Top Rivery Alternatives

Analyzing data from your business solutions can be a swift process with Zuar Runner, which facilitates the automation of your ELT/ETL workflows by channeling data from numerous sources into a single destination. This comprehensive tool handles all aspects of data management, including transport, warehousing, transformation, modeling, reporting, and monitoring. With the assistance of our skilled professionals, you can expect a seamless and rapid deployment experience that enhances your operational efficiency. Your business will benefit from streamlined processes and improved data accessibility, ensuring you stay ahead in today’s competitive landscape.

Improvado is an ETL platform designed to automate data pipelines for marketing teams, enabling users without technical expertise to harness the power of data. This tool empowers marketers to make strategic, data-informed decisions by providing a holistic approach to integrating marketing data throughout the organization. It efficiently extracts information from various marketing data sources, standardizes it, and loads it directly into user-friendly marketing dashboards. With more than 200 pre-built connectors available, Improvado ensures a wide array of integrations, and the dedicated team is also willing to develop new connectors upon client request. By utilizing Improvado, marketers can centralize their data, enhance their understanding of performance across different channels, evaluate attribution models, and access precise Return on Marketing Investment (ROMI) metrics. Well-known companies such as Asus, BayCare, and Monster Energy have adopted Improvado to strengthen their marketing efforts. This platform not only simplifies data management but also fosters a culture of data-driven decision-making within organizations.

Linx is a robust integration platform as a service (iPaaS) designed to facilitate the connection of various data sources, systems, and applications within organizations. Renowned for its flexibility akin to programming, the platform excels in managing intricate integrations on a large scale. As a result, it has become a favored option for expanding businesses that aim to adopt a cohesive integration strategy, streamlining their processes and enhancing operational efficiency. Additionally, Linx empowers users by providing the tools necessary to customize their integrations to meet specific business needs.

The most precise, comprehensive, and prompt data yields the greatest insights. Minitab Connect equips data users throughout the organization with self-service capabilities to convert a variety of data types into interconnected pipelines that support analytics efforts and enhance collaboration at all levels. Users can effortlessly merge and analyze information from numerous sources, including databases, both on-premises and cloud applications, unstructured data, and spreadsheets. With automated workflows, data integration becomes quicker and offers robust tools for data preparation that facilitate groundbreaking insights. Intuitive and adaptable data integration tools empower users to link and combine information from a wide array of sources, such as data warehouses, IoT devices, and cloud storage solutions, ultimately leading to more informed decision-making across the entire organization. This capability not only streamlines data management but also encourages a culture of data-driven collaboration among teams.

Fivetran is a market-leading data integration platform that empowers organizations to centralize and automate their data pipelines, making data accessible and actionable for analytics, AI, and business intelligence. It supports over 700 fully managed connectors, enabling effortless data extraction from a wide array of sources including SaaS applications, relational and NoSQL databases, ERPs, and cloud storage. Fivetran’s platform is designed to scale with businesses, offering high throughput and reliability that adapts to growing data volumes and changing infrastructure needs. Trusted by global brands such as Dropbox, JetBlue, Pfizer, and National Australia Bank, it dramatically reduces data ingestion and processing times, allowing faster decision-making and innovation. The solution is built with enterprise-grade security and compliance certifications including SOC 1 & 2, GDPR, HIPAA BAA, ISO 27001, PCI DSS Level 1, and HITRUST, ensuring sensitive data protection. Developers benefit from programmatic pipeline creation using a robust REST API, enabling full extensibility and customization. Fivetran also offers data governance capabilities such as role-based access control, metadata sharing, and native integrations with governance catalogs. The platform seamlessly integrates with transformation tools like dbt Labs, Quickstart models, and Coalesce to prepare analytics-ready data. Its cloud-native architecture ensures reliable, low-latency syncs, and comprehensive support resources help users onboard quickly. By automating data movement, Fivetran enables businesses to focus on deriving insights and driving innovation rather than managing infrastructure.

