List of the Top 25 AI Agents for Microsoft Teams in 2026

Zendesk functions as a powerful customer support platform designed to enhance support workflows and elevate the customer experience. It provides a comprehensive set of features, including AI-driven automation, messaging capabilities, live chat options, and customizable workflows, allowing businesses to offer personalized and effective assistance across multiple channels. Additionally, the platform seamlessly integrates with various other applications and delivers real-time analytics, which help organizations make well-informed, data-driven decisions. Suitable for businesses of all sizes—from new startups to large enterprises—Zendesk emphasizes scalability, security, and user satisfaction. By offering such adaptable solutions, it ensures that companies can flexibly modify their customer service strategies to keep pace with changing demands, thereby fostering long-term relationships with their clients. This adaptability is crucial in a fast-evolving market where customer expectations are continually on the rise.

Robin by Atera is an autonomous IT operations platform designed to deliver enterprise-grade technical support by automatically resolving device and cloud-related issues. The system uses agentic AI to handle the full lifecycle of IT support requests, from intake to resolution. When an employee submits a request through channels such as Microsoft Teams, Slack, email, or an IT portal, Robin immediately analyzes the issue and verifies the user through integrated identity systems. The platform gathers relevant device and system data to diagnose the problem and determine the appropriate resolution steps. Robin can perform a wide range of actions directly on devices and cloud environments, including installing applications, repairing software, managing system updates, resolving network connectivity issues, and monitoring hardware performance. The platform follows defined security policies and approval workflows to ensure that actions are compliant with organizational rules and access permissions. Robin also logs every action and decision in an audit trail, providing full visibility into support operations. Over time, the system improves its performance through continuous learning by analyzing past incidents, actions, and outcomes. Organizations can monitor Robin’s activities through analytics dashboards that track ticket volumes, resolution patterns, and system performance. By automating technical support tasks and resolving incidents autonomously, Robin helps organizations reduce IT workload, eliminate support delays, and improve overall operational efficiency.

AI coding tools have fundamentally changed how software gets built. Developers are shipping more code, faster, with less friction than ever before. But the organizations benefiting most from AI-accelerated development are running into the same wall: quality hasn't kept pace. More code means more surface area for bugs. More PRs means more review burden on senior engineers. More releases means more chances for regressions to reach customers. The bottleneck has moved from writing code to verifying it, and verification is still largely manual. Checksum is a continuous quality platform built for this reality. Its suite of AI agents autonomously generates, runs, and maintains tests across every layer of the software development lifecycle: end-to-end UI flows, API endpoint coverage, and PR-level CI validation, so engineering teams can move fast without sacrificing reliability. What sets Checksum apart: it doesn't wait for instructions. It works as a background agent, continuously monitoring your codebase, generating tests for what matters, and repairing broken tests as the product evolves. Seventy percent of test failures resolve automatically, eliminating the maintenance burden that causes most test suites to decay and get abandoned. Every test Checksum produces is real, Playwright code you own, submitted as a PR to your repository. No vendor lock-in. Teams keep full control. Checksum is fine-tuned on 1.5+ million test runs and integrates natively with Cursor, Claude Code, and 100+ AI coding agents via /checksum slash commands. Testing happens before code review, not after. Generation and healing run on Checksum's cloud, consuming no LLM tokens or local resources. The bottom line: Checksum gives engineering teams the confidence to ship at the speed AI makes possible.

Serviceaide offers a user-friendly service management solution that can be deployed in a matter of weeks instead of taking months. You will experience a tangible return on investment with minimal administrative costs and swift implementation. This adaptable platform can be utilized either on-premises or through cloud services. Built on ITIL best practices, Serviceaide encompasses all the essential components your team needs. You have the flexibility to choose the environment that aligns with your technological, infrastructural, and compliance requirements. Furthermore, Serviceaide stands out as a comprehensive and cost-effective option, equipping IT personnel with the necessary tools to handle everything from ticketing to incident, change, and asset management efficiently. In addition to its robust functionalities, Serviceaide includes a virtual agent, self-service portals, and AI-driven features to enhance both analyst and user productivity. By automating processes across technical workflows and business services, organizations can significantly boost their operational agility. This makes Serviceaide not just a solution, but a strategic partner in driving business success.

