time. Optimize your resource planning and forecasting effectively. Anticipate when to take on additional work and identify potential resource shortages before they arise, enabling you to make informed decisions about outsourcing or expanding your team. This approach ensures workloads are balanced, preventing burnout for some team members while others remain underutilized. Ensure that your business remains profitable. While completing projects is essential, understanding your profitability is crucial. Gain insights into which clients, projects, services, or teams contribute positively to your margins and which are detracting from them. This knowledge empowers you to make timely decisions about improving efficiency, adjusting pricing, or reducing expenses. Facilitate collaboration in the context of your work environment. With easy access to all files and discussions related to customers, projects, or tasks, you can eliminate the inefficiencies of constant status checks and document retrieval. All necessary information is available with just a single click, enhancing productivity and communication across your organization. By streamlining these processes, your team can focus more on delivering value and less on administrative tasks.

Wrike is an exceptional work management solution that provides cross-functional teams with comprehensive insight into intricate projects. This cloud-based collaboration tool is relied upon by over 20,000 prominent organizations globally, including renowned companies like Fitbit and Siemens. With an array of award-winning functionalities, Wrike includes features such as dynamic request forms, automated workflows, cross-tagging, custom item types, and integrations with more than 400 applications. Enhance your productivity with Work Intelligence™: our sophisticated communication tool that facilitates voice commands, smart replies, and document processing. Additionally, we provide customized templates designed to help teams initiate Agile projects efficiently while ensuring compliance. In addition to guaranteeing 99.9% uptime, our enterprise-grade security encompasses single sign-on, role-based access control, and continuous data backup. For added assurance, users can utilize the Wrike Lock add-on to maintain complete ownership of their master encryption key. Research shows that Wrike can enhance organizational processes by 40%, streamlining administrative tasks and lowering costs across various sectors. Experience the transformative impact on your team — begin your free two-week trial now and see the difference for yourself.

nTask is a comprehensive online platform designed for managing tasks and projects, available at no cost for individuals, teams, and professionals alike. With nTask, users can effortlessly create checklists, oversee projects, collaborate with team members, organize meetings, and set up automation for routine tasks. What sets nTask apart is its ability to facilitate collaboration among both small and large teams working on multiple projects simultaneously. Tailored for agile methodologies, nTask enables users to assign tasks, log timesheets, and more, ensuring that team members keep each other updated on hours spent and provide detailed time entries for each task, giving a clear picture of overall team activity. Additionally, nTask features tools such as Kanban boards, project planning capabilities, and issue tracking functionalities to enhance productivity further. Signing up for nTask is straightforward and free, so why not take the first step and begin your journey today? By utilizing nTask, teams can streamline their workflow and improve communication, making project management more efficient than ever before.

ProjectManager is a renowned SaaS company that is revolutionizing the way organizations operate in today's hybrid environment. Our software solutions for project and work management facilitate exceptional collaboration among thousands of customers worldwide, offering tools for project planning, workflow organization, resource allocation, and time tracking throughout the entire work lifecycle. Designed to be user-friendly for all, ProjectManager also provides the robust features that managers need to make informed, data-driven choices while accommodating projects of varying complexities. Esteemed organizations like Nestle, Avis, and Lubrizol depend on our platform to effectively lead their teams and accomplish remarkable results together. Headquartered in Austin, ProjectManager has established offices in cities such as Auckland and Seattle, demonstrating our commitment to a global presence. By continually evolving our features, we strive to meet the ever-changing demands of modern businesses everywhere.

Tempus Resource's What-If scenario planning feature empowers users to generate real options through the simulation of various modifications to their project portfolio. By utilizing this tool, you can enhance your decision-making capabilities by gaining insights into the immediate effects that alternative resource choices and scenarios have on your project portfolio. This approach not only aids in strategic planning but also fosters a deeper comprehension of potential outcomes.