Transforming documents, email data, and databases into actionable insights is made seamless with PSIcapture, which serves as more than just a basic tool for converting paper documents into digital formats. This sophisticated, automated document capture system excels at extracting data from physical documents and transforming it into a digital medium. It is designed to fulfill the diverse needs of any organization, accommodating the ever-evolving landscape of document management software and scanning technologies. PSIcapture stands out with its exceptional capability to integrate with a wide range of scanners and seamlessly route data to over 60 enterprise content management systems. Regardless of the size of the organization, PSIcapture simplifies and enhances the document processing experience. This versatile document capture platform is not only cost-effective and scalable but also uniquely adaptable to meet the specific requirements of every organization. By consolidating all document management needs into a single capture platform, PSIcapture ensures efficiency and effectiveness across various operational frameworks. In a world where information flows constantly, having a reliable system like PSIcapture can significantly streamline workflows and improve productivity.

Boomi provides an enterprise-grade iPaaS solution that facilitates the seamless integration of applications, APIs, and data to accelerate digital transformation. The platform allows businesses to automate processes, manage data flows, and orchestrate AI agents at scale. Boomi’s flexible and secure ecosystem is designed to simplify complex integrations, improve operational efficiency, and ensure scalability. Trusted by thousands of global businesses, Boomi combines AI automation with robust API management to deliver powerful, real-time insights and capabilities for enterprises seeking to innovate and streamline their operations. Boomi Agentstudio is a cutting-edge platform that redefines AI agent management, enabling enterprises to efficiently design, deploy, and govern AI agents for various business applications. With a focus on scalability, compliance, and security, it integrates AI agents into business processes to enhance productivity. Boomi’s robust features, including real-time monitoring, governance tools, and an extensive marketplace, allow businesses to easily manage AI initiatives, automate workflows, and unlock significant operational benefits without compromising on ethics or security.

Data integration for hybrid cloud environments ensures efficient and dependable synchronization between your private and public cloud infrastructures. This process occurs in real-time and employs change data capture along with streaming capabilities. Striim, created by a seasoned team from GoldenGate Software, boasts extensive expertise in managing essential enterprise tasks. It can be deployed as a distributed platform within your infrastructure or hosted entirely in the cloud. The scalability of Striim can be easily modified to meet your team's requirements. It adheres to stringent security standards, including HIPAA and GDPR compliance, ensuring data protection. Designed from its inception to cater to contemporary enterprise demands, Striim effectively handles workloads whether they reside on-premise or in the cloud. Users can effortlessly create data flows between various sources and targets using a simple drag-and-drop interface. Additionally, real-time SQL queries empower you to process, enrich, and analyze streaming data seamlessly, enhancing your operational efficiency. This flexibility fosters a more responsive approach to data management across diverse platforms.

Offer your clients a fully digital onboarding experience that ensures their peace of mind through a completely automated approach to regulatory compliance. By utilizing advanced technology powered by Artificial Intelligence, you can help your customers quickly start their journey with your services. We are excited to discuss crucial features such as Document Processing, Identity Verification, Risk Profile Assessment, and KYC Workflow, which are essential for a smooth onboarding process. Ensure that regulatory compliance is maintained throughout your customers' entire lifecycle with the help of an AI-driven automated solution. Continuous monitoring allows you to effectively adhere to stringent regulations while fostering a solid financial ecosystem. Additionally, our services, which include Risk Screening and Customer Due Diligence, help streamline your operations and improve overall efficiency. Discover a robust digital document management system specifically designed for efficient onboarding, remediation, and the handling of customer file lifecycles. This system strikes an ideal balance between effective, compliant, secure data management and a user-friendly experience, making it a vital resource for your organization. Ultimately, adopting this technology not only simplifies your processes but also fortifies your compliance capabilities in a constantly changing regulatory environment, enabling your business to thrive.

Streamline your workflow by creating and managing ETL/ELT pipelines in a user-friendly environment that simplifies debugging processes. Prior to deployment, visualize changes to enhance development, speed up testing, and minimize errors during debugging. Leverage Python along with our intuitive interface to promote collaboration among team members, ultimately conserving precious time during challenging development phases. Integrate data from any format, source, or size without hesitation, ensuring ease of use. Achieve the highest level of data accuracy by employing real-time error flagging and debugging throughout specific processes and across entire pipelines. Automatically scale your infrastructure using compute, storage, and network resources as data volume and velocity increase, ensuring optimal performance. Additionally, real-time data observability enables you to detect and address issues effectively, allowing for a deep dive into your data pipelines for thorough troubleshooting and optimization. This comprehensive approach not only boosts efficiency but also enhances the overall quality of your data management efforts.