WorksBuddy is an AI Agent Suite, Built to Run Your Business. So You Don’t Have To . It's like having a full team of AI employees managing your operations 24/7. Most businesses don’t fail because of bad ideas, they fail because execution breaks, leads go cold, follow-ups get missed, tasks pile up, and disconnected tools create chaos. WorksBuddy solves this by replacing scattered apps and manual workflows with one fully integrated system powered by coordinated AI agents. Instead of chasing work, your business starts running on autopilot, faster execution, higher conversions, and zero operational bottlenecks. Built for founders, startups, and scaling teams, WorksBuddy helps you grow without hiring endlessly or burning out, turning your business into a system that simply runs itself. Tools Overview Revo - Workflow Automation Engine Revo connects your entire business by automating workflows across leads, tasks, emails, and billing without code. It triggers actions like task assignment or follow-ups based on user behavior, removing repetitive work and keeping operations running smoothly. Evox - Email & Communication Hub Evox manages your communication by organizing inboxes, automating email sequences, and tracking engagement. It ensures timely follow-ups and personalized outreach without manual effort. Taro - Task & Project Management Taro keeps teams aligned by managing tasks, projects, and priorities with real-time visibility. It reduces follow-ups and improves execution efficiency. Lio - AI Lead Management Lio captures, qualifies, and routes leads instantly with smart scoring and automated responses, helping convert prospects faster. Inzo - Invoicing & Billing Inzo simplifies invoicing by automating creation, tracking, and reminders, improving cash flow and reducing manual chasing. Sigi - E-Signature & Document Management Sigi enables secure document signing and tracking, speeding up deal closures and reducing paperwork.

OpenClaw is a powerful open-source AI assistant that functions independently on your computer, server, or VPS, going beyond mere text generation to perform real-world tasks in response to your natural language commands through widely-used messaging platforms like WhatsApp, Telegram, Discord, and Slack. By tapping into various external large language models and services, it prioritizes local processing and data security, allowing the assistant to proficiently handle your inbox, send emails, manage your calendar, check you in for flights, interact with files, execute scripts, and optimize daily workflows without depending on predetermined triggers or cloud-based systems. Designed to have a persistent memory, OpenClaw can retain context across multiple sessions and operate continuously, thus taking the initiative in task and reminder management. Furthermore, it enables seamless integrations with messaging applications and supports community-created "skills," providing users with the flexibility to expand its capabilities and oversee various agents or tools within distinct workspaces. This makes OpenClaw not only a versatile tool for personal productivity but also a customizable platform that adapts to individual needs and preferences. Ultimately, its ability to learn and evolve with user interactions enhances the overall experience, ensuring that it remains relevant and highly effective in managing tasks.

ClickUp represents the next generation of workplace solutions, offering a comprehensive suite that includes tasks, documents, goals, and much more. In an era where data silos and redundant expenditures are increasingly intolerable, ClickUp consolidates all your work within a single platform. This all-in-one application can effortlessly replace multiple tools, making it an indispensable asset for any team. Whether your projects involve sprint management or ad proofing, ClickUp is adaptable to fit teams of all sizes. Additionally, ClickUp AI serves as an innovative writing assistant, capable of aiding in various tasks such as text summarization, idea generation, and the creation of diverse types of content. This versatile platform is designed for teams across different industries and is fully customizable to meet their specific needs. It stands out as an essential resource for teams aiming to oversee every facet of design and development from a singular location. With advanced modularity offered through add-ons known as "ClickApps," teams can achieve a level of customization that enhances their workflow significantly. Moreover, ClickUp enables users to craft custom views that are easily saved and shared, fostering collaboration. Its unique features, including Assigned Comments, LineUp™, and Box view, facilitate exceptional management of team dynamics and project tasks. Ultimately, ClickUp transforms the way teams operate by streamlining processes and enhancing productivity.

Store, sign, and secure your documents on Box, the leading Intelligent Content Management platform. Built for the AI-first era, Box simplifies your tech stack and conserves cost with one secure, end-to-end solution for the entire content lifecycle.