Prism PPM (formerly known as WorkOtter) is the top-rated and fastest-growing cloud project management tool for teams of 10 or more. This user-friendly platform is designed for Product, Engineering, IT, and Innovation PMOs looking to transition from spreadsheets to a straightforward SaaS solution for managing projects, resources, and portfolios, all enhanced by dynamic animated dashboards. It seamlessly integrates with popular tools like Jira, MS Project, and Office 365, offering full two-way synchronization. Key features include managing Ideas, Projects through Gantt and Kanban views, RAID Logs, Portfolios with "What-If" scenarios, as well as tools for Time Tracking, Capacity Planning, and Financial management. Additionally, WorkOtter allows teams to collaborate more effectively and make informed decisions based on real-time data insights.

Forecast serves as an all-encompassing project and resource management platform that can be customized to incorporate a variety of exceptional features. This tool seamlessly merges project oversight, resource allocation, and team collaboration within a single interface, empowering users to harness AI for the automation of routine administrative duties. It stands out as a robust alternative to traditional point-based project management systems commonly used in professional services firms. This solution is particularly suited for organizations with over 50 employees, as it provides a cohesive view of the entire project portfolio and resource allocation within a single software environment. * Generate project proposals that are more accurate and reliable. * Enhance planning and analysis capabilities through comprehensive Insights and Reporting features. * Utilize AI to facilitate more informed business decisions. * Achieve flexible resource management with effective Task and Project Allocations. * Optimize efficiency through streamlined Time and Task Management processes. * Access real-time updates on project profitability, including cost, revenue, and profit metrics, allowing for immediate, actionable insights. With these features, Forecast can significantly elevate the way companies manage their projects and resources.

Ravetree is an all-in-one platform built specifically for client service businesses that need advanced project management, budgeting, and billing—far beyond generic tools. Forecast project budgets, track actual spend, and get instant insights into fees, costs, and profitability with powerful visualizations and reports. This clarity helps you make informed decisions and keep projects financially on track. Ravetree’s robust time tracking and billing features offer unmatched flexibility. Create time logs in one click, assign them to projects or clients, and manage approvals with custom workflows. Set up client-specific rate cards with start and end dates for billing accuracy and consistency. Assign multiple team members to the same task—each with their own bill rate, work role, and time estimate—so you accurately reflect every specialist’s unique contribution and cost. Generate invoices directly from approved time logs and expenses, with seamless QuickBooks integration for efficient financial management. Benefit from advanced resource planning, real-time project visibility, and customizable dashboards—eliminating the need for spreadsheets and disconnected tools. With unlimited file storage, secure client portals, and real-time collaboration, Ravetree keeps your team and clients connected and informed throughout every project. Whether you manage creative, digital, or consulting projects, Ravetree is the ideal solution for businesses that need a platform that truly supports their needs and drives client satisfaction.

Planforge stands out as the top provider of hybrid program and portfolio management software. Its web-based PPM solution effectively eliminates information silos by seamlessly integrating various cross-functional Jira processes and enterprise agile planning methodologies, such as SAFe, along with resource management capabilities. This integration empowers organizations to respond more swiftly to evolving circumstances, translate strategies into actionable steps, and enhance their decision-making processes to maximize value. Furthermore, Planforge's innovative approach helps teams collaborate more efficiently, ultimately driving greater project success.

In today's rapidly changing business landscape, companies must embrace greater flexibility to adapt and capitalize on emerging opportunities. As priorities shift and work evolves, it becomes essential to adjust your project plans accordingly. Tempo Portfolio Manager (formerly known as LiquidPlanner) offers a revolutionary approach to project management for teams aiming to plan, forecast, and excel beyond expectations. This innovative tool helps align team members, projects, and priorities, ensuring that the right individuals are focused on the most important tasks at the appropriate times. With its predictive scheduling feature, Tempo Portfolio Manager can seamlessly respond to changes and uncertainties, providing real-time insights into when work will be completed. Thanks to its advanced planning intelligence, Tempo Portfolio Manager empowers teams to confidently manage and enhance their projects. Recognized by PC Magazine as the top software for handling intricate projects, smarter planning is just a click away, offering businesses the chance to streamline their operations and improve overall productivity. Furthermore, adopting such a tool can significantly enhance collaboration and communication within teams, leading to even greater success.