INGEST. TRANSFORM. DELIVER. ALL THROUGH ONE TOOL. Create a data framework that can ingest, refine, structure, and deliver dependable, high-quality data as swiftly and efficiently as possible, all through a single, low-code interface. EVERY DATA INTEGRATION FUNCTION YOU REQUIRE IN A SINGLE PACKAGE. TimeXtender effortlessly enhances and speeds up your data framework, allowing you to develop a complete data solution in mere days instead of months, eliminating expensive delays and interruptions. Wave farewell to an assortment of mismatched tools and systems. Embrace a comprehensive data integration solution designed for flexibility and responsiveness. Harness the complete power of your data with TimeXtender. Our all-encompassing platform enables organizations to construct resilient data infrastructures while optimizing data processes, thus empowering each member of your team to contribute effectively. With TimeXtender, not only does data management become easier, but it also fosters collaboration across departments, ensuring everyone is aligned and informed. This transformative approach to data integration allows for a more strategic and insightful use of the information at your disposal.

Hevo Data is a user-friendly, bi-directional data pipeline solution designed specifically for contemporary ETL, ELT, and Reverse ETL requirements. By utilizing this platform, data teams can optimize and automate data flows throughout the organization, leading to approximately 10 hours saved in engineering time each week and enabling reporting, analytics, and decision-making processes to be completed 10 times faster. Featuring over 100 pre-built integrations that span Databases, SaaS Applications, Cloud Storage, SDKs, and Streaming Services, Hevo Data simplifies the data integration process. With a growing base of more than 500 data-centric organizations across more than 35 countries relying on Hevo, it has established itself as a trusted partner in the realm of data integration. This broad adoption highlights the platform's effectiveness in addressing the complex challenges faced by modern businesses in managing their data.

TROCCO serves as a comprehensive modern data platform that empowers users to effortlessly integrate, transform, orchestrate, and manage data through a single, unified interface. It features a wide range of connectors that cover various advertising platforms, including Google Ads and Facebook Ads, alongside cloud services like AWS Cost Explorer and Google Analytics 4, in addition to supporting multiple databases such as MySQL and PostgreSQL, as well as data warehouses like Amazon Redshift and Google BigQuery. A key aspect of TROCCO is its Managed ETL functionality, which streamlines the data importation process by facilitating bulk ingestion of data sources and providing centralized management for ETL settings, thus eliminating the need for individual configurations. Moreover, TROCCO is equipped with a data catalog that automatically gathers metadata from the data analysis framework, resulting in a comprehensive catalog that improves the accessibility and utility of data. Users can also create workflows that allow them to systematically arrange tasks, ensuring a logical order and combination that enhances the efficiency of data processing. This functionality not only boosts productivity but also enables users to maximize the value of their data assets, fostering a more data-driven decision-making environment. Ultimately, TROCCO stands out as an essential tool for organizations aiming to harness the full potential of their data resources effectively.

Streamline Your Data Operations: Discover the first no-code data pipeline platform designed to enhance informed decision-making. Integrate.io stands out as the sole comprehensive suite of data solutions and connectors that facilitates the straightforward creation and management of pristine, secure data pipelines. By leveraging this platform, your data team can significantly boost productivity with all the essential, user-friendly tools and connectors available in one no-code data integration environment. This platform enables teams of any size to reliably complete projects on schedule and within budget constraints. Among the features of Integrate.io's Platform are: - No-Code ETL & Reverse ETL: Effortlessly create no-code data pipelines using drag-and-drop functionality with over 220 readily available data transformations. - Simple ELT & CDC: Experience the quickest data replication service available today. - Automated API Generation: Develop secure and automated APIs in mere minutes. - Data Warehouse Monitoring: Gain insights into your warehouse expenditures like never before. - FREE Data Observability: Receive customized pipeline alerts to track data in real-time, ensuring that you’re always in the loop.