Zapier is a powerful AI and automation platform built to help teams orchestrate workflows across their entire tech stack. It connects more than 8,000 apps, enabling seamless automation between tools, data, and AI systems. Zapier allows users to create advanced multi-step workflows enhanced with AI decision-making. Teams can build custom AI agents that handle tasks like lead qualification, IT support, and customer responses. AI chatbots and AI-assisted workflow builders make automation accessible to non-technical users. Zapier centralizes data using tables and forms to power intelligent automations. The platform provides enterprise-grade security with SOC 2 and SOC 3 compliance. Full observability ensures teams can monitor, audit, and optimize every automation. Zapier supports role-based access controls and single sign-on for enterprise governance. It scales from personal productivity to company-wide automation programs. Zapier helps organizations move faster without sacrificing control or security. It enables real-world AI adoption that delivers measurable ROI.

Experience immediate joy and quick communication with Zoho Desk's integrated Chat widget, enabling rapid responses to customer inquiries. The chat feature embedded within Zoho Desk ensures that you are readily available to assist customers who may struggle to find information in your Help Center. Customers can quickly reach out to your agents for prompt answers and support, enhancing their experience. For more intricate issues, agents have the ability to transform chat discussions into tickets, ensuring proper tracking and resolution. All context from chat interactions is stored, eliminating any potential delays in service. Furthermore, chat tickets can be assigned to your team's reliable specialists, promoting accountability. Zoho Desk also facilitates the delegation of tickets from various channels to designated agents and teams, streamlining workflow and enhancing efficiency, ultimately contributing to customer peace of mind. This seamless integration fosters a more connected relationship between your team and clients.

Intercom stands out as a premier customer service platform powered by AI, enabling businesses to deliver customized and efficient support across multiple communication channels. Founded in 2011, the company offers a diverse set of tools, including the Fin AI Agent, which provides immediate and accurate responses to customer inquiries at any time. Moreover, its platform features AI Copilot, which supports agents with real-time solutions, alongside AI Analyst, which offers critical insights and recommendations for customer support leadership. Serving over 25,000 organizations globally, including prominent companies like Atlassian, Amazon, and Microsoft, Intercom processes upwards of 500 million messages each month, greatly enhancing customer engagement and operational productivity. Headquartered in San Francisco, and with additional locations in Chicago, Dublin, Sydney, and London, Intercom is dedicated to the ongoing evolution of the customer service sector, ensuring they meet the changing demands of their clients. Their strong emphasis on innovation not only keeps them ahead in the industry but also fosters a culture of growth and adaptability. This commitment to progress is what sets Intercom apart as a leader in customer service solutions.

ChatGPT is an advanced AI-powered assistant designed to help users accomplish tasks, generate ideas, and improve productivity across a wide range of use cases. It enables users to perform activities such as writing, editing, coding, research, and brainstorming with ease. The platform supports both text and voice interactions, allowing users to communicate in the way that suits them best. ChatGPT can summarize meetings, analyze data, and provide actionable insights to support better decision-making. It also assists with creative tasks, including content creation, marketing strategies, and personal planning. One of its most powerful capabilities is workspace agents, which allow users to build automated systems that handle entire workflows. These agents can operate across different tools, gather information, and take actions such as updating documents, sending communications, or managing tasks without constant supervision. They can be scheduled to run recurring processes, ensuring work continues even when teams are not actively involved. Workspace agents can be shared across teams, helping organizations standardize workflows and scale best practices efficiently. Built-in governance features, such as permissions, approval checkpoints, and monitoring, ensure secure and controlled automation. ChatGPT integrates seamlessly into existing workflows, reducing the need for multiple tools and manual coordination. It supports collaboration by allowing teams to refine, edit, and manage work in real time. The platform adapts to various industries and use cases, from personal productivity to enterprise operations. By combining intelligent assistance with automation, ChatGPT enables users to focus on higher-impact work. Ultimately, it acts as a comprehensive solution for both everyday tasks and complex organizational workflows.