monday.com Work OS serves as a no-code platform for work management, enabling teams to enhance their project and workflow management processes. This versatile software offers customizable solutions tailored for diverse applications, including marketing, sales, operations, IT, and HR. Users can efficiently plan, oversee, and monitor all their projects from a single interface, utilizing convenient features like automation, time tracking, and document sharing to save time. The platform's multiple visual board options, such as Gantt, Kanban, and Cards, allow teams to prioritize and organize tasks in a way that aligns with their preferences, while dashboards provide a comprehensive view of progress to support data-driven decision-making. Furthermore, seamless integrations with popular applications like Outlook, Microsoft Teams, Gmail, and Excel enable users to work within their preferred tools without interruption. Additionally, monday.com features specialized solutions like monday dev and monday sales CRM, which cater specifically to the unique requirements of various industries, thereby enhancing overall productivity and efficiency. With its extensive capabilities, monday.com empowers teams to achieve their objectives while ensuring a streamlined workflow.

Jira serves as a project management platform that enables comprehensive planning and tracking for your entire team’s efforts. Atlassian’s Jira stands out as the premier choice for software development teams aiming to effectively plan and create outstanding products, earning the trust of countless teams. It provides a variety of features designed to assist in the planning, tracking, and launching of top-notch software. In addition, Jira facilitates the organization and management of issues, task assignments, and the monitoring of team progress. The tool seamlessly integrates with leading development software, ensuring complete traceability from start to finish. Whether tackling minor tasks or extensive cross-department initiatives, Jira empowers you to decompose substantial ideas into actionable steps. It allows for effective organization of workloads, milestone creation, and dependency management. By linking tasks to overarching goals, team members can easily understand how their individual contributions align with the broader company objectives, ensuring everyone stays focused on what truly matters. Furthermore, with the aid of AI, Atlassian Intelligence proactively recommends tasks, streamlining the process of bringing your ambitious ideas to fruition. This not only enhances productivity but also fosters a collaborative environment among team members.

Planview Enterprise One™ seamlessly combines business and technology planning to enhance resource optimization and foster innovative products, services, and customer experiences, thereby accelerating the execution of strategic initiatives. It facilitates the management and delivery of various work types and technology applications. By converting business needs into standards aligned with strategic goals, the platform helps in minimizing costs and reducing risks. This comprehensive solution accommodates all work methodologies, including agile, iterative, traditional, and collaborative approaches. It helps maintain team productivity by effectively balancing workload and resources, ensuring maximum resource utilization. With a scalable user interface, it keeps all team members aligned with key priorities to achieve desired results. Additionally, it guarantees that projects are completed on time and within budget, allowing for the maintenance of schedules and milestones. Enhanced performance insights are provided through user-friendly dashboards, which further support project tracking and team accountability. This holistic approach empowers organizations to navigate complex project landscapes with confidence and clarity.

Projectric's newest iteration of Nimble is revolutionizing the conventional project management landscape. With its intuitive and straightforward interface, the software empowers users to make strategic business choices based on actionable, pertinent, and up-to-date portfolio and project information. The inclusion of Gantt and tree charts enables users to swiftly adjust and modify project timelines as needed. Additionally, budget forecasts and team utilization can be updated with ease, streamlining the management process. Our unique project scoring technology ensures that users can prioritize tasks effectively while keeping their organizational objectives in focus. In just three clicks, users can swiftly act and make data-informed decisions, enhancing overall efficiency. Furthermore, the Custom Reports feature allows for the creation and storage of multidimensional report views tailored to the specific needs of your company, fostering a deeper understanding of project dynamics. This holistic approach ultimately supports better resource allocation and increased productivity across the board.