Unify and streamline your data operations. Transform your data ecosystem into a dynamic force. Data Virtuality serves as an integration platform that ensures immediate access to data, centralizes information, and enforces data governance. The Logical Data Warehouse merges both materialization and virtualization techniques to deliver optimal performance. To achieve high-quality data, effective governance, and swift market readiness, establish a single source of truth by layering virtual components over your current data setup, whether it's hosted on-premises or in the cloud. Data Virtuality provides three distinct modules: Pipes Professional, Pipes Professional, and Logical Data Warehouse, which collectively can reduce development time by as much as 80%. With the ability to access any data in mere seconds and automate workflows through SQL, the platform enhances efficiency. Additionally, Rapid BI Prototyping accelerates your time to market significantly. Consistent, accurate, and complete data relies heavily on maintaining high data quality, while utilizing metadata repositories can enhance your master data management practices. This comprehensive approach ensures your organization remains agile and responsive in a fast-paced data environment.

With a user-friendly visual editor designed for developers, you can create, debug, execute, and resolve issues in data workflows and transformations. This platform allows you to orchestrate data tasks in a specific order and manage various systems using the clarity of visual workflows. It simplifies the deployment of data workloads, whether in a cloud environment or on-premises. You can provide access to data for applications, individuals, and storage all through a unified platform. Furthermore, the system enables you to oversee all your data workloads and associated processes from a single interface, ensuring that no task is insurmountable. Built on extensive experience from large-scale enterprise projects, CloverDX features an open architecture that is both adaptable and easy to use, allowing developers to conceal complexity. You can oversee the complete lifecycle of a data pipeline, encompassing design, deployment, evolution, and testing. Additionally, our dedicated customer success teams are available to assist you in accomplishing tasks efficiently. Ultimately, CloverDX empowers organizations to optimize their data operations seamlessly and effectively.

Upsolver simplifies the creation of a governed data lake while facilitating the management, integration, and preparation of streaming data for analytical purposes. Users can effortlessly build pipelines using SQL with auto-generated schemas on read. The platform includes a visual integrated development environment (IDE) that streamlines the pipeline construction process. It also allows for Upserts in data lake tables, enabling the combination of streaming and large-scale batch data. With automated schema evolution and the ability to reprocess previous states, users experience enhanced flexibility. Furthermore, the orchestration of pipelines is automated, eliminating the need for complex Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs). The solution offers fully-managed execution at scale, ensuring a strong consistency guarantee over object storage. There is minimal maintenance overhead, allowing for analytics-ready information to be readily available. Essential hygiene for data lake tables is maintained, with features such as columnar formats, partitioning, compaction, and vacuuming included. The platform supports a low cost with the capability to handle 100,000 events per second, translating to billions of events daily. Additionally, it continuously performs lock-free compaction to solve the "small file" issue. Parquet-based tables enhance the performance of quick queries, making the entire data processing experience efficient and effective. This robust functionality positions Upsolver as a leading choice for organizations looking to optimize their data management strategies.

Airbyte is an innovative data integration platform that employs an open-source model, aimed at helping businesses consolidate data from various sources into their data lakes, warehouses, or databases. Boasting an extensive selection of more than 550 pre-built connectors, it empowers users to create custom connectors with ease using low-code or no-code approaches. The platform is meticulously designed for the efficient transfer of large data volumes, consequently enhancing artificial intelligence workflows by seamlessly integrating unstructured data into vector databases like Pinecone and Weaviate. In addition, Airbyte offers flexible deployment options that ensure security, compliance, and governance across different data models, establishing it as a valuable resource for contemporary data integration challenges. This feature is particularly significant for organizations aiming to bolster their data-driven decision-making capabilities, ultimately leading to more informed strategies and improved outcomes. By streamlining the data integration process, Airbyte enables businesses to focus on extracting actionable insights from their data.

Gathr serves as a comprehensive Data+AI fabric, enabling businesses to swiftly produce data and AI solutions that are ready for production. This innovative framework allows teams to seamlessly gather, process, and utilize data while harnessing AI capabilities to create intelligence and develop consumer-facing applications, all with exceptional speed, scalability, and assurance. By promoting a self-service, AI-enhanced, and collaborative model, Gathr empowers data and AI professionals to significantly enhance their productivity, enabling teams to accomplish more impactful tasks in shorter timeframes. With full control over their data and AI resources, as well as the flexibility to experiment and innovate continuously, Gathr ensures a dependable performance even at significant scales, allowing organizations to confidently transition proofs of concept into full production. Furthermore, Gathr accommodates both cloud-based and air-gapped installations, making it a versatile solution for various enterprise requirements. Recognized by top analysts like Gartner and Forrester, Gathr has become a preferred partner for numerous Fortune 500 firms, including notable companies such as United, Kroger, Philips, and Truist, reflecting its strong reputation and reliability in the industry. This endorsement from leading analysts underscores Gathr's commitment to delivering cutting-edge solutions that meet the evolving needs of enterprises today.