Meet your daily AI companion designed to uplift both your work and personal endeavors. With Copilot at your side, you can streamline your tasks, enhance your productivity, ignite your creativity, and nurture relationships with those who matter most—all while effortlessly adjusting to your unique preferences. This smart assistant offers cutting-edge solutions for maximizing efficiency and inventiveness, ensuring you remain connected to the important people and aspects of your life. Discover what you need with ease, receive helpful answers to your questions, and shop online with assurance, knowing that you're securing the best deals possible. Whether you're in search of quick information, inspiration for your creative projects, or support with your daily responsibilities, Copilot is here to effortlessly bring your visions to life. Creating captivating visuals and polishing your writing becomes a delightful journey, and regardless of your interests—be it exploring the web, acquiring new knowledge, tapping into your artistic talents, or producing meaningful content—Copilot paves the way for boundless opportunities for growth and discovery. Its adaptability makes it an essential resource for anyone eager to enhance their daily experience and embrace new possibilities. With Copilot, the path to achieving your goals and aspirations is clearer than ever. Copilot Vision, currently in preview for Microsoft Edge, enhances browsing by offering AI-driven assistance tailored to the content you view. This feature helps users by scanning pages, understanding context, and providing real-time suggestions or insights to improve the browsing experience. Whether it’s simplifying learning, aiding in decision-making, or helping with online shopping, Copilot Vision acts as a proactive assistant. It is an opt-in feature, prioritizing user privacy with all contextual data being erased after each use. With ongoing feedback, the feature is gradually expanding to more users and websites.

Cohere is a powerful enterprise AI platform that enables developers and organizations to build sophisticated applications using language technologies. By prioritizing large language models (LLMs), Cohere delivers cutting-edge solutions for a variety of tasks, including text generation, summarization, and advanced semantic search functions. The platform includes the highly efficient Command family, designed to excel in language-related tasks, as well as Aya Expanse, which provides multilingual support for 23 different languages. With a strong emphasis on security and flexibility, Cohere allows for deployment across major cloud providers, private cloud systems, or on-premises setups to meet diverse enterprise needs. The company collaborates with significant industry leaders such as Oracle and Salesforce, aiming to integrate generative AI into business applications, thereby improving automation and enhancing customer interactions. Additionally, Cohere For AI, the company’s dedicated research lab, focuses on advancing machine learning through open-source projects and nurturing a collaborative global research environment. This ongoing commitment to innovation not only enhances their technological capabilities but also plays a vital role in shaping the future of the AI landscape, ultimately benefiting various sectors and industries.

Introducing Microsoft 365 Copilot — your cutting-edge companion for boosting productivity. This extraordinary tool leverages the power of sophisticated language models combined with your data from Microsoft Graph and various Microsoft 365 applications, turning your written prompts into an exceptional tool for enhancing productivity. Copilot integrates effortlessly into Microsoft 365 in two unique ways. It works alongside you in the everyday applications you’re accustomed to, such as Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, Teams, and more, fostering creativity, improving efficiency, and advancing your skill set. Additionally, we are thrilled to announce a groundbreaking feature: Business Chat. This functionality operates by utilizing the advanced language model, the suite of Microsoft 365 applications, and your personal information — including your calendar, emails, chats, documents, meetings, and contacts — allowing you to tackle tasks that once seemed unattainable. You can communicate with it using natural language instructions, like “Provide my team with an update on the changes made to the product strategy,” and it will generate a detailed status report by integrating insights from the morning’s meetings, emails, and chat interactions. With these innovations, the opportunities for enhanced communication and collaboration are more expansive than ever, paving the way for a more connected and efficient work environment.

Supernormal turns meetings into completed client work, in a flash. Capture meetings without a bot, then work with an AI agent to generate campaign briefs, pitch decks, proposals, follow-up emails, project plans, and Slack messages. The desktop app runs quietly in the background on Mac and Windows, capturing meetings without a bot joining the call. When your meeting ends, the web app opens automatically with your transcript, summary, and action items. From there, the AI agent helps you create deliverables that sound like you and are ready to polish and send. Supernormal captures context-aware notes, extracts decisions and action items, and generates client-facing work. Stop doing, start reviewing. Focus on creativity while the AI handles execution.

Beam AI is recognized as a leading platform dedicated to the automation of agentic processes, enabling organizations to deploy self-learning AI agents that enhance operational efficiency and reduce costs. Utilized by both established Fortune 500 companies and innovative startups, these AI agents perform tasks with impressive precision and speed, matching human performance while operating continuously to minimize errors and increase productivity. The platform provides a diverse range of pre-trained agents tailored for various tasks, including customer support, data extraction, email sorting, appointment scheduling, and financial analysis. Additionally, Beam AI empowers users with tools to create and customize AI agents that address specific business needs, ensuring smooth integration with current systems to optimize workflows and boost operational effectiveness. Committed to ongoing improvement, Beam AI consistently evolves its technology to align with changing market trends and client demands, fostering a culture of innovation. Ultimately, this commitment to advancement positions Beam AI as a vital partner in navigating the future of business automation.