Streamline the management of all your projects in a centralized location. EMDESK serves as a versatile platform for project and financial management, bringing together the elements of planning, monitoring, execution, and collaboration under one roof. It facilitates teamwork among members and stakeholders, ensuring optimal control and transparency throughout the project lifecycle. Developed and hosted in Germany, EMDESK upholds the highest security standards to protect your data and maintain your trust. Additionally, it offers a user-friendly interface that makes navigating complex projects simpler for everyone involved.

KeyedIn Solutions is revolutionizing the operations of Project Management Office (PMO) teams with its innovative cloud-based project portfolio management solution. The user-friendly interface of KeyedIn enhances how businesses handle project selection, resource distribution, and reporting at the portfolio level, among other functions. This platform provides a distinctive array of tools designed to effectively oversee portfolios, financials, and deliverables, ensuring comprehensive management capabilities. By streamlining these processes, KeyedIn empowers organizations to make informed decisions and optimize their project outcomes.

Mosaic is an innovative solution for resource and workforce management that leverages artificial intelligence to enhance both productivity and profitability. By integrating seamlessly with a variety of financial and project management tools, it effortlessly gathers data to provide insights into team activities and timelines. This software empowers teams to forecast and bill more accurately while optimizing capacity management and workload planning. Mosaic eliminates the need for cumbersome spreadsheets, offering organizations a comprehensive overview of their operations. Take advantage of the opportunity to explore its features with a complimentary 30-day trial and experience the transformation it can bring to your workflow. Don't miss out on enhancing your team's efficiency and effectiveness today!

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, SCHEDULING, AND TIME MONITORING FOR SOME OF THE MOST INNOVATIVE COMPANIES IN THE WORLD. Hub Planner seamlessly integrates transparent Resource Scheduling and Timesheets with Vacation Management, Resource Requests, and Project Management, offering a straightforward and user-friendly software solution that simplifies the planning process. With Hub Planner, you gain a comprehensive overview of your resource management capabilities and team allocations. Its interactive drag-and-drop Scheduler enables quick access to resource availability and utilization, facilitating efficient project scheduling. Empowering your team is made possible through Timesheets, which provide crucial insights into performance by contrasting actual reported hours with the estimated time from the resource scheduler. You also have the ability to download, share, and access real-time analytics for all projects and resources at any time, while the dashboard streamlines resource management by allowing effective monitoring of both resource and project performance as it happens. The platform includes features for Capacity Planning, Custom Field Scheduling, Pipeline Planning, Resource Allocation, and Management of Projects, Budgets, and Billing. Additionally, it offers task assignment and categorization, request and approval workflows, comprehensive timesheet tracking, and a customizable dashboard. You can also create reports using the Report Builder and templates, while the Audit Log and User Access Management (UAM) ensure security and accountability. Try it out with a 30-day trial to experience its full potential.

UniPhi is an all-in-one Portfolio Tracking Management application that effectively highlights the performance of diverse projects. Its user-friendly interface enables clients, staff, and project owners to easily identify challenges, promote teamwork, and perform predictive analytics through the 'Summary Tools' featured on the dashboard. Utilizing a system of color-coded status indicators, project leaders can quickly distinguish between projects that are on track and those that might encounter difficulties. The platform is fully mobile-friendly and is securely cloud-based, guaranteeing consistent performance. In addition to core functionalities, it includes Budget Management, Milestone Tracking, Time & Expense Tracking, and Resource Management, providing a holistic approach to project oversight. Moreover, the intuitive design of UniPhi significantly improves the overall experience of managing projects, making it a valuable asset for teams. This comprehensive suite of tools empowers organizations to optimize their project management processes efficiently.