Alooma equips data teams with extensive oversight and management functionalities. By merging data from various silos into BigQuery in real time, it facilitates seamless access. Users can quickly establish data flows in mere minutes or opt to tailor, enhance, and adjust data while it is still en route, ensuring it is formatted correctly before entering the data warehouse. With strong safety measures implemented, there is no chance of losing any events, as Alooma streamlines error resolution without disrupting the data pipeline. Whether managing a handful of sources or a vast multitude, Alooma’s platform is built to scale effectively according to your unique needs. This adaptability not only enhances operational efficiency but also positions it as an essential asset for any organization focused on data-driven strategies. Ultimately, Alooma empowers teams to leverage their data resources for improved decision-making and performance.

RudderStack serves as an intelligent solution for managing customer information flows. With it, you can effortlessly construct pipelines that integrate your complete customer data ecosystem. Furthermore, you can enhance these pipelines by sourcing data from your data warehouse, facilitating enriched interactions within customer tools for identity stitching and various other sophisticated applications. Begin developing more intelligent customer data pipelines now to maximize your insights.

Astronomer serves as the key player behind Apache Airflow, which has become the industry standard for defining data workflows through code. With over 4 million downloads each month, Airflow is actively utilized by countless teams across the globe. To enhance the accessibility of reliable data, Astronomer offers Astro, an advanced data orchestration platform built on Airflow. This platform empowers data engineers, scientists, and analysts to create, execute, and monitor pipelines as code. Established in 2018, Astronomer operates as a fully remote company with locations in Cincinnati, New York, San Francisco, and San Jose. With a customer base spanning over 35 countries, Astronomer is a trusted ally for organizations seeking effective data orchestration solutions. Furthermore, the company's commitment to innovation ensures that it stays at the forefront of the data management landscape.

Etleap was developed on AWS to facilitate the integration of data warehouses and lakes like Redshift, Snowflake, and S3/Glue. Their offering streamlines and automates the ETL process through a fully-managed service. With Etleap's intuitive data wrangler, users can manage data transformations for analysis without any coding required. Additionally, Etleap keeps a close eye on data pipelines to ensure their availability and integrity. This proactive management reduces the need for ongoing maintenance and consolidates data from over 50 distinct sources into a unified database warehouse or data lake. Ultimately, Etleap enhances data accessibility and usability for businesses aiming to leverage their data effectively.

K2View is committed to empowering enterprises to fully utilize their data for enhanced agility and innovation. Our Data Product Platform facilitates this by generating and overseeing a reliable dataset for each business entity as needed and in real-time. This dataset remains continuously aligned with its original sources, adjusts seamlessly to changes, and is readily available to all authorized users. We support a variety of operational applications, such as customer 360, data masking, test data management, data migration, and the modernization of legacy applications, enabling businesses to achieve their goals in half the time and at a fraction of the cost compared to other solutions. Additionally, our approach ensures that organizations can swiftly adapt to evolving market demands while maintaining data integrity and security.

The practices of version control, quality assurance, documentation, and modularity facilitate collaboration among data teams in a manner akin to that of software engineering groups. It is essential to treat analytics inaccuracies with the same degree of urgency as one would for defects in a functioning product. Much of the analytic process still relies on manual efforts, highlighting the need for workflows that can be executed with a single command. To enhance collaboration, data teams utilize dbt to encapsulate essential business logic, making it accessible throughout the organization for diverse applications such as reporting, machine learning, and operational activities. The implementation of continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) guarantees that changes to data models transition seamlessly through the development, staging, and production environments. Furthermore, dbt Cloud ensures reliability by providing consistent uptime and customizable service level agreements (SLAs) tailored to specific organizational requirements. This thorough methodology not only promotes reliability and efficiency but also cultivates a proactive culture within data operations that continuously seeks improvement.