Cognigy.AI is a sophisticated conversational AI platform tailored for enterprises, aimed at automating customer interactions across multiple channels, such as voice and chat. By utilizing cutting-edge natural language understanding (NLU) and large language models (LLMs), it allows companies to develop smart AI agents that engage in personalized, human-like dialogues. The platform's strong integration features enable it to connect effortlessly with existing contact center and CRM systems, thereby enhancing the orchestration of customer experiences. Additionally, Cognigy.AI introduces Agentic AI, which features autonomous, goal-driven agents capable of independent thought, adaptation, and collaboration with both AI and human agents, effectively managing intricate queries with agility and accuracy. This all-encompassing solution not only facilitates the streamlining of customer service operations but also boosts engagement levels and increases efficiency in addressing customer inquiries, ultimately transforming the way businesses interact with their clients. With its innovative tools and capabilities, Cognigy.AI positions organizations to thrive in the competitive landscape of customer service.

The Skypoint AI Platform is a powerful solution for data and artificial intelligence, specifically designed for highly regulated industries like healthcare, finance, and government, enabling seamless data integration with advanced AI-driven automation. Built on an adaptable data lakehouse framework, this platform combines structured and unstructured data into a cohesive source of truth, all while maintaining a strong focus on governance, security, and compliance. Offering a wide array of AI capabilities, it includes business intelligence tools, AI agents, and collaborative resources that empower organizations to enhance their operational efficiency and improve decision-making processes. By leveraging complex AI systems that integrate specialized language models, retrieval systems, and external data sources, Skypoint delivers tailored, intelligent solutions that effectively tackle specific challenges faced by various industries. Moreover, its forward-thinking design allows organizations to remain agile in response to changing regulatory landscapes, thereby optimizing both productivity and insights. As a result, the Skypoint AI Platform not only addresses immediate needs but also fosters long-term strategic growth for businesses navigating complex environments.

Timeless (formerly timeOS) introduces a new category of productivity software where conversations become the operating system for work. It listens intelligently during meetings to capture critical instructions, decisions, and insights without requiring any manual notetaking. By organizing discussions into Rooms, Timeless ensures that every project, client, or topic has a dedicated space where the appropriate agents are automatically activated. When a team member says something like “Let’s send the deck,” the platform identifies that moment instantly and triggers the agent responsible for delivering the task. This real-time conversion of speech into structured workflows eliminates missed follow-ups and forgotten action items. Teams can speak naturally, and Timeless translates their intent into concrete progress. It supports continuous talk-and-task interactions, meaning automations can be triggered across any conversation at any time. The platform’s design emphasizes flow and frictionless execution, removing the manual overhead that usually follows meetings. Instead of sifting through meeting notes, users get completed tasks, automated workflows, and reliable, consistent follow-through. Timeless ultimately transforms conversations from passive communication into active drivers of work, boosting clarity, accountability, and operational speed.

Runbear offers a powerful, no-code platform designed to help teams build, deploy, and manage AI agents that integrate deeply with everyday tools like Slack, Microsoft Teams, HubSpot, Discord, and Zendesk. With support for advanced AI models including OpenAI, Claude, and Gemini, Runbear allows teams to customize and scale AI assistants tailored to their unique workflows and communication channels, all within minutes and without requiring developer resources. The platform integrates smoothly with knowledge management systems like Google Drive, Notion, and Confluence to keep AI agents continuously updated with the latest information. Users can automate numerous tasks, from summarizing Slack conversations into Google Docs, prepping meetings by aggregating schedules and emails, to analyzing Airtable data using simple natural language commands. Runbear also enables AI-driven workflow automation by connecting to services like Zapier, streamlining thousands of operational processes without writing any code. Its multi-agent support means different teams can maintain distinct AI assistants specialized for their workflows while being centrally managed. The platform’s ability to suggest answers proactively in Slack, handle compliance review, and analyze customer sentiment enhances both internal collaboration and customer support operations. Runbear is praised by customers for its seamless integration, significant time savings, and ability to reduce manual overhead in team communications. It also supports enterprise security protocols like SOC2, ensuring data privacy and trustworthiness. Overall, Runbear helps organizations leverage AI to boost productivity, automate complex workflows, and improve collaboration across diverse teams and platforms.