Meisterplan is a lean project portfolio management software with a focus on resource planning that helps you build realistic and effective portfolios. It delivers a true portfolio-level workspace with just the right level of detail for every planning horizon. With real-time scenario planning, you can see the impact of changes and make better decisions, faster. With Meisterplan, it is easy to see and adapt priorities as needed. Its prioritization features such as project scoring ensure that any new projects added to the portfolio are not only aligned with business goals but also realistic and achievable. By maintaining a clear overview of employee availability and skillsets, users can assign team members to high-impact projects where they’re needed most. Real-time scenario simulations make it easier to adapt quickly to change, while helping to identify and resolve resource bottlenecks before they become issues. Already trusted by companies across a variety of industries and organizational structures, Meisterplan supports a wide range of users — from portfolio and resource managers to project managers, product owners, team leads, and executives.

edison365 is a comprehensive cloud platform designed to streamline the entire lifecycle of ideas, projects, and portfolios, helping businesses deliver value faster and more efficiently. It offers highly customizable workflows built with drag-and-drop simplicity, allowing organizations to tailor approval stages, governance frameworks, and execution plans to their unique needs. The platform provides personal dashboards that give users a clear overview of their workload and priorities, alongside Gantt charts that offer detailed visualizations of project timelines, dependencies, and progress. Robust reporting features empower teams to gain deep insights into project performance, benefit realization, and resource allocation, enabling smarter decision-making. Trusted by over 100 global brands across industries such as engineering, construction, healthcare, and manufacturing, edison365 facilitates innovation management, continuous improvement, risk management, and employee engagement under one roof. It supports complex project portfolios with tools for triage, gamification, and business case management, ensuring alignment with strategic goals. Edison365’s award-winning user experience combines flexibility with power, making it accessible to teams of all sizes and levels of complexity. The platform’s commitment to customization and integration helps organizations transform ideas into impactful business outcomes. Additionally, edison365 offers onboarding, implementation services, and expert support to maximize adoption and success. Overall, edison365 is a transformative powerhouse for businesses looking to drive innovation and manage projects with confidence.

Adobe Workfront is a highly regarded online management platform designed to assist contemporary businesses in prioritizing the most important tasks and delivering high-quality outcomes efficiently. In addition to accelerating delivery times, Workfront caters to a wide range of marketing teams. The software enables users to generate and review content, oversee project requests, organize and rank tasks, and utilize various reporting features alongside timeline planning and management tools. With its versatile capabilities, Workfront empowers teams to achieve success, whether they are tackling extensive projects or responding to spontaneous requirements, ensuring flexibility and efficiency in their workflows. Its comprehensive features make it an indispensable asset for any organization aiming to enhance productivity and collaboration.

Effortlessly boost collaboration with your team using WeKowork. Are you curious about trying WeKowork? You can explore the free beta version at app.wekowork.com, where a wide range of features awaits to simplify your project management experience. The task management tool is highly customizable, tailored to meet the unique demands of your project. Keep your colleagues, friends, or clients informed by sharing regular updates on your project's progress, and embrace the transition into Koworkers with the first all-in-one project management tool that includes every necessary feature for a successful PMO. Work together to set clear project goals, assign specific roles, and delineate key milestones for a complete overview of your project and to monitor the status of each task efficiently. By utilizing project management applications, your planning processes can become considerably more streamlined. Our intuitive application aids you in navigating essential steps, enabling you to develop action lists based on themes, delegate tasks to team members, and establish vital dates, deadlines, and risk assessments to ensure your project's success. With WeKowork, managing your projects has never been simpler, leading to improved teamwork and overall productivity, making it an indispensable tool for modern project management. Experience the difference it can make in your workflow today!