Tugger efficiently and securely extracts your data from various business systems, seamlessly transferring it to analytics and visualization platforms like Power BI and Tableau, allowing you to create cutting-edge interactive reports. After transferring your data, Tugger ensures that you are equipped with essential business reports, offering a comprehensive end-to-end solution that significantly reduces the amount of time you need to spend on data management. This tool is designed as a no-code solution, simplifying your workflow by eliminating the necessity for manual API integrations and minimizing the likelihood of data inaccuracies. With no technical expertise required, all users can benefit from Tugger's outstanding support team whenever needed. Additionally, Tugger offers a range of data connectors that include HubSpot, Harvest, Microsoft Teams, JIRA, GitHub, simPRO, and many others, further enhancing its versatility and usability for diverse business needs.

With the combination of specialized enterprise partnership expertise and a user-friendly, scalable data management suite, you can regain command over your data, access it globally, maintain security and compliance, and harness its potential for business growth. Why Choose Sesame Software? Relational Junction facilitates the automatic building, population, and incremental refreshing of your data. Improve Data Quality - Transform data from diverse sources into a uniform format, resulting in enhanced accuracy that underpins sound decision-making. Extract Insights - By automating the aggregation of information into a centralized location, you can leverage your internal BI tools to create valuable reports, helping you sidestep expensive errors. Consistent Pricing - Eliminate unpredictable costs with fixed yearly pricing and long-term discounts, regardless of your data volume. With these advantages, your organization can unlock new opportunities and streamline operations.

Census acts as a powerful operational analytics platform that bridges the gap between your data warehouse and the applications you use daily. It promotes shared access to customer information among sales, marketing, and customer success teams, ensuring that data remains consistently fresh without the need for technical support. With Census, you can easily publish SQL and dbt models from your data warehouse, eliminating the need for coding. This solution alleviates the burden of interpreting external APIs and managing complex scripts, allowing you to focus on your core business goals. Rather than wrestling with yet another source of truth, you can utilize the data already housed within your warehouse. The integration process is seamless; you simply select a destination application, map your data accordingly, and you are good to go. Census transforms your data into a resource that extends beyond just quarterly reports, empowering all members of your organization to take proactive measures. With real-time metrics available across various applications, your business operations can improve, leading to enhanced user satisfaction and increased revenue. Additionally, this efficient approach not only encourages collaboration among different teams but also stimulates innovation by simplifying the process of making data-driven decisions, ultimately fostering a culture of insight and growth. As a result, organizations can respond more swiftly to market changes and customer needs.

Meltano provides exceptional adaptability for deploying your data solutions effectively. You can gain full control over your data infrastructure from inception to completion. With a rich selection of over 300 connectors that have proven their reliability in production environments for years, numerous options are available to you. The platform allows you to execute workflows in distinct environments, conduct thorough end-to-end testing, and manage version control for every component seamlessly. Being open-source, Meltano gives you the freedom to design a data architecture that perfectly fits your requirements. By representing your entire project as code, collaborative efforts with your team can be executed with assurance. The Meltano CLI enhances the project initiation process, facilitating swift setups for data replication. Specifically tailored for handling transformations, Meltano stands out as the premier platform for executing dbt. Your complete data stack is contained within your project, making production deployment straightforward. Additionally, any modifications made during the development stage can be verified prior to moving on to continuous integration, then to staging, and finally to production. This organized methodology guarantees a seamless progression through each phase of your data pipeline, ultimately leading to more efficient project outcomes.

Power Query offers an intuitive approach for connecting to, extracting, transforming, and loading data from various origins. Functioning as a powerful engine for data manipulation, it boasts a graphical interface that makes the data retrieval process straightforward, alongside a Power Query Editor for applying any necessary modifications. Its adaptability allows for integration across a wide array of products and services, with the data storage location being dictated by the particular application of Power Query. This tool streamlines the extract, transform, and load (ETL) processes, catering to users' diverse data requirements. With Microsoft's Data Connectivity and Data Preparation technology, accessing and managing data from hundreds of sources is made simple in a user-friendly, no-code framework. Power Query supports a wide range of data sources through built-in connectors, generic interfaces such as REST APIs, ODBC, OLE, DB, and OData, and it even provides a Power Query SDK for developing custom connectors to meet specific needs. This level of flexibility enhances Power Query's value, making it an essential resource for data professionals aiming to optimize their workflows and improve efficiency. As such, it empowers users to focus on deriving insights from their data rather than getting bogged down by the complexities of data handling.