Create your dream team effortlessly with TeamCreate AI, where intelligent co-workers go beyond mere assistants; they can handle numerous tasks, integrate with over 200 different applications and tools, and communicate seamlessly via platforms such as Slack and email. These AI workers can be easily tailored to meet your specific needs without requiring any programming knowledge, performing in various capacities across sales, marketing, finance, product management, customer support, operations, and more. Unlike conventional AI assistants that serve a singular purpose, you have the advantage of modifying your AI worker to align with your distinct preferences, much like a fast-learning junior employee. All you need to do is assign tasks or make requests, and you'll be surprised at how quickly they adjust to your established workflow. For companies of all sizes, from emerging startups to well-established public entities, the key to thriving lies in attracting outstanding talent while being mindful of financial constraints. With TeamCreate AI workers, organizations can expand rapidly without being slowed down by budget restrictions or the prolonged processes of hiring and onboarding. Imagine your new AI worker as a versatile junior hire capable of managing tasks and leveraging their multilingual skills in English, Mandarin, and Spanish to facilitate smooth interaction among teams. This forward-thinking strategy fosters greater productivity and efficiency in every facet of your operations, ultimately driving better results in a competitive marketplace. Furthermore, the adaptability of these AI workers means they can evolve alongside your business, ensuring that you always have the right support to meet changing demands.

Latenode merges the simplicity of no-code solutions with the depth of full-code options and AI-enhanced insights, enabling effortless interactions between services that utilize APIs. Users have the flexibility to either work with no-code nodes for quick deployments or write custom scripts for more specialized needs. Rather than spending hours navigating through API documentation, you can communicate your requirements directly to the AI assistant, which will generate pre-assembled code tailored to your specifications. This powerful platform is designed to optimize the integration of various marketing tools, creating a unified system that reduces data discrepancies and enhances operational efficiency through smooth integration. Users can easily connect with popular SaaS applications using available connectors or develop bespoke code as required. For instance, you can effortlessly send alerts via Slack to your team while simultaneously dispatching email confirmations to your clients. Furthermore, the platform supports conditional logic, allowing you to intelligently control your scripts based on the data received, significantly improving functionality. With a complete cloud-based toolkit for API creation, you can craft workflows that seamlessly link any applications together, thereby streamlining processes across the board. By harnessing these features, teams can elevate their productivity and refine their communication strategies, ultimately leading to better collaboration and results. This integration-driven approach encourages innovation and ensures that users can adapt to changing demands with ease.

Village serves as the intellectual hub of your organization. Village Labs leverages artificial intelligence to handle the tedious tasks associated with contemporary work, allowing you to focus on what truly counts. By integrating with all of your team's software as a service (SaaS) tools, we develop intuitive no-code AI applications that significantly enhance productivity and empower each team member to excel in their role. This innovative approach not only streamlines workflows but also fosters a more efficient work environment for everyone involved.

HumanLayer offers a versatile API and SDK designed to facilitate interactions between AI agents and humans for the purpose of gathering feedback, input, and approvals. It guarantees that essential function calls undergo careful monitoring with human oversight through customizable approval workflows that function across various platforms, including Slack and email. By integrating smoothly with preferred Large Language Models (LLMs) and a variety of frameworks, HumanLayer provides AI agents with secure access to external data sources. The platform supports a wide array of frameworks and models, such as LangChain, CrewAI, ControlFlow, LlamaIndex, Haystack, OpenAI, Claude, Llama3.1, Mistral, Gemini, and Cohere. Its notable features encompass structured approval workflows, the integration of human input as a pivotal component, and personalized responses that can escalate as necessary. HumanLayer enhances the interaction experience by enabling pre-filled response prompts, which promote smoother exchanges between humans and AI agents. Additionally, users have the capability to direct inquiries to specific individuals or teams while managing the rights of users who can approve or respond to LLM queries. By facilitating a shift in control from human-initiated actions to agent-initiated interactions, HumanLayer amplifies the adaptability of AI communications. The platform also integrates multiple human communication channels into the agent's toolkit, thus broadening the scope of user engagement possibilities and fostering a richer collaboration environment. This ability to streamline interactions ultimately enhances the overall efficiency of the communication process between humans and AI systems.