UMT360's Strategic Portfolio Management Solution delivers essential portfolio management functionalities that numerous organizations currently lack. By implementing UMT360, businesses can ensure they have appropriate planning and governance mechanisms in place to effectively model and analyze various dimensions, align investments with strategic goals, expedite business transformation, and drive growth. Our distinct methodology enables clients to gradually adopt the necessary capabilities, enhancing visibility, generating insights, and fostering enterprise connections to speed up transformation and refine decision-making processes. Key features of our solution include: * Governance Controls for All Portfolios * Demand & Innovation Management * Forecasting and Budgeting * Resource Utilization & Management * Outcome Management * Strategic Portfolio Analysis * Roadmapping and Release Management * Business Intelligence & Metrics These capabilities collectively empower organizations to achieve greater alignment between their strategies and operational execution, ensuring they remain competitive in a rapidly changing market.

Planview AdaptiveWork, which was formerly known as Clarizen, provides PMOs and professional services teams of all sizes with the ability to gain immediate insight into their operations, optimize workflows, proactively manage risks, and improve overall business performance. By aligning with the strategic goals of the organization, teams can enhance workforce productivity, ensuring that their efforts are focused on executing the most essential tasks in a timely manner. The platform enables effective tracking, management, and prioritization of work requests, ensuring that each request is equipped with all the essential details for execution. Additionally, its seamless bi-directional integration with CRM systems, coupled with custom triggers, allows for the effortless capture of opportunity details, which is vital for planning client projects. Furthermore, the platform automates and regulates the different phases of the request lifecycle, such as submission, scoring, prioritization, routing, and approval, making the transition from requests to actionable projects, tasks, or work items much smoother. This all-encompassing strategy not only enhances operational efficiency but also promotes a culture of accountability and transparency throughout the organization, ultimately leading to better decision-making and project outcomes. By leveraging these capabilities, teams can adapt more readily to changes and challenges in the business environment.

Maximize the effectiveness of your initiatives while hastening the pace of transformation across the organization. Develop a strategic plan that prioritizes and tracks activities in alignment with the broader business objectives. Cultivate organizational agility to drive better business outcomes by managing results that create value effectively. Gain insights into investment portfolios and business strategies to bolster performance. Regularly assess progress in real time to achieve a clear understanding of financial outlays and the value derived from ongoing initiatives. Stay ready to adjust planning in light of uncertainties that may arise. Connect your investment strategy with actionable work plans to enhance your organization’s responsiveness. Ensure transparency in project outcomes, assess critical investments, and continuously refine strategies as circumstances evolve. Improve processes to elevate the speed and efficiency of deliveries. Centralize the management of strategic and operational activities to remove bottlenecks and accelerate time-to-market. Additionally, enhance agility by optimizing and reallocating resources in response to shifting business priorities, ensuring your organization remains flexible and quick to respond. By implementing these strategies, you are setting your company up for success in an ever-evolving business landscape, ultimately fostering a culture of continuous improvement.

ITM Platform serves as a comprehensive Project Portfolio Management Software that connects project management directly with strategic objectives. With a seamless integration process that takes only two weeks, it offers a user-friendly experience, ensuring that you and your team can quickly become proficient. This allows your team to efficiently manage their portfolio while aligning with the broader business strategy, equipped with the necessary tools and resources. The software ensures strong oversight of financial aspects—including costs and revenues—across all levels, from portfolio and program to individual projects and tasks. It facilitates the management of both agile and waterfall methodologies, allowing businesses to prioritize critical initiatives and utilize real-time data for company-wide progress reporting. Furthermore, ITM Platform’s capabilities empower organizations to make informed decisions that foster strategic alignment and operational efficiency.

Saviom Enterprise Resource Management stands out as a top contender in the realm of resource management and planning software. With Saviom ERM, businesses gain access to robust tools for scheduling, capacity planning, and resource management, complemented by integration and workflow capabilities. These features are crucial for maximizing resource use, ultimately leading to enhanced productivity, time savings, improved efficiency, and a notable increase in overall output. By implementing such advanced solutions, organizations can streamline their processes and achieve better results in their operations.